The objective of the study is to understand the relationship between HIV status, fertility and utilisa-tion of maternal care services in India using the NFHS 2005-2006 data. The mean number of children ever born (a me...The objective of the study is to understand the relationship between HIV status, fertility and utilisa-tion of maternal care services in India using the NFHS 2005-2006 data. The mean number of children ever born (a measure of fertility) is substantially higher among HIV-negative women than among the HIV-positive women (2.8 and 2.1 respectively). Ten-year age specific fertility rates (ASFR) were calculated, there is no noticeable difference in pattern of ASFR between HIV-positive and HIV-negative category of women observed though the ASFRs were substantially lower among the HIV-positive women. The total fertility rate (TFR) among HIV-positive women (0.84) is substantially lower at one third of the TFR among HIV-negative women (2.78). The proportion of HIV-positive pregnant women utilising ANC services is 92 percent compared to 78 percent among HIV-negative women, who have alive birth during the 5-year preceding the survey. Similarly, the proportion of HIV-positive women (67%) delivering their babies in an institution is also much higher than among HIV-negative women (40%). This study concludes that the effort of the government to integrate ART services with maternity care services is likely to have benefited the HIV positive mothers.展开更多
Objective:To promote the use of preventive measures and raise awareness regarding HIV/AIDS in India.Methods:Data from the population-based NFHS-3 survey 2005-06 was used.In this study,information collected on 87 961 w...Objective:To promote the use of preventive measures and raise awareness regarding HIV/AIDS in India.Methods:Data from the population-based NFHS-3 survey 2005-06 was used.In this study,information collected on 87 961 women aged 15-49 years and 44 717 men aged 15-54 years was used in the final analysis.The data collected was stratified by gender and place of residence. Analyses of the variables related to the outcomes i.e.knowledge,attitude,belief and practices, was conducted using Chi-square test to calculate significant differences among proportions of categorical variables.Results:We found that knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention was low among women and rural residents.Most of the respondents had a non-discriminatory attitude towards HIV positives and majority agreed that children should be educated on HIV/ AIDS.The use of condoms and proportion of respondents who had undergone HIV testing was found to be significantly low.We found a significant gap in the beliefs regarding ways to avoid HIV.Conclusions:There are significant gender and urban-rural differentials in India in terms of knowledge,attitude,beliefs and practices in HIV/AIDS.Information dissemination in India should be designed in a way that not only raises the level of awareness but also result in behavioral change.展开更多
Background: In India under-five mortality (U5MR) has declined by 71% from 126 to 37 deaths per 1000 live births between 1990 and 2018. The Empowered Action Group (EAG) states accounts for 74% of the under-five deaths ...Background: In India under-five mortality (U5MR) has declined by 71% from 126 to 37 deaths per 1000 live births between 1990 and 2018. The Empowered Action Group (EAG) states accounts for 74% of the under-five deaths as compared to 26% among Non-EAG states. Method: National Family Health Survey round fourth (NFHS-4), 2015-16 was used for this study. A life table method and Cox Proportional Hazard (PH) model was used to examine the various factors associated with U5MR in EAG and Non-EAG states of India. Result: Overall, it was observed that U5MR is much higher in EAG compared to Non-EAG states. Absolute difference varies according to background characteristics. The highest difference was among mothers who had never breastfed (316 vs 150 U5MR per 1000 live births in EAG & Non-EAG states respectively). Factors—total children ever born to mother, household members, children never breastfed and size of the baby were found to be statistically significantly associated with under-five mortality after controlling for other factors in both EAG and Non-EAG states. Hazard of U5MR was two and half-times higher among birth order 4+ (AHR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.8 - 3.3) compared to birth order ≤2 after controlling for other factors in EAG states. The risk of under-five mortality was found three times higher among mother having up to primary or no education (AHR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.4 - 5.9) compared to mother having higher education in non-EAG states. Conclusion: The study revealed that both groups of states need health program interventions focused on high risk mothers, TT immunization and promoting basic health services and breastfeeding practices for the reduction U5MR.展开更多
The following article has been retracted due to the investigation of complaints received against it. The Editorial Board found that substantial portions of the text came from other published papers. The scientific com...The following article has been retracted due to the investigation of complaints received against it. The Editorial Board found that substantial portions of the text came from other published papers. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter, and the Health treats all unethical behavior such as plagiarism seriously. This paper published in Vol.3 No. 3,102-110?pages, 2013, has been removed from this site.展开更多
Objective To screen and analyze the differentially expressed genes of Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) and Tuberculosis (TB) by bioinformatics. Methods GEO gene chip public database in NCBI was used for data retrieval, and chip ...Objective To screen and analyze the differentially expressed genes of Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) and Tuberculosis (TB) by bioinformatics. Methods GEO gene chip public database in NCBI was used for data retrieval, and chip data GSE17674 and GSE57736 were selected as analysis objects. The R language limma toolkit was used to screen DEmRNAs, and the data were standardized, and the common differentially expressed genes were screened by Venn diagram. The GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment of common differentially expressed genes were analyzed by using the R cluster Profiler package. String database was selected for PPI analysis, and the results were imported into Cytoscape software to obtain PPI interaction map, core module and Hub gene. Import Hub gene into BioGPS database. Results: A total of 3 Hub genes were screened, namely CD3D, LCK, KLRB1;The genes were imported into BioGPS database to obtain the specific genes. Conclusion The selected differential genes and related signaling pathways are helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of ES and TB, and can provide the basis for early diagnosis of ES complicated with TB. It also provides new ideas for clinical treatment and diagnosis.展开更多
文摘The objective of the study is to understand the relationship between HIV status, fertility and utilisa-tion of maternal care services in India using the NFHS 2005-2006 data. The mean number of children ever born (a measure of fertility) is substantially higher among HIV-negative women than among the HIV-positive women (2.8 and 2.1 respectively). Ten-year age specific fertility rates (ASFR) were calculated, there is no noticeable difference in pattern of ASFR between HIV-positive and HIV-negative category of women observed though the ASFRs were substantially lower among the HIV-positive women. The total fertility rate (TFR) among HIV-positive women (0.84) is substantially lower at one third of the TFR among HIV-negative women (2.78). The proportion of HIV-positive pregnant women utilising ANC services is 92 percent compared to 78 percent among HIV-negative women, who have alive birth during the 5-year preceding the survey. Similarly, the proportion of HIV-positive women (67%) delivering their babies in an institution is also much higher than among HIV-negative women (40%). This study concludes that the effort of the government to integrate ART services with maternity care services is likely to have benefited the HIV positive mothers.
文摘Objective:To promote the use of preventive measures and raise awareness regarding HIV/AIDS in India.Methods:Data from the population-based NFHS-3 survey 2005-06 was used.In this study,information collected on 87 961 women aged 15-49 years and 44 717 men aged 15-54 years was used in the final analysis.The data collected was stratified by gender and place of residence. Analyses of the variables related to the outcomes i.e.knowledge,attitude,belief and practices, was conducted using Chi-square test to calculate significant differences among proportions of categorical variables.Results:We found that knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention was low among women and rural residents.Most of the respondents had a non-discriminatory attitude towards HIV positives and majority agreed that children should be educated on HIV/ AIDS.The use of condoms and proportion of respondents who had undergone HIV testing was found to be significantly low.We found a significant gap in the beliefs regarding ways to avoid HIV.Conclusions:There are significant gender and urban-rural differentials in India in terms of knowledge,attitude,beliefs and practices in HIV/AIDS.Information dissemination in India should be designed in a way that not only raises the level of awareness but also result in behavioral change.
文摘Background: In India under-five mortality (U5MR) has declined by 71% from 126 to 37 deaths per 1000 live births between 1990 and 2018. The Empowered Action Group (EAG) states accounts for 74% of the under-five deaths as compared to 26% among Non-EAG states. Method: National Family Health Survey round fourth (NFHS-4), 2015-16 was used for this study. A life table method and Cox Proportional Hazard (PH) model was used to examine the various factors associated with U5MR in EAG and Non-EAG states of India. Result: Overall, it was observed that U5MR is much higher in EAG compared to Non-EAG states. Absolute difference varies according to background characteristics. The highest difference was among mothers who had never breastfed (316 vs 150 U5MR per 1000 live births in EAG & Non-EAG states respectively). Factors—total children ever born to mother, household members, children never breastfed and size of the baby were found to be statistically significantly associated with under-five mortality after controlling for other factors in both EAG and Non-EAG states. Hazard of U5MR was two and half-times higher among birth order 4+ (AHR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.8 - 3.3) compared to birth order ≤2 after controlling for other factors in EAG states. The risk of under-five mortality was found three times higher among mother having up to primary or no education (AHR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.4 - 5.9) compared to mother having higher education in non-EAG states. Conclusion: The study revealed that both groups of states need health program interventions focused on high risk mothers, TT immunization and promoting basic health services and breastfeeding practices for the reduction U5MR.
文摘The following article has been retracted due to the investigation of complaints received against it. The Editorial Board found that substantial portions of the text came from other published papers. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter, and the Health treats all unethical behavior such as plagiarism seriously. This paper published in Vol.3 No. 3,102-110?pages, 2013, has been removed from this site.
文摘Objective To screen and analyze the differentially expressed genes of Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) and Tuberculosis (TB) by bioinformatics. Methods GEO gene chip public database in NCBI was used for data retrieval, and chip data GSE17674 and GSE57736 were selected as analysis objects. The R language limma toolkit was used to screen DEmRNAs, and the data were standardized, and the common differentially expressed genes were screened by Venn diagram. The GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment of common differentially expressed genes were analyzed by using the R cluster Profiler package. String database was selected for PPI analysis, and the results were imported into Cytoscape software to obtain PPI interaction map, core module and Hub gene. Import Hub gene into BioGPS database. Results: A total of 3 Hub genes were screened, namely CD3D, LCK, KLRB1;The genes were imported into BioGPS database to obtain the specific genes. Conclusion The selected differential genes and related signaling pathways are helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of ES and TB, and can provide the basis for early diagnosis of ES complicated with TB. It also provides new ideas for clinical treatment and diagnosis.
