With rapid industrialization and agricultural modernization in the past two decades, the Yangtze Delta Region in China has been one of the regions in the world most influenced by human activity. How has the economic d...With rapid industrialization and agricultural modernization in the past two decades, the Yangtze Delta Region in China has been one of the regions in the world most influenced by human activity. How has the economic development impacted on ecosystem, environment, agriculture and regional climate in this region ？ What are the mechanisms of the interactive processes and feedbacks？ What will be the future changes under different development scenarlos？ These are questions of critical importance to sustain the rate of social and economic development. A Major Project, The Physical-Chemical Processes in the Lower Atmosphere and Their Interaction with the Ecological System over Yangtze Delta, as one of the Ninth Five-Year Major Programs （1996-2000） funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, just focused on those questions. Under the leadership of Prof. Zhou Xiuji, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences this project has made significant achievements and great progress in answering the above questions.展开更多
[目的/意义]重大科技项目的立项决策,即在资源有限条件下选择支持什么、不支持什么,以及由谁来决策、如何决策,是项目管理的一个关键环节。本文旨在通过分析国际典型实践,探讨不同立项决策模式的特点与适用条件,为我国重大科技项目立项...[目的/意义]重大科技项目的立项决策,即在资源有限条件下选择支持什么、不支持什么,以及由谁来决策、如何决策,是项目管理的一个关键环节。本文旨在通过分析国际典型实践,探讨不同立项决策模式的特点与适用条件,为我国重大科技项目立项决策和管理提供现实启示。[方法/过程]本文以美国国防部高级研究计划局(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,DARPA)、美国能源部(United States Department of Energy,DOE)及欧盟的实践为案例,从决策主体、决策机制、优势与难点、适用范围与条件等方面,对以项目主管个人发挥决策主导作用的项目主管决策模式、以科学家小组和研究机构总部项目官员协同发挥决策主导作用的机构决策模式和以科学家小组相对独立发挥决策主导作用的科学家决策模式进行了分析比较。[结果/结论]研究表明,项目主管决策模式适用于目标明确、需求清晰的应用型科研项目;机构决策模式既需要科学家对项目是否体现科学前沿的把关,又需要管理者对机构如何更好地满足相应的国家需求的把关;科学家决策模式适用于目标开放、学科交叉性强的基础研究领域。这三种立项决策模式的研究结果对我国当前在重大科技项目立项决策和管理中,如何更好地体现各管理主体的特点和作用具有现实启示意义。展开更多
文摘With rapid industrialization and agricultural modernization in the past two decades, the Yangtze Delta Region in China has been one of the regions in the world most influenced by human activity. How has the economic development impacted on ecosystem, environment, agriculture and regional climate in this region ？ What are the mechanisms of the interactive processes and feedbacks？ What will be the future changes under different development scenarlos？ These are questions of critical importance to sustain the rate of social and economic development. A Major Project, The Physical-Chemical Processes in the Lower Atmosphere and Their Interaction with the Ecological System over Yangtze Delta, as one of the Ninth Five-Year Major Programs （1996-2000） funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, just focused on those questions. Under the leadership of Prof. Zhou Xiuji, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences this project has made significant achievements and great progress in answering the above questions.
文摘[目的/意义]重大科技项目的立项决策,即在资源有限条件下选择支持什么、不支持什么,以及由谁来决策、如何决策,是项目管理的一个关键环节。本文旨在通过分析国际典型实践,探讨不同立项决策模式的特点与适用条件,为我国重大科技项目立项决策和管理提供现实启示。[方法/过程]本文以美国国防部高级研究计划局(Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,DARPA)、美国能源部(United States Department of Energy,DOE)及欧盟的实践为案例,从决策主体、决策机制、优势与难点、适用范围与条件等方面,对以项目主管个人发挥决策主导作用的项目主管决策模式、以科学家小组和研究机构总部项目官员协同发挥决策主导作用的机构决策模式和以科学家小组相对独立发挥决策主导作用的科学家决策模式进行了分析比较。[结果/结论]研究表明,项目主管决策模式适用于目标明确、需求清晰的应用型科研项目;机构决策模式既需要科学家对项目是否体现科学前沿的把关,又需要管理者对机构如何更好地满足相应的国家需求的把关;科学家决策模式适用于目标开放、学科交叉性强的基础研究领域。这三种立项决策模式的研究结果对我国当前在重大科技项目立项决策和管理中,如何更好地体现各管理主体的特点和作用具有现实启示意义。
