目的探讨血清表面活性蛋白D(surfactant protein D,SP-D)、黏蛋白1(mucin 1,MUC1)、锌指蛋白A20(zinc finger protein A20,A20)水平对输血相关性急性肺损伤(transfusion-related acute lung injury,TRALI)患者临床预后的预测价值,以期...目的探讨血清表面活性蛋白D(surfactant protein D,SP-D)、黏蛋白1(mucin 1,MUC1)、锌指蛋白A20(zinc finger protein A20,A20)水平对输血相关性急性肺损伤(transfusion-related acute lung injury,TRALI)患者临床预后的预测价值,以期临床个体化干预提供参考。方法选取2020年3月—2025年3月河北省胸科医院收治的TRALI患者249例为研究对象,根据输血后30 d内预后情况,分别纳入预后良好组(178例)、预后不良组(71例)。比较2组一般临床资料及血清SP-D、MUC1、A20水平,Logistic回归分析血清SP-D、MUC1、A20水平对TRALI患者预后不良的影响因素,受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析血清SP-D、MUC1、A20水平单独及联合检测对预后不良的预测效能,并采用一致性分析进行外部验证。结果2组输血次数、发血至输血时间、过敏史、急性生理与慢性健康评分系统Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);预后不良组血清SP-D、MUC1、A20水平分别为(89.54±21.36)g/L、(22.97±5.14)kU/L、(14.53±1.96)mg/L,明显高于预后良好组的(78.61±18.05)g/L、(16.28±4.32)kU/L、(12.67±1.84)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,输血次数、发血至输血时间、过敏史均是TRALI患者预后不良的影响因素(P<0.05),APACHEⅡ评分及血清SP-D、MUC1、A20均与TRALI患者预后不良显著相关(P<0.05);ROC分析显示,血清SP-D、MUC1、A20联合预测预后不良的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.904(95%CI:0.860~0.938),优于各指标单独预测价值(Z=2.507、3.016、3.042,均P<0.05),且外部验证显示,联合预测预后不良与临床实际的符合率为95.00%,Kappa值为0.870(95%CI:0.617~0.982)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血清SP-D、MUC1、A20均是TRALI患者预后不良的独立影响因素,联合检测对预后不良具有较高预测价值,可作为TRALI患者预后的潜在预测因子,并可指导临床工作。展开更多
Background and objectives:A long-term high-fat diet(HFD)exerts lipotoxic effects on multiple organs,particularly the liver,leading to metabolic diseases.This study aimed to delineate the dynamic effects of HFD on lipi...Background and objectives:A long-term high-fat diet(HFD)exerts lipotoxic effects on multiple organs,particularly the liver,leading to metabolic diseases.This study aimed to delineate the dynamic effects of HFD on lipid metabolism,elucidate the mechanisms underlying hepatic lipotoxicity,and investigate the protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum against lipotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were fed either a 45%or 60%HFD,followed by measurements of body composition,serum lipid profile,and liver pathology at four,eight,twelve,and sixteen weeks.Inflammatory responses,the unfolded protein response(UPR),and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-phagy were examined in the livers of mice at 16 weeks.Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups(n=12 per group):normal diet,45%HFD,and two HFD+Ganoderma lucidum water extract(GLE)groups(1 g/kg/d and 2 g/kg/d of crude drug,orally administered by gavage for eight weeks following a four-week HFD induction).Results:Body weight,body fat,serum lipids,and hepatic steatosis increased progressively,accompanied by impaired glucose tolerance and liver injury,as indicated by elevated serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels.HFD also induced activation of the STING and NF-κB signaling pathways,as well as the PERK and IRE1 branches of the UPR.Similarly,ER-phagy selective receptors,particularly FAM134B,which is primarily expressed in hepatocytes as shown by single-cell sequencing,were upregulated after 16 weeks of HFD feeding.Furthermore,GLE mitigated palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in primary hepatocytes,as evidenced by improved cell viability,reduced ALT,AST,and lactate dehydrogenase levels in the culture supernatant,and decreased transferase dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cell counts.In 45%HFD-fed mice,GLE reduced serum total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein,and hepatic triglyceride levels.Conclusions:HFD-induced lipotoxicity causes hepatic tissue injury and inflammatory responses,which may be alleviated by coordinated regulation of compensatory UPR and ER-phagy.Ganoderma lucidum shows promise as a dietary supplement for managing metabolic disorders.展开更多
Objective The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors(TFs)are pivotal in regulating fungal growth,development,and secondary metabolism.However,the knowledge about the Ganoderma lucidum bHLHs(GlbHLHs)in ganod...Objective The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors(TFs)are pivotal in regulating fungal growth,development,and secondary metabolism.However,the knowledge about the Ganoderma lucidum bHLHs(GlbHLHs)in ganoderic acid(GA)biosynthesis of G.lucidum was limited.This study aimed to explore the functions of bHLH genes in ganoderic acid biosynthesis during G.lucidum growth development.Methods First,the genome-wide identification of GlbHLHs was performed through Hidden Markov model searches and Two-way blast.Furthermore,through physicochemical properties,gene structure,and phylogenetic analysis,as well as combining the transcriptome and metabolome data from different developmental stages of G.lucidum,candidate GlbHLHs were screened.Subsequently,their regulatory roles in ganoderic acid biosynthesis were explored using yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays.Results A total of 11 GlbHLH members were characterized in G.lucidum.The upstream promoter regions of these genes enriched hormones and abiotic stress responsive elements.Although individual ganoderic acid monomers demonstrated marked differences in accumulation patterns across specific growth phases and tissue types,overall,the total GA content was consistently higher in caps than in stipes throughout development.In addition,all GlbHLHs exhibited high expression in whole G.lucidum from the primordium to maturation stages.Among them,GlbHLH5 and GlbHLH7 showed the highest expression in any stage and highly correlated with key genes associated with GA pathway.Functional validation through dual-luciferase assays and yeast one-hybrid experiments had demonstrated that GlbHLH5 activated the P2 region of the lanosterol synthase promoter,while GlbHLH7 activated the promoters of squalene epoxidase and squalene synthase.Conclusion Compared to plants,G.lucidum harbored a small number of bHLH members but all high expression in any stages.Additionally,GlbHLH5 and GlbHLH7 with the highest expression among GlbHLHs showed activation in regulating the biosynthesis of GA.These results provide a theoretical reference for further research on ganoderic acid regulation in G.lucidum,and thereby providing a molecular foundation for enhancing ganoderic acid yield to optimize the medicinal value of G.lucidum.展开更多
根据《实施卫生与植物卫生措施协定》(Agreementon the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures,简称《SPS协定》)中的透明度原则,成员应保证迅速公布所有拟采用的但尚没有对应的国际标准、指南或建议或与其在内容实质上...根据《实施卫生与植物卫生措施协定》(Agreementon the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures,简称《SPS协定》)中的透明度原则,成员应保证迅速公布所有拟采用的但尚没有对应的国际标准、指南或建议或与其在内容实质上不同的,且可能对其他成员贸易产生重大影响的卫生与植物卫生措施,以使利益相关方知晓。通报统计分析1.通报数量2026年1月,共有42个国家(地区)或组织向WTO秘书处发送194件SPS通报,提交通报数量位列前十位的成员依次是:巴西(23件)、巴拿马(20件)、欧盟(17件)、日本(17件)、哥斯达黎加(8件)、坦桑尼亚(8件)、印度(7件)、尼加拉瓜(7件)、智利(6件)和中国台湾(6件)。展开更多
文摘目的探讨血清表面活性蛋白D(surfactant protein D,SP-D)、黏蛋白1(mucin 1,MUC1)、锌指蛋白A20(zinc finger protein A20,A20)水平对输血相关性急性肺损伤(transfusion-related acute lung injury,TRALI)患者临床预后的预测价值,以期临床个体化干预提供参考。方法选取2020年3月—2025年3月河北省胸科医院收治的TRALI患者249例为研究对象,根据输血后30 d内预后情况,分别纳入预后良好组(178例)、预后不良组(71例)。比较2组一般临床资料及血清SP-D、MUC1、A20水平,Logistic回归分析血清SP-D、MUC1、A20水平对TRALI患者预后不良的影响因素,受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析血清SP-D、MUC1、A20水平单独及联合检测对预后不良的预测效能,并采用一致性分析进行外部验证。结果2组输血次数、发血至输血时间、过敏史、急性生理与慢性健康评分系统Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);预后不良组血清SP-D、MUC1、A20水平分别为(89.54±21.36)g/L、(22.97±5.14)kU/L、(14.53±1.96)mg/L,明显高于预后良好组的(78.61±18.05)g/L、(16.28±4.32)kU/L、(12.67±1.84)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,输血次数、发血至输血时间、过敏史均是TRALI患者预后不良的影响因素(P<0.05),APACHEⅡ评分及血清SP-D、MUC1、A20均与TRALI患者预后不良显著相关(P<0.05);ROC分析显示,血清SP-D、MUC1、A20联合预测预后不良的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.904(95%CI:0.860~0.938),优于各指标单独预测价值(Z=2.507、3.016、3.042,均P<0.05),且外部验证显示,联合预测预后不良与临床实际的符合率为95.00%,Kappa值为0.870(95%CI:0.617~0.982)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血清SP-D、MUC1、A20均是TRALI患者预后不良的独立影响因素,联合检测对预后不良具有较高预测价值,可作为TRALI患者预后的潜在预测因子,并可指导临床工作。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204739)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,2021-I2M-1-048).
文摘Background and objectives:A long-term high-fat diet(HFD)exerts lipotoxic effects on multiple organs,particularly the liver,leading to metabolic diseases.This study aimed to delineate the dynamic effects of HFD on lipid metabolism,elucidate the mechanisms underlying hepatic lipotoxicity,and investigate the protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum against lipotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were fed either a 45%or 60%HFD,followed by measurements of body composition,serum lipid profile,and liver pathology at four,eight,twelve,and sixteen weeks.Inflammatory responses,the unfolded protein response(UPR),and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-phagy were examined in the livers of mice at 16 weeks.Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups(n=12 per group):normal diet,45%HFD,and two HFD+Ganoderma lucidum water extract(GLE)groups(1 g/kg/d and 2 g/kg/d of crude drug,orally administered by gavage for eight weeks following a four-week HFD induction).Results:Body weight,body fat,serum lipids,and hepatic steatosis increased progressively,accompanied by impaired glucose tolerance and liver injury,as indicated by elevated serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels.HFD also induced activation of the STING and NF-κB signaling pathways,as well as the PERK and IRE1 branches of the UPR.Similarly,ER-phagy selective receptors,particularly FAM134B,which is primarily expressed in hepatocytes as shown by single-cell sequencing,were upregulated after 16 weeks of HFD feeding.Furthermore,GLE mitigated palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in primary hepatocytes,as evidenced by improved cell viability,reduced ALT,AST,and lactate dehydrogenase levels in the culture supernatant,and decreased transferase dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cell counts.In 45%HFD-fed mice,GLE reduced serum total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein,and hepatic triglyceride levels.Conclusions:HFD-induced lipotoxicity causes hepatic tissue injury and inflammatory responses,which may be alleviated by coordinated regulation of compensatory UPR and ER-phagy.Ganoderma lucidum shows promise as a dietary supplement for managing metabolic disorders.
基金funding from the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.CI2021A04008)National Key Research and Development Project(No.2023YFC3504104)+2 种基金Hangzhou Joint Fund of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LHZSZ24H280003)Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding(No.2021C02073)Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(No.2024ZY01009).
文摘Objective The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors(TFs)are pivotal in regulating fungal growth,development,and secondary metabolism.However,the knowledge about the Ganoderma lucidum bHLHs(GlbHLHs)in ganoderic acid(GA)biosynthesis of G.lucidum was limited.This study aimed to explore the functions of bHLH genes in ganoderic acid biosynthesis during G.lucidum growth development.Methods First,the genome-wide identification of GlbHLHs was performed through Hidden Markov model searches and Two-way blast.Furthermore,through physicochemical properties,gene structure,and phylogenetic analysis,as well as combining the transcriptome and metabolome data from different developmental stages of G.lucidum,candidate GlbHLHs were screened.Subsequently,their regulatory roles in ganoderic acid biosynthesis were explored using yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays.Results A total of 11 GlbHLH members were characterized in G.lucidum.The upstream promoter regions of these genes enriched hormones and abiotic stress responsive elements.Although individual ganoderic acid monomers demonstrated marked differences in accumulation patterns across specific growth phases and tissue types,overall,the total GA content was consistently higher in caps than in stipes throughout development.In addition,all GlbHLHs exhibited high expression in whole G.lucidum from the primordium to maturation stages.Among them,GlbHLH5 and GlbHLH7 showed the highest expression in any stage and highly correlated with key genes associated with GA pathway.Functional validation through dual-luciferase assays and yeast one-hybrid experiments had demonstrated that GlbHLH5 activated the P2 region of the lanosterol synthase promoter,while GlbHLH7 activated the promoters of squalene epoxidase and squalene synthase.Conclusion Compared to plants,G.lucidum harbored a small number of bHLH members but all high expression in any stages.Additionally,GlbHLH5 and GlbHLH7 with the highest expression among GlbHLHs showed activation in regulating the biosynthesis of GA.These results provide a theoretical reference for further research on ganoderic acid regulation in G.lucidum,and thereby providing a molecular foundation for enhancing ganoderic acid yield to optimize the medicinal value of G.lucidum.
文摘根据《实施卫生与植物卫生措施协定》(Agreementon the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures,简称《SPS协定》)中的透明度原则,成员应保证迅速公布所有拟采用的但尚没有对应的国际标准、指南或建议或与其在内容实质上不同的,且可能对其他成员贸易产生重大影响的卫生与植物卫生措施,以使利益相关方知晓。通报统计分析1.通报数量2026年1月,共有42个国家(地区)或组织向WTO秘书处发送194件SPS通报,提交通报数量位列前十位的成员依次是:巴西(23件)、巴拿马(20件)、欧盟(17件)、日本(17件)、哥斯达黎加(8件)、坦桑尼亚(8件)、印度(7件)、尼加拉瓜(7件)、智利(6件)和中国台湾(6件)。
