Objective:To investigate the anti-melanogenic potential of ligustroside isolated from Ligustrum japonicum.Methods:The cytotoxicity of ligustroside was tested via MTT assay.Furthermore,the effects of ligustroside on th...Objective:To investigate the anti-melanogenic potential of ligustroside isolated from Ligustrum japonicum.Methods:The cytotoxicity of ligustroside was tested via MTT assay.Furthermore,the effects of ligustroside on the expression of critical melanogenic markers such as tyrosinase,tyrosinase related proteins(TRPs),and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor(MITF)were analyzed at both mRNA and protein levels via RT-qPCR and Western blot,respectively,inα-melanocyte stimulating hormoneinduced B16F10 cells.In addition,phosphorylation of p38,ERK and JNK proteins was investigated.Immunofluorescence analysis of MITF was also conducted.Results:Ligustroside significantly reduced intracellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content by 37.11%and 29.12%,respectively,compared to untreated cells.Moreover,it downregulated the expression of MITF,tyrosinase,TRP-1,and TRP-2 at the mRNA and protein levels by regulating both the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and protein kinase A(PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB)signaling pathways.Ligustroside also suppressed the nuclear protein expression of MITF,β-catenin,and p-CREB,and decreased immunofluorescence intensity of nuclear MITF.Conclusions:Ligustroside derived from Ligustrum japonicum shows a significant anti-melanogenesis effect via suppression of the MAPK and PKA/CREB signaling pathways.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the anti-obesity and antibacterial effects of Ligustrum robustum(L. robustum) in vivoand in vitro and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: The effects of L. robustum aqueous extract(LR) on various gut...AIM: To investigate the anti-obesity and antibacterial effects of Ligustrum robustum(L. robustum) in vivoand in vitro and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: The effects of L. robustum aqueous extract(LR) on various gut bacteria in vitro were evaluated. The effects of LR on high-fat diet-fed(HFD) rats in vivo were also assessed. Culture methods,quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and terminalrestriction fragment length polymorphism were used to analyze the effects of LR on gut bacteria. Biochemical tests were also performed to detect the changes in obesity-related indicators after LR treatment. RESULTS: LR treatment lowered adipose weight and decreased Lee's index,blood glucose,total cholesterol,and lipid in the tested groups relative to control(P < 0.05). To determine the reasons for these changes,we assessed the potential bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of LR on specific bacterial species in vitro. LR affected the richness,diversity,and evenness of gut bacteria,increased fecal Lactobacillus,and decreased Enterococci in HFD rats(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: L. robustum may be a safe and effective food for weight loss and obesity control,and the effects of L. robustum might be mediated by the regulation of gut bacteria.展开更多
Two new phenethanol glycosides,named ligurobustoside P（1）,ligurobustoside Q（2） have been isolated from the leaves of Ligustrum robustum,together with the known compound angoroside A（3） which was firstly isolated...Two new phenethanol glycosides,named ligurobustoside P（1）,ligurobustoside Q（2） have been isolated from the leaves of Ligustrum robustum,together with the known compound angoroside A（3） which was firstly isolated from this species.The structures of the two new phenethanol glycosides（1-2） were elucidated by a combination of high-resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry（HR-ESI-MS）,~1H NMR,^（13）C NMR,HMQC,and HMBC spectra for the first time.展开更多
Ligustri lucidi Fructus is a traditional Chinese medicine and possesses various bioactivities,including hypoglycemic effect.Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers are poorly investigated.Thus,we hypothesized that L.lucidum flo...Ligustri lucidi Fructus is a traditional Chinese medicine and possesses various bioactivities,including hypoglycemic effect.Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers are poorly investigated.Thus,we hypothesized that L.lucidum flowers also could have hypoglycemic effect.Chemical composition and glucose uptake effect of L.lucidum flowers on 3T3-L1 adipocytes were investigated.In this study,the components of L.lucidum flowers were investigated by various chromatographic and spectroscopic methods and the effects of L.lucidum flowers on the induction of glucose uptake were investigated by 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Seven compounds were isolated and identified from L.lucidum flowers,including ursolic acid(1),kaempferol-7-O-α-Lrhamnoside(2,KR),β-sitosterol(3),β-daucosterol(4),kaempferitrin(5,KF),10-hydroxy oleuropein(6,HO),and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-7-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(7,KGR).The results of glucose uptake showed that total extract(TE),KR,KF and HO from L.lucidum flowers significantly enhanced glucose uptake.This study demonstrated that compounds 2,5-7 were isolated for the first time from this plant and compounds 2 and 7 were isolated for the first time in genus Ligustrum,L.lucidum flowers,KR,KF and HO may possess potential hypoglycemic effect.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To explore the hypolipidemic mechanisms of the total phenylpropanoid glycosides fromLigustrum robustum(Roxb.) Blume(LRTPG) in hamsters using proteomics technique.METHODS The hamsters were fed with a high fat...OBJECTIVE To explore the hypolipidemic mechanisms of the total phenylpropanoid glycosides fromLigustrum robustum(Roxb.) Blume(LRTPG) in hamsters using proteomics technique.METHODS The hamsters were fed with a high fat diet to induce hyperlipidemia.Then LRTPG of high(1.2 g·kg^(-1)),medium(0.6 g·kg^(-1)) and low(0.3 g·kg^(-1)) doses were administrated daily for 4 weeks.Then the concentrations of plasma and hepatic lipids were determined using enzymic methods.The total protein was extracted from livers of the model group and the group treated with the high dose of LRTPG for label-free quantitative proteomics.RESULTS LRTPG significantly reduced the concentrations of plasma and hepatic lipids in hamsters fed a high fat diet.The proteomics data showed that a total of 2231 proteins were identified,and 549 proteins were found to be differentially expressed between the model group and the group treated with LRTPG.Among the 549 proteins,93 proteins were up-regulated and 59 proteins were down-regulated,and 397 proteins were absent or not.And some of these proteins were much related to the lipid metabolism.Further,gene ontology(GO) analysis indicated metabolic process,transport,oxidation-reduction process,phosphorylation,signal transduction,lipid metabolic process were the main biological processes that those differentially expressed proteins participated.KEGG pathway analysis showed that those proteins were involved in several metabolic pathways including oxidative phosphorylation,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,cAMP signaling pathway,cGMP-PKG signaling pathway.CONCLUSION The proteomics study could provide valuable clues to help us to understand the hypolipidemic mechanisms of LRTPG much better.展开更多
In this study,we choose the street green space in Bayi District,Mainling Town of Mainling County and Zhamu Town of Bomê County in Nyingchi City as investigation sites.In each investigation site,we select the unda...In this study,we choose the street green space in Bayi District,Mainling Town of Mainling County and Zhamu Town of Bomê County in Nyingchi City as investigation sites.In each investigation site,we select the undamaged plant communities of moderate density as objects of investigation and record,and establish the investigation database.Based on the habitat records and natural ecological conditions,we analyze the growth adaptability of Ligustrum L.plants in Southeast Tibet and the key influencing factors.It is found that the Ligustrum L.plants introduced in Southeast Tibet mainly include Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,Ligustrum quihoui Carr.and Ligustrum vicaryi.The growth adaptability of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.plants is divided into high level,middle level and low level.According to the investigation results,the frequency of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.plants with good growth status is greater than 65%.In general,the plants are fond of light,and have certain tolerance to cold.They can be cultivated in open field and show good growth adaptability in Southeast Tibet,so these plants can be further applied.展开更多
By analyzing the introduction and ecological adaptability of Ligustrum japonicum“Howardi”in Shijiazhuang area,it is concluded that L.japonicum“Howardi”has the advantages of strong resistance,few diseases and pests...By analyzing the introduction and ecological adaptability of Ligustrum japonicum“Howardi”in Shijiazhuang area,it is concluded that L.japonicum“Howardi”has the advantages of strong resistance,few diseases and pests,and can overwinter in the open field in Shijiazhuang.Because of bright leaf color,it can be used as a hedge or collocated with other plants in the landscape,and has a good and extensive landscape application prospect.展开更多
Ligustrum purpurascens has been used as a traditional herb for over 2,000 years in China.This study was design to investigate the modulation of antiviral cytokines and reduction in lung inflammation of virus-infected ...Ligustrum purpurascens has been used as a traditional herb for over 2,000 years in China.This study was design to investigate the modulation of antiviral cytokines and reduction in lung inflammation of virus-infected mice by the glycosides isolated from Ligustrum purpurascens.Methods:Ligustrum purpurascens glycosides(LPG)were isolated from the leaves of Ligustrum purpurascens.Proliferation of spleen lymphocytes were investigated after LPG treatment.The in vitro and in vivo cytokine modulation of LPG was studied.Furthermore,the anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities of LPG,with the potential to reduce inflammatory lung disorders,were investigated by influenza A virus infected mice.Results:LPG could significantly promote the proliferation,and also could stimulate the production of IFN-γby spleen lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner.IFN-γexpression level was increased significantly compared to the control and presented a dose-dependent manner in vitro.Furthermore,LPG inhibit the expression of TNF-αand IL-10,which return to normal level in the cyclophosphamide-induced mice model in vivo.Besides,the histopathological analysis indicated LPG reduced acute lung injury in mice infected with influenza virus.Conclusion:This study suggested that LPG could increase the exression of IFN-γ,immunoregulation and decrease lung inflammation of virus-infected mice.展开更多
Objective: To examine the effect of the aqueous extract of Ligustrum robustum on tumor growth in vitro and in vivo and explore the possible molecular mechanisms. Methods: In in vitro study, cell viabilities of human c...Objective: To examine the effect of the aqueous extract of Ligustrum robustum on tumor growth in vitro and in vivo and explore the possible molecular mechanisms. Methods: In in vitro study, cell viabilities of human cervical carcinoma cells(HeLa), human breast cancer cells(MCF-7), human prostate cancer cells(PC-3),human hepatoma cells(7721) and human colon carcinoma cells(SW480) were evaluated with cell counting kit-8.For L. robustum-treated Hela cells, early or late apoptosis were evaluated by annexin V/PI staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by staining cells with JC-1. Apoptosis was monitored by nuclear morphology based on chromatin condensation and fragmentation by 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylinole(DAPI) staining. Caspase-3 and-8 activity levels were measured by a colorimetric assay. In vivo, to evaluate the possible mechanism of L. robustum-mediated antitumor effect, nude mouse xenograft study was also conducted. Results: In in vitro study, L. robustum was found to be toxic to HeLa, MCF-7, PC-3, 7721, SW480, with an half maximal inhibitory concentration value of 2–5 mg/mL(P<0.05). Moreover, externalization of phosphatidylserine, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation and activation of caspase-3 and-8 were detected in L. robustumtreated Hela cells. Using a nude mouse model bearing Hela xenografts, we found that L. robustum reduced tumor volume and tumor weight(P<0.05), but had no effect on body weight and histological damage of important organs. Intraperitoneal injection of L. robustum caused a signi?cant reduction in serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels(P<0.05). Furthermore, cleaved caspase-3-positive and terminal nucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)-positive cells were observed in L. robustum-treated tumor tissues.Conclusions: L. robustum inhibits tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis in a caspasedependent way without apparent hepatic toxicity and histological damage, which may offer partial scienti?c support for the ethnopharmacological claims of L. robustum as a herbal tea for its antitumor activity.展开更多
Biological invasion is considered one of the world’s most serious conservation biology issues.In a global review on invasive species,Richardson&Rejmanek(2011)indicated that over 40%of invasive trees and over 60%o...Biological invasion is considered one of the world’s most serious conservation biology issues.In a global review on invasive species,Richardson&Rejmanek(2011)indicated that over 40%of invasive trees and over 60%of invasive shrubs are dispersed by birds.Privet species(genus Ligustrum,Oleaceae)are typical ornithochorous species(Montaldo et al.2017;Fernandez et al.2020).展开更多
目的研究淫羊藿女贞子配伍改善哮喘大鼠内源性糖皮质激素(Glucocorticoids,GC)抑制的作用机制。方法SD雄性大鼠,随机分为5组,分别是正常组、模型组、淫羊藿组、女贞子组、配伍组。卵蛋白致敏及激发建立大鼠哮喘模型,灌胃给予药物治疗2...目的研究淫羊藿女贞子配伍改善哮喘大鼠内源性糖皮质激素(Glucocorticoids,GC)抑制的作用机制。方法SD雄性大鼠,随机分为5组,分别是正常组、模型组、淫羊藿组、女贞子组、配伍组。卵蛋白致敏及激发建立大鼠哮喘模型,灌胃给予药物治疗2周。酶联免疫法检测大鼠血清促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(Corticotropin-releasing hormone,CRH)、促肾上腺皮质激素(Adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH)、皮质酮(Corticosterone,CORT)水平,靶向代谢组学检测尿液内源性GC代谢物水平,免疫组化法检测肺羟基类固醇脱氢酶(Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase,HSD)11B1、HSD11B2,及肾上腺细胞色素P450家族11亚家族B成员1(Cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 1,CYP11B1)、类固醇生成因子1(Steroid generating factor 1,SF1)的蛋白表达,蛋白免疫印迹法检测肝组织CYP11B1、SF1、HSD11B1、HSD11B2的蛋白表达。结果淫羊藿女贞子单用或合用能升高模型大鼠血清CRH、ACTH、CORT含量,改善尿液内源性GC代谢紊乱,上调肺组织HSD11B1、HSD11B2蛋白表达,肾上腺CYP11B1、SF1蛋白表达,肝组织HSD11B2、CYP11B1的蛋白表达。结论补肾药淫羊藿女贞子治疗哮喘的作用与调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、调节GC合成或代谢途径关键因子表达、上调内源性GC水平,改善内源性GC紊乱有关。展开更多
基金supported by the BB21plus funded by Busan Metropolitan City and Busan Techno Park,and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2023R1A2C1006268 and RS-2023-00212560).
文摘Objective:To investigate the anti-melanogenic potential of ligustroside isolated from Ligustrum japonicum.Methods:The cytotoxicity of ligustroside was tested via MTT assay.Furthermore,the effects of ligustroside on the expression of critical melanogenic markers such as tyrosinase,tyrosinase related proteins(TRPs),and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor(MITF)were analyzed at both mRNA and protein levels via RT-qPCR and Western blot,respectively,inα-melanocyte stimulating hormoneinduced B16F10 cells.In addition,phosphorylation of p38,ERK and JNK proteins was investigated.Immunofluorescence analysis of MITF was also conducted.Results:Ligustroside significantly reduced intracellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content by 37.11%and 29.12%,respectively,compared to untreated cells.Moreover,it downregulated the expression of MITF,tyrosinase,TRP-1,and TRP-2 at the mRNA and protein levels by regulating both the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and protein kinase A(PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB)signaling pathways.Ligustroside also suppressed the nuclear protein expression of MITF,β-catenin,and p-CREB,and decreased immunofluorescence intensity of nuclear MITF.Conclusions:Ligustroside derived from Ligustrum japonicum shows a significant anti-melanogenesis effect via suppression of the MAPK and PKA/CREB signaling pathways.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNo.81273055+3 种基金Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and TechnologyNo.2014JY0001The Youth Foundation of Sichuan UniversityNo.2012SCU11099
文摘AIM: To investigate the anti-obesity and antibacterial effects of Ligustrum robustum(L. robustum) in vivoand in vitro and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: The effects of L. robustum aqueous extract(LR) on various gut bacteria in vitro were evaluated. The effects of LR on high-fat diet-fed(HFD) rats in vivo were also assessed. Culture methods,quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and terminalrestriction fragment length polymorphism were used to analyze the effects of LR on gut bacteria. Biochemical tests were also performed to detect the changes in obesity-related indicators after LR treatment. RESULTS: LR treatment lowered adipose weight and decreased Lee's index,blood glucose,total cholesterol,and lipid in the tested groups relative to control(P < 0.05). To determine the reasons for these changes,we assessed the potential bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of LR on specific bacterial species in vitro. LR affected the richness,diversity,and evenness of gut bacteria,increased fecal Lactobacillus,and decreased Enterococci in HFD rats(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: L. robustum may be a safe and effective food for weight loss and obesity control,and the effects of L. robustum might be mediated by the regulation of gut bacteria.
基金financially supported by a grant(No200800230040)from Doctoral Station Foundation of the national colleges and universitiesA grant(No2009ZX09301-003)from National Important Sciences Special Purpose Foundation of China
文摘Two new phenethanol glycosides,named ligurobustoside P（1）,ligurobustoside Q（2） have been isolated from the leaves of Ligustrum robustum,together with the known compound angoroside A（3） which was firstly isolated from this species.The structures of the two new phenethanol glycosides（1-2） were elucidated by a combination of high-resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry（HR-ESI-MS）,~1H NMR,^（13）C NMR,HMQC,and HMBC spectra for the first time.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31900292)Key Project in Science and Technology Agency of Henan Province(182102410083).
文摘Ligustri lucidi Fructus is a traditional Chinese medicine and possesses various bioactivities,including hypoglycemic effect.Ligustrum lucidum Ait flowers are poorly investigated.Thus,we hypothesized that L.lucidum flowers also could have hypoglycemic effect.Chemical composition and glucose uptake effect of L.lucidum flowers on 3T3-L1 adipocytes were investigated.In this study,the components of L.lucidum flowers were investigated by various chromatographic and spectroscopic methods and the effects of L.lucidum flowers on the induction of glucose uptake were investigated by 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Seven compounds were isolated and identified from L.lucidum flowers,including ursolic acid(1),kaempferol-7-O-α-Lrhamnoside(2,KR),β-sitosterol(3),β-daucosterol(4),kaempferitrin(5,KF),10-hydroxy oleuropein(6,HO),and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-7-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(7,KGR).The results of glucose uptake showed that total extract(TE),KR,KF and HO from L.lucidum flowers significantly enhanced glucose uptake.This study demonstrated that compounds 2,5-7 were isolated for the first time from this plant and compounds 2 and 7 were isolated for the first time in genus Ligustrum,L.lucidum flowers,KR,KF and HO may possess potential hypoglycemic effect.
基金supported by the PUMC(Peking Union Medical College)Youth Fund(3332015142) National Natural Science Foundation of China(81703746)
文摘OBJECTIVE To explore the hypolipidemic mechanisms of the total phenylpropanoid glycosides fromLigustrum robustum(Roxb.) Blume(LRTPG) in hamsters using proteomics technique.METHODS The hamsters were fed with a high fat diet to induce hyperlipidemia.Then LRTPG of high(1.2 g·kg^(-1)),medium(0.6 g·kg^(-1)) and low(0.3 g·kg^(-1)) doses were administrated daily for 4 weeks.Then the concentrations of plasma and hepatic lipids were determined using enzymic methods.The total protein was extracted from livers of the model group and the group treated with the high dose of LRTPG for label-free quantitative proteomics.RESULTS LRTPG significantly reduced the concentrations of plasma and hepatic lipids in hamsters fed a high fat diet.The proteomics data showed that a total of 2231 proteins were identified,and 549 proteins were found to be differentially expressed between the model group and the group treated with LRTPG.Among the 549 proteins,93 proteins were up-regulated and 59 proteins were down-regulated,and 397 proteins were absent or not.And some of these proteins were much related to the lipid metabolism.Further,gene ontology(GO) analysis indicated metabolic process,transport,oxidation-reduction process,phosphorylation,signal transduction,lipid metabolic process were the main biological processes that those differentially expressed proteins participated.KEGG pathway analysis showed that those proteins were involved in several metabolic pathways including oxidative phosphorylation,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,cAMP signaling pathway,cGMP-PKG signaling pathway.CONCLUSION The proteomics study could provide valuable clues to help us to understand the hypolipidemic mechanisms of LRTPG much better.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Tibet Autonomous Region(2016-ZR-15-42)
文摘In this study,we choose the street green space in Bayi District,Mainling Town of Mainling County and Zhamu Town of Bomê County in Nyingchi City as investigation sites.In each investigation site,we select the undamaged plant communities of moderate density as objects of investigation and record,and establish the investigation database.Based on the habitat records and natural ecological conditions,we analyze the growth adaptability of Ligustrum L.plants in Southeast Tibet and the key influencing factors.It is found that the Ligustrum L.plants introduced in Southeast Tibet mainly include Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,Ligustrum quihoui Carr.and Ligustrum vicaryi.The growth adaptability of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.plants is divided into high level,middle level and low level.According to the investigation results,the frequency of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.plants with good growth status is greater than 65%.In general,the plants are fond of light,and have certain tolerance to cold.They can be cultivated in open field and show good growth adaptability in Southeast Tibet,so these plants can be further applied.
文摘By analyzing the introduction and ecological adaptability of Ligustrum japonicum“Howardi”in Shijiazhuang area,it is concluded that L.japonicum“Howardi”has the advantages of strong resistance,few diseases and pests,and can overwinter in the open field in Shijiazhuang.Because of bright leaf color,it can be used as a hedge or collocated with other plants in the landscape,and has a good and extensive landscape application prospect.
基金This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Education Department of Guangdong Province(2020KZDZX1172)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund(2020A1515111169)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,31670360 and U1702286)Natural Science Foundation of SZU 860-000002110131.
文摘Ligustrum purpurascens has been used as a traditional herb for over 2,000 years in China.This study was design to investigate the modulation of antiviral cytokines and reduction in lung inflammation of virus-infected mice by the glycosides isolated from Ligustrum purpurascens.Methods:Ligustrum purpurascens glycosides(LPG)were isolated from the leaves of Ligustrum purpurascens.Proliferation of spleen lymphocytes were investigated after LPG treatment.The in vitro and in vivo cytokine modulation of LPG was studied.Furthermore,the anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities of LPG,with the potential to reduce inflammatory lung disorders,were investigated by influenza A virus infected mice.Results:LPG could significantly promote the proliferation,and also could stimulate the production of IFN-γby spleen lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner.IFN-γexpression level was increased significantly compared to the control and presented a dose-dependent manner in vitro.Furthermore,LPG inhibit the expression of TNF-αand IL-10,which return to normal level in the cyclophosphamide-induced mice model in vivo.Besides,the histopathological analysis indicated LPG reduced acute lung injury in mice infected with influenza virus.Conclusion:This study suggested that LPG could increase the exression of IFN-γ,immunoregulation and decrease lung inflammation of virus-infected mice.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81603018 and No.81273055)Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2014JY0001)
文摘Objective: To examine the effect of the aqueous extract of Ligustrum robustum on tumor growth in vitro and in vivo and explore the possible molecular mechanisms. Methods: In in vitro study, cell viabilities of human cervical carcinoma cells(HeLa), human breast cancer cells(MCF-7), human prostate cancer cells(PC-3),human hepatoma cells(7721) and human colon carcinoma cells(SW480) were evaluated with cell counting kit-8.For L. robustum-treated Hela cells, early or late apoptosis were evaluated by annexin V/PI staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by staining cells with JC-1. Apoptosis was monitored by nuclear morphology based on chromatin condensation and fragmentation by 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylinole(DAPI) staining. Caspase-3 and-8 activity levels were measured by a colorimetric assay. In vivo, to evaluate the possible mechanism of L. robustum-mediated antitumor effect, nude mouse xenograft study was also conducted. Results: In in vitro study, L. robustum was found to be toxic to HeLa, MCF-7, PC-3, 7721, SW480, with an half maximal inhibitory concentration value of 2–5 mg/mL(P<0.05). Moreover, externalization of phosphatidylserine, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation and activation of caspase-3 and-8 were detected in L. robustumtreated Hela cells. Using a nude mouse model bearing Hela xenografts, we found that L. robustum reduced tumor volume and tumor weight(P<0.05), but had no effect on body weight and histological damage of important organs. Intraperitoneal injection of L. robustum caused a signi?cant reduction in serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels(P<0.05). Furthermore, cleaved caspase-3-positive and terminal nucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)-positive cells were observed in L. robustum-treated tumor tissues.Conclusions: L. robustum inhibits tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis in a caspasedependent way without apparent hepatic toxicity and histological damage, which may offer partial scienti?c support for the ethnopharmacological claims of L. robustum as a herbal tea for its antitumor activity.
基金Support for this study was provided by grants from the Key Project of Basic Research of Yunnan Province,China(202101AS070035)the Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young&Elite Talents Project(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071653)。
文摘Biological invasion is considered one of the world’s most serious conservation biology issues.In a global review on invasive species,Richardson&Rejmanek(2011)indicated that over 40%of invasive trees and over 60%of invasive shrubs are dispersed by birds.Privet species(genus Ligustrum,Oleaceae)are typical ornithochorous species(Montaldo et al.2017;Fernandez et al.2020).
文摘目的研究淫羊藿女贞子配伍改善哮喘大鼠内源性糖皮质激素(Glucocorticoids,GC)抑制的作用机制。方法SD雄性大鼠,随机分为5组,分别是正常组、模型组、淫羊藿组、女贞子组、配伍组。卵蛋白致敏及激发建立大鼠哮喘模型,灌胃给予药物治疗2周。酶联免疫法检测大鼠血清促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(Corticotropin-releasing hormone,CRH)、促肾上腺皮质激素(Adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH)、皮质酮(Corticosterone,CORT)水平,靶向代谢组学检测尿液内源性GC代谢物水平,免疫组化法检测肺羟基类固醇脱氢酶(Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase,HSD)11B1、HSD11B2,及肾上腺细胞色素P450家族11亚家族B成员1(Cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 1,CYP11B1)、类固醇生成因子1(Steroid generating factor 1,SF1)的蛋白表达,蛋白免疫印迹法检测肝组织CYP11B1、SF1、HSD11B1、HSD11B2的蛋白表达。结果淫羊藿女贞子单用或合用能升高模型大鼠血清CRH、ACTH、CORT含量,改善尿液内源性GC代谢紊乱,上调肺组织HSD11B1、HSD11B2蛋白表达,肾上腺CYP11B1、SF1蛋白表达,肝组织HSD11B2、CYP11B1的蛋白表达。结论补肾药淫羊藿女贞子治疗哮喘的作用与调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、调节GC合成或代谢途径关键因子表达、上调内源性GC水平,改善内源性GC紊乱有关。
