International investment constitutes a key dimension of high-quality cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative.However,affected by unilateralism,protectionist measures,and growing regulatory uncertainty,it faces ...International investment constitutes a key dimension of high-quality cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative.However,affected by unilateralism,protectionist measures,and growing regulatory uncertainty,it faces increasingly complex and diverse risks.Deepening the rule of law cooperation based on an international order governed by international law is not only a fundamental way to mitigate investment risks associated with the Belt and Road Initiative but also an essential requirement for building a more just and reasonable system of global economic governance.At present,investment rule of law cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative faces three main challenges:limited legal cooperation capacity among some participating countries at the subject level,insufficient coordination between hard law and soft law at the normative level,and relatively weak regional enforcement and dispute-prevention mechanisms at the implementation level.To advance regional investment rule of law cooperation and promote the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative,China should foster consultative governance on investment rule of law cooperation among partner countries,comprehensively upgrade hard law and soft law instruments regulating investment,and strengthen enforcement and dispute settlement capacity,thereby contributing a more just,reasonable,and inclusive model of investment governance to the world.展开更多
为探究黑龙江流域碳储量的时空变化,并对该流域未来的碳储量情况进行分情景的模拟预测,笔者在黑龙江流域对比3个元胞自动机模型,选定并利用斑块生成土地覆盖模拟模型(patch generating land use simulation,PLUS)耦合生态系统服务和交...为探究黑龙江流域碳储量的时空变化,并对该流域未来的碳储量情况进行分情景的模拟预测,笔者在黑龙江流域对比3个元胞自动机模型,选定并利用斑块生成土地覆盖模拟模型(patch generating land use simulation,PLUS)耦合生态系统服务和交易的综合评估模型(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs,InVEST)来模拟黑龙江流域未来的土地利用和土地覆盖(land use and land cover,LULC)以及碳储量演变,开展大尺度跨国LULC演变和碳储量变化研究。结果表明:(1)PLUS模型对于黑龙江流域的大尺度跨国LULC模拟有较好的精度(OA=0.897 2,Kappa=0.842 6)。(2)2000—2020年,黑龙江流域内的土地覆盖转变以林地、耕地和草地之间的转变为主,同时人造地表迅速扩张,挤占耕地面积。气温和降水是林地、草地和耕地扩张的重要驱动因素,耕地的扩展因素还和GDP有较大的关系。(3)PLUS模型耦合InVEST模型能够实现在黑龙江流域的碳储量变化分析和预测。从2000到2020年,黑龙江流域内的碳储量先减少后增加,总体减少了3.171×10^(7) t,其中中国部分的碳储量减少1.930×10^(7)t,俄罗斯部分减少0.090×10^(7)t,蒙古国部分减少0.017×10^(7)t。分情景预测2030年的LULC和碳储量,生态保护优先情景的碳储量最大,达到了619.350×10^(7)t,中国部分增加0.530×10^(7)t,达到325.110×10^(7)t,俄罗斯部分增加0.010×10^(7)t,达到249.250×10^(7)t,蒙古国部分减少0.180×10^(7)t,达到44.990×10^(7)t。研究表明人类活动与自然环境在实现碳中和中的重要性,并指出应采取生态保护措施以提升区域碳储量水平。展开更多
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.20CFX083)。
文摘International investment constitutes a key dimension of high-quality cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative.However,affected by unilateralism,protectionist measures,and growing regulatory uncertainty,it faces increasingly complex and diverse risks.Deepening the rule of law cooperation based on an international order governed by international law is not only a fundamental way to mitigate investment risks associated with the Belt and Road Initiative but also an essential requirement for building a more just and reasonable system of global economic governance.At present,investment rule of law cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative faces three main challenges:limited legal cooperation capacity among some participating countries at the subject level,insufficient coordination between hard law and soft law at the normative level,and relatively weak regional enforcement and dispute-prevention mechanisms at the implementation level.To advance regional investment rule of law cooperation and promote the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative,China should foster consultative governance on investment rule of law cooperation among partner countries,comprehensively upgrade hard law and soft law instruments regulating investment,and strengthen enforcement and dispute settlement capacity,thereby contributing a more just,reasonable,and inclusive model of investment governance to the world.
文摘为探究黑龙江流域碳储量的时空变化,并对该流域未来的碳储量情况进行分情景的模拟预测,笔者在黑龙江流域对比3个元胞自动机模型,选定并利用斑块生成土地覆盖模拟模型(patch generating land use simulation,PLUS)耦合生态系统服务和交易的综合评估模型(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs,InVEST)来模拟黑龙江流域未来的土地利用和土地覆盖(land use and land cover,LULC)以及碳储量演变,开展大尺度跨国LULC演变和碳储量变化研究。结果表明:(1)PLUS模型对于黑龙江流域的大尺度跨国LULC模拟有较好的精度(OA=0.897 2,Kappa=0.842 6)。(2)2000—2020年,黑龙江流域内的土地覆盖转变以林地、耕地和草地之间的转变为主,同时人造地表迅速扩张,挤占耕地面积。气温和降水是林地、草地和耕地扩张的重要驱动因素,耕地的扩展因素还和GDP有较大的关系。(3)PLUS模型耦合InVEST模型能够实现在黑龙江流域的碳储量变化分析和预测。从2000到2020年,黑龙江流域内的碳储量先减少后增加,总体减少了3.171×10^(7) t,其中中国部分的碳储量减少1.930×10^(7)t,俄罗斯部分减少0.090×10^(7)t,蒙古国部分减少0.017×10^(7)t。分情景预测2030年的LULC和碳储量,生态保护优先情景的碳储量最大,达到了619.350×10^(7)t,中国部分增加0.530×10^(7)t,达到325.110×10^(7)t,俄罗斯部分增加0.010×10^(7)t,达到249.250×10^(7)t,蒙古国部分减少0.180×10^(7)t,达到44.990×10^(7)t。研究表明人类活动与自然环境在实现碳中和中的重要性,并指出应采取生态保护措施以提升区域碳储量水平。
