This paper reports on the composition of fungal communities occurring on diseased tissues of Catharanthus roseus,which differed between organs.In total,ten different filamentous fungi were isolated,and the percentage ...This paper reports on the composition of fungal communities occurring on diseased tissues of Catharanthus roseus,which differed between organs.In total,ten different filamentous fungi were isolated,and the percentage of isolation varied significantly among the organs.Botrytis cinerea was the most prevalent fungus found on the plant’s aboveground parts,with a frequency exceeding 50%.On twigs,the occurrence rate was 95.6%.It was isolated from leaves with a frequency of 88%,followed by Aspergillus niger(71.66%),Alternaria alternata(67.33%),Cladosporium herbarum(61%),Fusarium oxysporum(50.66%),Epicoccum nigrum(57.66%),Curvularia lunata(49.66%),Trichoderma harzianum(40%),and Penicillium sp.(27%).Whereas,Fusarium genus was more represented and six species were recorded:F.subglutinans(26%),F.chlamydosporium(20%),F.vertillioides(15.66%),F.solani(10%),F.oxysporum and F.nivale.Results highlighted dissimilar distribution of Fusarium species was noted on Catharanthus tissues on which F.subglutinas,F.chlamydosporium and F.oxysporum coexist on leaves and roots while F.solani was retrieved from leaves against F.nivale from roots.The floral buds and pods harbored opportunist fungi such as B.cinerea,Alternaria alternata and E.nigrum.On roots,Aspergillus,Penicillium and Fusarium were the main genera occurring with the frequencies of 26%(F.chlamydosporium),40%(F.nivale),72.33%(A.niger),47.66%(A.flavus)and 37.66%(A.fumigatus).But no fungal species were detected on seeds of Catharanthus roseus.This is the first study to describe and enumerate the fungal complex associated with various symptoms on the aerial parts of Catharanthus roseus.展开更多
Sesame(Sesamum indicum)is usually contaminated with many fungi where some of them are mycotoxigenic causing economic and health problems.This study investigated the percentage composition of fungi contamination of ses...Sesame(Sesamum indicum)is usually contaminated with many fungi where some of them are mycotoxigenic causing economic and health problems.This study investigated the percentage composition of fungi contamination of sesame seeds in Benue state Nigeria.Using direct plating technique;the study revealed twelve species of fungi contamination in sesame seed obtained in Benue State.The percentage occurrence of fungal isolates shows that Aspergillus flavus and A.niger were found in all the locations and their occurrence was significantly different(P≤0.05).The percentage contamination of Sesame samples collected from Otukpo LGA has the highest fungal(23.35%)contamination and was significantly higher(P≤0.05)from samples of other places whereas Sesame contamination from Gboko was the least with total percentage of(12.05%).In conclusion,considering the benefits of sesame,it is recommended that several treatments should be applied to reduce the levels of contamination in sesame seeds before consumption utilization such as environmental conditions leading to fungal proliferation(a high temperature,humidity,poor soil fertility,drought and insect damage).Also poor harvesting practices,unsuitable storage conditions,improper transportation,marketing and processing should be discouraged.展开更多
Species of Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Mucor were found to dominate the rhizosphere of tea bushes in different regions of the Indian Himalayas. The Himachal Himalayas were dominated by Monilia humiscola ...Species of Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Mucor were found to dominate the rhizosphere of tea bushes in different regions of the Indian Himalayas. The Himachal Himalayas were dominated by Monilia humiscola (45.08%) and Mucor hiemalis (33.11%). In the Uttaranchal Himalayas, Aspergillus clavatum dominated the rhizosphere (54.01%), followed by A. flavous (20.07%). Although the fungal isolates require a mesophillic temperature (15 ℃ to 35 ℃), the tea rhizospheric isolates tolerate a wide range of temperatures (5 ℃ to 45 ℃). When tested for pH tolerance, these fungi showed a wide range (2.0 to 13.0) of pH tolerance under in vitro conditions. Seasonal variations also influenced the colony forming units (cfu) of the rhizospheric fungi, with the maximum forming in November and March, and the minimum in December^February. During this period, the populations of the fungi were found inversely proportional to the bacterial populations. In addition, the dominant bacteria in the tea rhizosphere, i.e., Bacillus subtilis and B. mycoides, showed antagonistic activity against fungal isolates by inhibiting the growth and causing structural abnormalities in mycelium. Tab 5, Ref展开更多
44 isolates of fungi were isolated from the xylem of the Pinus thunbergii samples(healthy stem,weak stem and withered stem)infected by the pine wilt disease caused by pine wood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,from...44 isolates of fungi were isolated from the xylem of the Pinus thunbergii samples(healthy stem,weak stem and withered stem)infected by the pine wilt disease caused by pine wood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,from infected trees at Zhoushan and Pinghu of Zhejiang Province in China,and these isolates were identified as:Trichoderma spp.,Penicillium spp.,Pestalotia spp.These identified isolates took 70.62% of total isolates of the fungi.Among the 12 isolates unidentified,one sporiferous fungus was found,the other 11 isolates were nonsporiferous.Trichoderma spp.was the dominant fungus in P.thunbergii,the total rate was 53.34%,followed by Penicillium spp.,18.89%.展开更多
文摘This paper reports on the composition of fungal communities occurring on diseased tissues of Catharanthus roseus,which differed between organs.In total,ten different filamentous fungi were isolated,and the percentage of isolation varied significantly among the organs.Botrytis cinerea was the most prevalent fungus found on the plant’s aboveground parts,with a frequency exceeding 50%.On twigs,the occurrence rate was 95.6%.It was isolated from leaves with a frequency of 88%,followed by Aspergillus niger(71.66%),Alternaria alternata(67.33%),Cladosporium herbarum(61%),Fusarium oxysporum(50.66%),Epicoccum nigrum(57.66%),Curvularia lunata(49.66%),Trichoderma harzianum(40%),and Penicillium sp.(27%).Whereas,Fusarium genus was more represented and six species were recorded:F.subglutinans(26%),F.chlamydosporium(20%),F.vertillioides(15.66%),F.solani(10%),F.oxysporum and F.nivale.Results highlighted dissimilar distribution of Fusarium species was noted on Catharanthus tissues on which F.subglutinas,F.chlamydosporium and F.oxysporum coexist on leaves and roots while F.solani was retrieved from leaves against F.nivale from roots.The floral buds and pods harbored opportunist fungi such as B.cinerea,Alternaria alternata and E.nigrum.On roots,Aspergillus,Penicillium and Fusarium were the main genera occurring with the frequencies of 26%(F.chlamydosporium),40%(F.nivale),72.33%(A.niger),47.66%(A.flavus)and 37.66%(A.fumigatus).But no fungal species were detected on seeds of Catharanthus roseus.This is the first study to describe and enumerate the fungal complex associated with various symptoms on the aerial parts of Catharanthus roseus.
文摘Sesame(Sesamum indicum)is usually contaminated with many fungi where some of them are mycotoxigenic causing economic and health problems.This study investigated the percentage composition of fungi contamination of sesame seeds in Benue state Nigeria.Using direct plating technique;the study revealed twelve species of fungi contamination in sesame seed obtained in Benue State.The percentage occurrence of fungal isolates shows that Aspergillus flavus and A.niger were found in all the locations and their occurrence was significantly different(P≤0.05).The percentage contamination of Sesame samples collected from Otukpo LGA has the highest fungal(23.35%)contamination and was significantly higher(P≤0.05)from samples of other places whereas Sesame contamination from Gboko was the least with total percentage of(12.05%).In conclusion,considering the benefits of sesame,it is recommended that several treatments should be applied to reduce the levels of contamination in sesame seeds before consumption utilization such as environmental conditions leading to fungal proliferation(a high temperature,humidity,poor soil fertility,drought and insect damage).Also poor harvesting practices,unsuitable storage conditions,improper transportation,marketing and processing should be discouraged.
文摘Species of Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Mucor were found to dominate the rhizosphere of tea bushes in different regions of the Indian Himalayas. The Himachal Himalayas were dominated by Monilia humiscola (45.08%) and Mucor hiemalis (33.11%). In the Uttaranchal Himalayas, Aspergillus clavatum dominated the rhizosphere (54.01%), followed by A. flavous (20.07%). Although the fungal isolates require a mesophillic temperature (15 ℃ to 35 ℃), the tea rhizospheric isolates tolerate a wide range of temperatures (5 ℃ to 45 ℃). When tested for pH tolerance, these fungi showed a wide range (2.0 to 13.0) of pH tolerance under in vitro conditions. Seasonal variations also influenced the colony forming units (cfu) of the rhizospheric fungi, with the maximum forming in November and March, and the minimum in December^February. During this period, the populations of the fungi were found inversely proportional to the bacterial populations. In addition, the dominant bacteria in the tea rhizosphere, i.e., Bacillus subtilis and B. mycoides, showed antagonistic activity against fungal isolates by inhibiting the growth and causing structural abnormalities in mycelium. Tab 5, Ref
文摘44 isolates of fungi were isolated from the xylem of the Pinus thunbergii samples(healthy stem,weak stem and withered stem)infected by the pine wilt disease caused by pine wood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,from infected trees at Zhoushan and Pinghu of Zhejiang Province in China,and these isolates were identified as:Trichoderma spp.,Penicillium spp.,Pestalotia spp.These identified isolates took 70.62% of total isolates of the fungi.Among the 12 isolates unidentified,one sporiferous fungus was found,the other 11 isolates were nonsporiferous.Trichoderma spp.was the dominant fungus in P.thunbergii,the total rate was 53.34%,followed by Penicillium spp.,18.89%.
