Modal choice models applied to interregional or international freight transportation network models are often based on rather coarse origin-destination matrices, containing annual transported tonnages between (sub)reg...Modal choice models applied to interregional or international freight transportation network models are often based on rather coarse origin-destination matrices, containing annual transported tonnages between (sub)regions, for instance. Generally, only basic (sometimes constructed) independent variables (transportation costs or transit times) are used because other variables such as shipment sizes, service frequencies, etc. are not available. Using origin-destination matrices and an assignment model, it is also possible to compute spatial accessibility measures that can further be used as additional explanatory variables. Indeed, several published studies have identified network accessibility as an important element in the mode-choice decision. This paper also shows that the inclusion of an accessibility measure in the utility functions of a logit model substantially improves the performance of a transportation network model, both in the modal choice and the assignment levels of the classical four-step model. Consequently, the assignment of the estimated modal demands results in more accurate estimated traffic on the networks. The model presented in this paper is to be considered as a proof of concept because its workflow should further be streamlined to make it easily useable by modelers.展开更多
This paper presents a general framework that can be used to estimate direct and cross elasticities for freight transport using a network model. This methodology combines operational research (network assignments in a ...This paper presents a general framework that can be used to estimate direct and cross elasticities for freight transport using a network model. This methodology combines operational research (network assignments in a geographical information system) with more classical econometrics (multinomial logit choice models). The application of the method to a real-world case is illustrated by a simple model that relies on the generalized cost of transport as the only explanatory variable in the utility function. The methodological framework allows, however, for the implementation of more complex functions. Beside the generalized cost functions for road, rail and inland waterways transport, the network model needs origin-destination matrixes and digitized networks. They are imported from ETIS Plus, a European transport policy information system. A set of direct and cross elasticities is presented. The estimated values are obtained using two methods: the first computes standard elasticities, while the second estimates arc elasticities. Figures are presented for Europe and for a large region around the Benelux countries, where more competition exists between the three modes of interest.展开更多
随着我国高速铁路网建设和投入运营,通过高效利用既有客货共线铁路发展重载运输是铁路货运发展的主要方向之一。既有客货共线铁路是货运网络的主体,由于受既有设计列车荷载标准制约,为避免大范围改造线路基础设施,铁路通用货车宜定位为...随着我国高速铁路网建设和投入运营,通过高效利用既有客货共线铁路发展重载运输是铁路货运发展的主要方向之一。既有客货共线铁路是货运网络的主体,由于受既有设计列车荷载标准制约,为避免大范围改造线路基础设施,铁路通用货车宜定位为轴重270 k N、载重800 k N级;新建客货共线铁路桥涵结构应能适应大轴重铁路通用货车的开行要求。根据铁路货运机车和车辆的作用特征、货车每延米重与轴重不同比增长关系等因素,为提高设计列车荷载图式对中小跨度桥涵结构和影响线加载长度短的杆(构)件加载效应,同时避免过大荷载等级系数z的取值,将中-活载(2005)图式中特种荷载集中力量值由250 k N修订为280 k N。展开更多
文摘Modal choice models applied to interregional or international freight transportation network models are often based on rather coarse origin-destination matrices, containing annual transported tonnages between (sub)regions, for instance. Generally, only basic (sometimes constructed) independent variables (transportation costs or transit times) are used because other variables such as shipment sizes, service frequencies, etc. are not available. Using origin-destination matrices and an assignment model, it is also possible to compute spatial accessibility measures that can further be used as additional explanatory variables. Indeed, several published studies have identified network accessibility as an important element in the mode-choice decision. This paper also shows that the inclusion of an accessibility measure in the utility functions of a logit model substantially improves the performance of a transportation network model, both in the modal choice and the assignment levels of the classical four-step model. Consequently, the assignment of the estimated modal demands results in more accurate estimated traffic on the networks. The model presented in this paper is to be considered as a proof of concept because its workflow should further be streamlined to make it easily useable by modelers.
文摘This paper presents a general framework that can be used to estimate direct and cross elasticities for freight transport using a network model. This methodology combines operational research (network assignments in a geographical information system) with more classical econometrics (multinomial logit choice models). The application of the method to a real-world case is illustrated by a simple model that relies on the generalized cost of transport as the only explanatory variable in the utility function. The methodological framework allows, however, for the implementation of more complex functions. Beside the generalized cost functions for road, rail and inland waterways transport, the network model needs origin-destination matrixes and digitized networks. They are imported from ETIS Plus, a European transport policy information system. A set of direct and cross elasticities is presented. The estimated values are obtained using two methods: the first computes standard elasticities, while the second estimates arc elasticities. Figures are presented for Europe and for a large region around the Benelux countries, where more competition exists between the three modes of interest.
文摘随着我国高速铁路网建设和投入运营,通过高效利用既有客货共线铁路发展重载运输是铁路货运发展的主要方向之一。既有客货共线铁路是货运网络的主体,由于受既有设计列车荷载标准制约,为避免大范围改造线路基础设施,铁路通用货车宜定位为轴重270 k N、载重800 k N级;新建客货共线铁路桥涵结构应能适应大轴重铁路通用货车的开行要求。根据铁路货运机车和车辆的作用特征、货车每延米重与轴重不同比增长关系等因素,为提高设计列车荷载图式对中小跨度桥涵结构和影响线加载长度短的杆(构)件加载效应,同时避免过大荷载等级系数z的取值,将中-活载(2005)图式中特种荷载集中力量值由250 k N修订为280 k N。
