Glucose,ascorbic acid(AA),uric acid(UA),and dopamine(DA)are vital biomarkers whose dynamic concentrations correlate with critical diseases;however,multiplexed detection remains challenging for conventional electrochem...Glucose,ascorbic acid(AA),uric acid(UA),and dopamine(DA)are vital biomarkers whose dynamic concentrations correlate with critical diseases;however,multiplexed detection remains challenging for conventional electrochemical sensors because of their limited sensitivity and selectivity.Here,we present a millimeter-scale all-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)platform that integrates dual-mode sensing with enzyme/metal-free operation for ultrasensitive biomarker monitoring.By engineering polycrystalline PEDOT:PSS channels via H_2 SO_4 post-treatment,the device achieves record-high conductivity(about(2312.0±29.9)S·cm^(–1)),maximum transconductance(about(2.82±0.12)mS),and on/off ratio(about 210.0±7.8),enabling signal amplification at low gate voltages.The dual-mode strategy combines the selectivity of electrochemistry with the sensitivity of OECTs,realizing simultaneous detection of glucose,AA,UA,and DA with clinical-level sensitivity:detection limits down to 8 nmol·L^(–1)(glucose),0.5 nmol·L^(–1)(AA),5 nmol·L^(–1)(DA),and 0.5 nmol·L^(–1)(UA).Validation using human urine samples yielded recovery rates of 94%–114%.This flexible sensing platform provides a new pathway for the development of wearable biosensors for precision diagnostics.展开更多
Abuse of chloramphenicol(CAP)could cause serious side effects to human health.Therefore,it is necessary to detect CAP residues in animal sourced food effectively.Here,the superiority(better stability,higher Apt-CAP lo...Abuse of chloramphenicol(CAP)could cause serious side effects to human health.Therefore,it is necessary to detect CAP residues in animal sourced food effectively.Here,the superiority(better stability,higher Apt-CAP loading efficiency,and higher CAP binding associated conformational change,etc.)of tetrahedral structure to double-chained structure for developing aptasensor was evaluated.Then,a self-assembled DNA tetrahedral structure-based electrochemical aptasensor targeting CAP was developed.Under the optimized conditions,the aptasensor exhibited high sensitivity toward CAP with a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.0676 ng/m L(linear range 0.19-387.76 ng/m L),and high selectivity against the structural analogs of CAP.Moreover,the recovery rate of CAP from spiked milk samples ranged from 100.57%to 101.69%,and only USD 1.34 is needed for detecting CAP in 1 sample.These results suggested the application potential of this aptasesor for detecting CAP in animal sourced foods.展开更多
The application of conventional manganese dioxide(MnO_(2))materials in sodium-ion supercapacitors(Na-SCs)is considerably limited by their low conductivity and structural instability.Biomimetic morphology engineering c...The application of conventional manganese dioxide(MnO_(2))materials in sodium-ion supercapacitors(Na-SCs)is considerably limited by their low conductivity and structural instability.Biomimetic morphology engineering can optimize the electrochemical performance of MnO_(2).Here,based on the metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)-derived method and electrochemical reconstruction,a coral-like MnO_(2)structure integrated with a functional nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)coating is designed for Na-SC application.The bioinspired coral-like structure captures numerous electrolyte ions and increases the Na+concentration on the electrode surface,which is beneficial for optimizing the Na+transport pathway and accelerating the electrode reaction kinetics.Moreover,the coral-like crosslinked structure effectively enhances the mechanical properties,enabling the maintenance of the structure of MnO_(2)-based electrodes during long-term operation.Furthermore,in/ex-situ characterizations are performed to elucidate the mechanism of lattice transformation during electrochemical phase reconstruction.Additionally,the theoretical calculation and simulation results reveal the ion/electron dynamics in the fabricated electrode.The prepared electrode demonstrates excellent capacitance storage ability(340.7 F g^(−1)at 0.5 A g^(−1))and cycling stability(85.1%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles).The assembled hybrid device exhibits exceptional life-span(82.0%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles)and exceptional energy density(36.5 Wh kg^(−1)).This study provides a reliable biomimetic morphology design strategy for MnO_(2)cathodes,paving the way for the fabrication of high-performance Na-SCs.展开更多
Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)hold great promise as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Nevertheless,they also face challenges of sluggish kinetics and rapid capacity loss.Herein,a conformational ...Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)hold great promise as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Nevertheless,they also face challenges of sluggish kinetics and rapid capacity loss.Herein,a conformational entropy regulation strategy has been applied to surmount the shortcomings.A medium-entropy iron-based metal organic framework(MIL-88)derived NiCoFeInZnV-based layered double hydroxide with carbon loaded(ME-NiCoFeInZnV-LDH/C)has been first proposed and prepared with a designed method.The increased entropy optimizes electron conductivity and alleviates structure alteration and diffusion barrier during interactions with charge carriers,due to electron-induced effect and“cocktail”effect.Moreover,the nanosheet assembled hollow prismatic structures could homogenize flux distribution and electric field distribution.Therefore,the electrochemical kinetics,crystal structure stability,and activity could be dramatically improved.Leveraging the advantages of structure and composition regulation,Zn||ME-NiCoFeInZnV-LDH/C zinc battery delivers high specific capacities,rate performance,and cycling stability.This work proposes a novel and feasible medium-entropy strategy to prepare a high-performance cathode for advanced AZIBs,which is of prominent significance for the development of charge storage devices.展开更多
In this study,electrochemical C-H carboxylation of benzylamines with CO_(2) was reported.This linear paired electrolysis system enables efficient and economical synthesis of value-added α-amino acids(α-AAs) under mi...In this study,electrochemical C-H carboxylation of benzylamines with CO_(2) was reported.This linear paired electrolysis system enables efficient and economical synthesis of value-added α-amino acids(α-AAs) under mild conditions.Various substituted benzylamines containing diverse functional groups and even highly reactive moieties,such as cyano,amide and alkene groups could be successfully transformed to the carboxylated products.Notably,this method proved to be applicable to the late-stage modification of biorelevant compounds,highlighting its potential for synthetic chemistry.Mechanistic studies such as radical trapping experiments,kinetic isotope effect(KIE) tests and cyclic voltammetry(CV) studies provided useful insight into this transformation.展开更多
In manganese electrolysis,electrochemical oscillations and manganese dendrite growth are typical nonlinear phenomena critical for energy consumption reduction.Nonetheless,existing research lacks a deep understanding o...In manganese electrolysis,electrochemical oscillations and manganese dendrite growth are typical nonlinear phenomena critical for energy consumption reduction.Nonetheless,existing research lacks a deep understanding of their underlying mechanisms.In this study,we systematically explored the evolution of anode electrochemical oscillations during manganese electrolysis and designed a square wave circuit to effectively suppress oscillations and dendrite growth while reducing energy consumption.A novel four-dimensional differential equation was introduced to explore the internal dynamic mechanisms of typical nonlinear behaviors.The experimental results showed that while the evolutionary patterns of current and potential oscillation signals were consistent,their waveform directions were opposite.The square wave current effectively suppressed both electrochemical oscillations and the growth of manganese dendrites.Furthermore,compared to direct current electrolysis,the square wave current improved the current efficiency by 3.6%and reduced the energy consumption by 0.32 kW·h·kg^(−1).展开更多
During electrochemical machining(ECM),the passivation film formed on the surface of titanium alloy can lead to uneven dissolution and pitting.Solid particle erosion can effectively remove this passivation film.In this...During electrochemical machining(ECM),the passivation film formed on the surface of titanium alloy can lead to uneven dissolution and pitting.Solid particle erosion can effectively remove this passivation film.In this paper,the electrochemical dissolution behavior of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V(TA15)titanium alloy at without particle impact,low(15°)and high(90°)angle particle impact was investigated,and the influence of Al_(2)O_(3)particles on ECM was systematically expounded.It was found that under the condition of no particle erosion,the surface of electrochemically processed titanium alloy had serious pitting corrosion due to the influence of the passivation film,and the surface roughness(Sa)of the local area reached 10.088μm.Under the condition of a high-impact angle(90°),due to the existence of strain hardening and particle embedding,only the edge of the surface is dissolved,while the central area is almost insoluble,with the surface roughness(S_(a))reaching 16.086μm.On the contrary,under the condition of a low-impact angle(15°),the machining efficiency and surface quality of the material were significantly improved due to the ploughing effect and galvanic corrosion,and the surface roughness(S_(a))reached 2.823μm.Based on these findings,the electrochemical dissolution model of TA15 titanium alloy under different particle erosion conditions was established.展开更多
The pseudo-two-dimensional(P2D)model plays an important role in exploring physicochemical mechanisms,predicting the state of health,and improving the fast charge capability for Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the fast ...The pseudo-two-dimensional(P2D)model plays an important role in exploring physicochemical mechanisms,predicting the state of health,and improving the fast charge capability for Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the fast charge leads to the lithium concentration gradient in the solid and electrolyte phases and the non-uniform electrochemical reaction at the solid/electrolyte interface.In order to decouple charge transfer reactions in LIBs under dynamic conditions,understanding the spatio-temporal resolution of the P2D model is urgently required.Till now,the study of this aspect is still insufficient.This work studies the spatio-temporal resolution for dynamic/static electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(DEIS/SEIS)on multiple scales.In detail,DEIS and SEIS with spatio-temporal resolutions are used to decouple charge transfer reactions in LIBs based on the numerical solution of the P2D model in the frequency domain.The calculated results indicate that decoupling solid diffusion requires a high spatial resolution along the r-direction in particles,decoupling electrolyte diffusion and interfacial transfer reaction requires a high spatial resolution along the x-direction,and decoupling charge transfer reactions in LIBs at an extremely low state of charge(SOC)requires an extremely high temporal resolution along the t-direction.Finally,the optimal range of spatio-temporal resolutions for DEIS/SEIS is derived,and the method to decouple charge transfer reactions with spatio-temporal resolutions is developed.展开更多
Amorphous materials represent a promising platform for advancing CO_(2)electrochemical reduction due to their inherently diverse coordination environments.In this study,we demonstrate computationally the superior perf...Amorphous materials represent a promising platform for advancing CO_(2)electrochemical reduction due to their inherently diverse coordination environments.In this study,we demonstrate computationally the superior performance of amorphous CuNi alloys for CO_(2)electrochemical reduction.By integrating machine learning forcefields for efficient structure generation and density functional theory for subsequent structural refinement and property calculations,we reveal the potential of these disordered systems to outperform their crystalline counterparts.Machine learning forcefields can generate a bulk structure containing a mixture of Cu and Ni atoms,resulting in enhanced catalytic performance.Effective screening of the amorphous surfaces is used to identify undercoordinated Cu and Ni sites in the amorphous structure to synergistically promote selective CO production and favor ethanol formation over ethylene via the stabilization of the*COCHO intermediate,resulting in significantly lower Gibbs free energy changes compared to the crystalline counterpart.The varying atomic coordination environments on amorphous surfaces promote both C–C bond formation and subsequent proton-electron transfer,leading to ethanol formation.These findings demonstrate the superior catalytic performance of amorphous CuNi,highlighting its potential for efficient and selective electroreduction of CO_(2).展开更多
Magnesium-based anode materials have attracted significant attention in the energy storage domain because of their high theoretical capacities and low electrochemical potentials.However,in conventional electrolyte sys...Magnesium-based anode materials have attracted significant attention in the energy storage domain because of their high theoretical capacities and low electrochemical potentials.However,in conventional electrolyte systems,magnesium metal electrodes dynamically generate an ion-blocking surface layer,resulting in prominent voltage polarization,which severely limits their practical applications.In this study,ZIF-8/carbon nanotubes(CNTs)coatings were used to modify the anodes of magnesium batteries.Compared with the unaltered magnesium battery,the voltage lag time of the ZIF-8/CNTs coating was shortened from 4 s before modification to 0.26 s,and the battery impedance was lowered by two orders of magnitude.The duration of the discharge platform was increased from 4 h before modification to 6-10 h,the anode utilization rate was more than doubled,and the specific energy density was significantly enhanced compared with the battery before modification.The mechanism indicates that the ZIF-8/CNTs coating can limit the infiltration of corrosive substances,extend their transmission path,and offer more effective protection to the magnesium anode.The incorporation of CNTs improves the conductivity of the battery,and it significantly improves the electrochemical performance of the magnesium battery.展开更多
Supercapacitors represent one specific class of energy storage devices that bridge the gap between traditional capacitors and batteries.In current work,δ-MnO_(2) nanoflakes arrayed on electrochemically exfoliated gra...Supercapacitors represent one specific class of energy storage devices that bridge the gap between traditional capacitors and batteries.In current work,δ-MnO_(2) nanoflakes arrayed on electrochemically exfoliated graphene(EEG)nanosheets were easily made as one composited electrode material for boosting the charge storage performances of supercapacitors.Coupled with the fluent electron and ion transport from two-dimensional EEG nanosheets,the uniformly anchoredδ-MnO_(2) nanoflake arrays present high reversible capacity,superior cycling stability,and unique rate capability.As expected,the MnO_(2)/EEG-10 electrode delivers high specific capacitance of 190 F·g^(−1) at 0.2 A·g^(−1),and holds 97.3%of its initial capacitance after 10000 cycles at 5 A·g^(−1).Furthermore,an asymmetrical supercapacitor using MnO_(2)/EEG-10 as the positive electrode achieves an energy density of 17.7 W·h·kg^(−1) at a power density of 922.7 W·kg^(−1) with 82.9%capacity retention upon 10000 cycles at 5 A·g^(−1).This work highlights the facile fabrication of high-performance MnO_(2)/graphene composites with excellent structure stability using graphene nanosheets as the conductive matrix.展开更多
For the efficient electrolytic extraction of Er from spent nuclear fuel,a series of electrochemical methods was used to research the electrochemical behavior of Er(Ⅲ)in the LiCl—KCl system on inert(Mo)electrode and ...For the efficient electrolytic extraction of Er from spent nuclear fuel,a series of electrochemical methods was used to research the electrochemical behavior of Er(Ⅲ)in the LiCl—KCl system on inert(Mo)electrode and on reactive(Ni)electrodes.On the inert Mo electrode,the reduction of Er(Ⅲ)to Er(0)is a onestep with three-electron and quasi-reversible reaction process.Meanwhile,the apparent generation Gibbs free energy and activity coefficients of Er(Ⅲ)on the inert electrode were determined.Thereafter,the electrochemical reduction of Er(Ⅲ)on the Ni electrode was emphatically investigated.Er(Ⅲ)is reduced at a corrected potential owing to the formation of Ni-Er alloys.In addition,thermodynamic parameters such as partial excess Gibbs free energy change of Er in Ni,activity and apparent generation Gibbs free energy of the Ni-Er alloys were determined by the electromotive force method.Finally,different Ni-Er alloys were produced using potentiostatic electrolysis on the Ni cathode by controlling different potentials,Moreover,electrolytic extraction was carried out on the Ni cathode at the potential of-2.0 V,and the separation efficiency of Er reaches 99.72%,which proves the practicability of separating Er from LiCl-KCl eutectic on the reactive Ni cathode.展开更多
The counter-rotating electrochemical machining(CRECM) shows unique potential in the machining of thin-walled rotating parts with complex convex structures. CREM realizes the shaping of complex convex structures throug...The counter-rotating electrochemical machining(CRECM) shows unique potential in the machining of thin-walled rotating parts with complex convex structures. CREM realizes the shaping of complex convex structures through the relative rotation of the cathode and anode.The complex motion pattern and electric field distribution make it difficult to apply the existing cathode design methods to CRECM. To solve this problem, the matrix equations of cathode motion based on the kinematics and the electric field simulation model are established. The motion trajectories and edge contours at different angles are analyzed. The rotational overlap theory of motion trajectories under the windows at different angles is proved. Besides, the relationship between electric field distribution and the convex structure forming under different angle windows is studied, and the fundamental reason for deviations occurs when the convex profile is rotated to coincide is revealed. Therefore, a prediction model of the sidewall dissolution is established to correct this deviation, thereby deriving a high-precision design formula for the cathode windows of the high convex structures. By designing a cathode with oval-like windows to curry out CRECM experiments, the array-arranged(30 × 5) circular high convex structure with a maximum roundness error of 0.065 mm is successfully fabricated.展开更多
The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable products is pivotal for maintaining the global carbon cycle and mitigating global warming.This review explores the advancements in electrochemical CO_(2) ...The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable products is pivotal for maintaining the global carbon cycle and mitigating global warming.This review explores the advancements in electrochemical CO_(2) conversion,particularly focusing on producing methanol,ethanol,and n-propanol using various catalysts such as metals,metal oxides,metal alloys,and metal organic frameworks.Additionally,it covers the photoelectrochemical(PEC)conversion of CO_(2) into alcohols.The primary objective is to identify efficient electrocatalysts for ethanol,methanol,and n-propanol production,prioritizing selectivity,stability,Faradaic efficiency(FE),and current density.Notable catalysts include PtxZn nanoalloys,which exhibit an FE of~81.4% for methanol production,and trimetallic Pt/Pb/Zn nanoalloys,aimed at reducing Pt costs while enhancing catalyst stability and durability.Metal oxide catalysts like thin film Cu_(2)O/CuO on nickel foam and Cu_(2)O/ZnO achieve FE values of~38% and~16.6% for methanol production,respectively.Copper-based metal-organic frameworks,such as Cu@Cu_(2)O,demonstrate an FE of~45% for methanol production.Similarly,Ag_(0.14)/Cu_(0.86) and Cu-Zn alloys exhibit FEs of~63% and~46.6%,respectively,for ethanol production.Notably,n-propanol production via Pd–Cu alloy and graphene/ZnO/Cu_(2)O yields FEs of~13.7% and~23%,respectively.Furthermore,the review discusses recent advancements in PEC reactor design,photoelectrodes,reaction mechanisms,and catalyst durability.By evaluating the efficiency of these devices in liquid fuel production,the review addresses challenges and prospects in CO_(2) conversion for obtaining various valuable products.展开更多
The advancement of clean electricity is positioning electrochemical reactors at the forefront of future electrosynthesis technologies.Solid-state electrolyte(SSE)reactors emerge for their distinctive configurations an...The advancement of clean electricity is positioning electrochemical reactors at the forefront of future electrosynthesis technologies.Solid-state electrolyte(SSE)reactors emerge for their distinctive configurations and ability to produce high-purity fuels and chemicals efficiently without additional purification steps.This marks a substantial development in electrochemical synthesis.In this perspective,we critically examine cutting-edge innovations in SSE devices with particular emphasis on the architectural introduction of core cell components,novel electrochemical cell configurations,and assembly methodologies.The use of SSE reactors is presently undergoing a pivotal transition from fundamental laboratory investigations to large-scale engineering implementations,demonstrating remarkable progress in multiple domains:(1)sustainable synthesis of high-value organic acids(formic and acetic acids),(2)production of critical oxidizers hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))and liquid fuels(ethanol),(3)ammonia(NH_(3))production,(4)carbon capture technologies,(5)lithium recovery and recycling,and(6)tandem or coupling strategies for high-value-added products.Importantly,the transformative potential in environmental remediation,particularly for airborne pollutant sequestration and advanced wastewater purification,is addressed.Additionally,the innovative architectural blueprints for next-generation SSE stack are presented,aiming to establish a comprehensive framework to guide the transition from laboratory-scale innovation to industrial-scale deployment of SSE devices in the foreseeable future.展开更多
The ultra-high nickel cathode material has important application prospect in power lithium-ion batteries.However,the poor structural stability and serious surface/interfacial side reactions during long cycles severely...The ultra-high nickel cathode material has important application prospect in power lithium-ion batteries.However,the poor structural stability and serious surface/interfacial side reactions during long cycles severely hinder the material's practical application.In this paper,Cs^(+)doping and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)coating are used to synergistically modify the NCM955 material.The results show that the corresponding discharge specific capacity of NCMCs-2@P-2 material reaches 152.02 m Ah/g at 1 C(1 C=200 m A/g)and 125.66 m Ah/g at 5 C after 300 cycles,and the capacity retention is 78.11%and72.21%,respectively.In addition,it still maintains 156.36 m Ah/g discharge specific capacity at 10 C,and these rate and cycle properties exceed those reported on ultra-high nickel cathode material.Moreover,NCMCs-2@P-2 material has higher migration energy barrier of Ni^(2+)and lower migration energy barrier of Li+than that of NCM955 material.Therefore,NCMCs-2@P-2 material has excellent electrochemical properties,which has been proved by a series of structural characterization,theoretical calculation and performance test.The synergistic enhancement of Cs^(+)doping and PMMA coating accelerates lithium ion diffusion kinetics,stabilizes crystal structure,and inhabits surface/interface side reaction.展开更多
In this work,the TiO_(2)/Sb_(2)S_(3) nanorod arrays(NRAs)were synthesized through a two-stage hydrothermal route for photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting.The effect of annealing treatment in Ar ambience on the PEC...In this work,the TiO_(2)/Sb_(2)S_(3) nanorod arrays(NRAs)were synthesized through a two-stage hydrothermal route for photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting.The effect of annealing treatment in Ar ambience on the PEC activity of TiO_(2)/Sb_(2)S_(3) composite sample was investigated by electrochemical impedance analysis,including Nyquist and Mott-Schottky(M-S)plots.It was demonstrated that vacuum annealing could crystallize Sb_(2)S_(3) component and change its color from red to black,leading to an increment of photocurrent density from 1.9 A/m^(2) to 4.25 A/m^(2) at 0 V versus saturated calomel electrode(VSCE).The enhanced PEC performance was mainly attributed to the improved visible light absorption.Moreover,annealing treatment facilitated retarding the electron-hole recombination occurred at the solid/liquid interfaces.Our work might provide a novel strategy for enhancing the PEC performance of a semiconductor electrode.展开更多
Macro electromechanical milling has recently attracted increasing attention because numerous large thin-walled structures composed of difficult-to-cut materials are employed in the aerospace field.This paper reviews r...Macro electromechanical milling has recently attracted increasing attention because numerous large thin-walled structures composed of difficult-to-cut materials are employed in the aerospace field.This paper reviews recent developments in state-of-the-art macro electromechanical milling.The fundamental aspects of material removal mechanisms,such as the generation and breakdown behaviors of passive oxide films of typical difficult-to-cut materials,were discussed.Rapid methods for breaking down passive films are summarized,and simulation methods for the machining process coupling multiple physical fields are introduced.Specific electrochemical milling methods,including fly mode electrochemical milling and sink electrochemical milling,are classified.Efforts made to improve process performance,such as the material removal rate,surface quality,and machining accuracy,are discussed.In addition,the main hybrid electrochemical milling methods,including electrochemical discharge milling,mechano-electrochemical milling,and electrochemical mill grinding,are also presented.展开更多
La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys with superlattice structures are the new generation anode material for nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH)batteries owing to the advantages of high capacity and exceptional activation pr...La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys with superlattice structures are the new generation anode material for nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH)batteries owing to the advantages of high capacity and exceptional activation properties.However,the cycling stability is not currently satisfactory enough which plagues its application.Herein,a strategy of partially substituting La with the Y element is proposed to boost the capacity durability of La-Mg-Ni-based alloys.Furthermore,phase structure regulation is implemented simultaneously to obtain the A5 B19-type alloy with good crystal stability specifically.It is found that Y promotes the phase formation of the Pr5 Co19-type phase after annealing at 985℃.The alloy containing Y contributes to the superior rate capability resulting from the promoted hydrogen diffusion rate.Notably,Y substitution enables strengthening the anti-pulverization ability of the alloy in terms of increasing the volume match between[A_(2)B_(4)]and[AB5]subunits,and effectively enhances the anti-corrosion ability of the alloy due to high electronegativity,realizing improved long-term cycling stability of the alloy from 74.2%to 78.5%after cycling 300 times.The work is expected to shed light on the composition and structure design of the La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy for Ni-MH batteries.展开更多
The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separat...The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separators with improved mechanical and electrochemical characteristics.This review covers the improved mechanical and electrochemical performances as well as the advancements made in the design of separators utilizing a variety of techniques.In terms of electrolyte wettability and adhesion of the coating materials,we provide an overview of the current status of research on coated separators,in situ modified separators,and grafting modified separators,and elaborate additional performance parameters of interest.The characteristics of inorganics coated separators,organic framework coated separators and inorganic-organic coated separators from different fabrication methods are compared.Future directions regarding new modified materials,manufacturing process,quantitative analysis of adhesion and so on are proposed toward next-generation advanced lithium batteries.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272214,52372082,52466013,52373184,and U24A20660)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.20242BAB26059,20232BAB204032,20252BAC200290,20252BEJ730349,and 20252BAC240326)Doctoral Start-Up Fund of Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University(No.2024BSQD16)。
文摘Glucose,ascorbic acid(AA),uric acid(UA),and dopamine(DA)are vital biomarkers whose dynamic concentrations correlate with critical diseases;however,multiplexed detection remains challenging for conventional electrochemical sensors because of their limited sensitivity and selectivity.Here,we present a millimeter-scale all-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)platform that integrates dual-mode sensing with enzyme/metal-free operation for ultrasensitive biomarker monitoring.By engineering polycrystalline PEDOT:PSS channels via H_2 SO_4 post-treatment,the device achieves record-high conductivity(about(2312.0±29.9)S·cm^(–1)),maximum transconductance(about(2.82±0.12)mS),and on/off ratio(about 210.0±7.8),enabling signal amplification at low gate voltages.The dual-mode strategy combines the selectivity of electrochemistry with the sensitivity of OECTs,realizing simultaneous detection of glucose,AA,UA,and DA with clinical-level sensitivity:detection limits down to 8 nmol·L^(–1)(glucose),0.5 nmol·L^(–1)(AA),5 nmol·L^(–1)(DA),and 0.5 nmol·L^(–1)(UA).Validation using human urine samples yielded recovery rates of 94%–114%.This flexible sensing platform provides a new pathway for the development of wearable biosensors for precision diagnostics.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(82174531)the Medicine and Health Science Technology Development Project of Shandong Province,China(202212060626).
文摘Abuse of chloramphenicol(CAP)could cause serious side effects to human health.Therefore,it is necessary to detect CAP residues in animal sourced food effectively.Here,the superiority(better stability,higher Apt-CAP loading efficiency,and higher CAP binding associated conformational change,etc.)of tetrahedral structure to double-chained structure for developing aptasensor was evaluated.Then,a self-assembled DNA tetrahedral structure-based electrochemical aptasensor targeting CAP was developed.Under the optimized conditions,the aptasensor exhibited high sensitivity toward CAP with a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.0676 ng/m L(linear range 0.19-387.76 ng/m L),and high selectivity against the structural analogs of CAP.Moreover,the recovery rate of CAP from spiked milk samples ranged from 100.57%to 101.69%,and only USD 1.34 is needed for detecting CAP in 1 sample.These results suggested the application potential of this aptasesor for detecting CAP in animal sourced foods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22409065)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515011906)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731153)the Research Fund Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technologythe Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20230868).
文摘The application of conventional manganese dioxide(MnO_(2))materials in sodium-ion supercapacitors(Na-SCs)is considerably limited by their low conductivity and structural instability.Biomimetic morphology engineering can optimize the electrochemical performance of MnO_(2).Here,based on the metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)-derived method and electrochemical reconstruction,a coral-like MnO_(2)structure integrated with a functional nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)coating is designed for Na-SC application.The bioinspired coral-like structure captures numerous electrolyte ions and increases the Na+concentration on the electrode surface,which is beneficial for optimizing the Na+transport pathway and accelerating the electrode reaction kinetics.Moreover,the coral-like crosslinked structure effectively enhances the mechanical properties,enabling the maintenance of the structure of MnO_(2)-based electrodes during long-term operation.Furthermore,in/ex-situ characterizations are performed to elucidate the mechanism of lattice transformation during electrochemical phase reconstruction.Additionally,the theoretical calculation and simulation results reveal the ion/electron dynamics in the fabricated electrode.The prepared electrode demonstrates excellent capacitance storage ability(340.7 F g^(−1)at 0.5 A g^(−1))and cycling stability(85.1%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles).The assembled hybrid device exhibits exceptional life-span(82.0%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles)and exceptional energy density(36.5 Wh kg^(−1)).This study provides a reliable biomimetic morphology design strategy for MnO_(2)cathodes,paving the way for the fabrication of high-performance Na-SCs.
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52202217,52471222)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(Grant No.YDZJ202201ZYTS375).
文摘Layered double hydroxides(LDHs)hold great promise as cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Nevertheless,they also face challenges of sluggish kinetics and rapid capacity loss.Herein,a conformational entropy regulation strategy has been applied to surmount the shortcomings.A medium-entropy iron-based metal organic framework(MIL-88)derived NiCoFeInZnV-based layered double hydroxide with carbon loaded(ME-NiCoFeInZnV-LDH/C)has been first proposed and prepared with a designed method.The increased entropy optimizes electron conductivity and alleviates structure alteration and diffusion barrier during interactions with charge carriers,due to electron-induced effect and“cocktail”effect.Moreover,the nanosheet assembled hollow prismatic structures could homogenize flux distribution and electric field distribution.Therefore,the electrochemical kinetics,crystal structure stability,and activity could be dramatically improved.Leveraging the advantages of structure and composition regulation,Zn||ME-NiCoFeInZnV-LDH/C zinc battery delivers high specific capacities,rate performance,and cycling stability.This work proposes a novel and feasible medium-entropy strategy to prepare a high-performance cathode for advanced AZIBs,which is of prominent significance for the development of charge storage devices.
基金Financial support from National Key R&D Program of China (No.2023YFA1507203)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22371149 and 22188101)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.63224098)Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter,Nankai University (No.63181206)Nankai University are gratefully acknowledgedthe Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations for financial support。
文摘In this study,electrochemical C-H carboxylation of benzylamines with CO_(2) was reported.This linear paired electrolysis system enables efficient and economical synthesis of value-added α-amino acids(α-AAs) under mild conditions.Various substituted benzylamines containing diverse functional groups and even highly reactive moieties,such as cyano,amide and alkene groups could be successfully transformed to the carboxylated products.Notably,this method proved to be applicable to the late-stage modification of biorelevant compounds,highlighting its potential for synthetic chemistry.Mechanistic studies such as radical trapping experiments,kinetic isotope effect(KIE) tests and cyclic voltammetry(CV) studies provided useful insight into this transformation.
基金support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022CDJQY-005,2024CDJXY010)the Guangxi Science and Technology Program(AB24010229)is greatly acknowledged.
文摘In manganese electrolysis,electrochemical oscillations and manganese dendrite growth are typical nonlinear phenomena critical for energy consumption reduction.Nonetheless,existing research lacks a deep understanding of their underlying mechanisms.In this study,we systematically explored the evolution of anode electrochemical oscillations during manganese electrolysis and designed a square wave circuit to effectively suppress oscillations and dendrite growth while reducing energy consumption.A novel four-dimensional differential equation was introduced to explore the internal dynamic mechanisms of typical nonlinear behaviors.The experimental results showed that while the evolutionary patterns of current and potential oscillation signals were consistent,their waveform directions were opposite.The square wave current effectively suppressed both electrochemical oscillations and the growth of manganese dendrites.Furthermore,compared to direct current electrolysis,the square wave current improved the current efficiency by 3.6%and reduced the energy consumption by 0.32 kW·h·kg^(−1).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175414)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20220134)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.NE2023002)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(No.KYCX24_0559)。
文摘During electrochemical machining(ECM),the passivation film formed on the surface of titanium alloy can lead to uneven dissolution and pitting.Solid particle erosion can effectively remove this passivation film.In this paper,the electrochemical dissolution behavior of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V(TA15)titanium alloy at without particle impact,low(15°)and high(90°)angle particle impact was investigated,and the influence of Al_(2)O_(3)particles on ECM was systematically expounded.It was found that under the condition of no particle erosion,the surface of electrochemically processed titanium alloy had serious pitting corrosion due to the influence of the passivation film,and the surface roughness(Sa)of the local area reached 10.088μm.Under the condition of a high-impact angle(90°),due to the existence of strain hardening and particle embedding,only the edge of the surface is dissolved,while the central area is almost insoluble,with the surface roughness(S_(a))reaching 16.086μm.On the contrary,under the condition of a low-impact angle(15°),the machining efficiency and surface quality of the material were significantly improved due to the ploughing effect and galvanic corrosion,and the surface roughness(S_(a))reached 2.823μm.Based on these findings,the electrochemical dissolution model of TA15 titanium alloy under different particle erosion conditions was established.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22479092 and 22078190)。
文摘The pseudo-two-dimensional(P2D)model plays an important role in exploring physicochemical mechanisms,predicting the state of health,and improving the fast charge capability for Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the fast charge leads to the lithium concentration gradient in the solid and electrolyte phases and the non-uniform electrochemical reaction at the solid/electrolyte interface.In order to decouple charge transfer reactions in LIBs under dynamic conditions,understanding the spatio-temporal resolution of the P2D model is urgently required.Till now,the study of this aspect is still insufficient.This work studies the spatio-temporal resolution for dynamic/static electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(DEIS/SEIS)on multiple scales.In detail,DEIS and SEIS with spatio-temporal resolutions are used to decouple charge transfer reactions in LIBs based on the numerical solution of the P2D model in the frequency domain.The calculated results indicate that decoupling solid diffusion requires a high spatial resolution along the r-direction in particles,decoupling electrolyte diffusion and interfacial transfer reaction requires a high spatial resolution along the x-direction,and decoupling charge transfer reactions in LIBs at an extremely low state of charge(SOC)requires an extremely high temporal resolution along the t-direction.Finally,the optimal range of spatio-temporal resolutions for DEIS/SEIS is derived,and the method to decouple charge transfer reactions with spatio-temporal resolutions is developed.
基金partially funded by EPSRC (EP/T022213/1, EP/W032260/1 and EP/P020194/1) via our membership of the UK’s HEC Materials Chemistry Consortium, which is funded by EPSRC (EP/L000202)part of the “Advancing Solid Interface and Lubricants by First Principles Material Design (SLIDE)” project that has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant agreement No. 865633)
文摘Amorphous materials represent a promising platform for advancing CO_(2)electrochemical reduction due to their inherently diverse coordination environments.In this study,we demonstrate computationally the superior performance of amorphous CuNi alloys for CO_(2)electrochemical reduction.By integrating machine learning forcefields for efficient structure generation and density functional theory for subsequent structural refinement and property calculations,we reveal the potential of these disordered systems to outperform their crystalline counterparts.Machine learning forcefields can generate a bulk structure containing a mixture of Cu and Ni atoms,resulting in enhanced catalytic performance.Effective screening of the amorphous surfaces is used to identify undercoordinated Cu and Ni sites in the amorphous structure to synergistically promote selective CO production and favor ethanol formation over ethylene via the stabilization of the*COCHO intermediate,resulting in significantly lower Gibbs free energy changes compared to the crystalline counterpart.The varying atomic coordination environments on amorphous surfaces promote both C–C bond formation and subsequent proton-electron transfer,leading to ethanol formation.These findings demonstrate the superior catalytic performance of amorphous CuNi,highlighting its potential for efficient and selective electroreduction of CO_(2).
基金supported by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation,China(No.2020GXNSFAA 159011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51664011).
文摘Magnesium-based anode materials have attracted significant attention in the energy storage domain because of their high theoretical capacities and low electrochemical potentials.However,in conventional electrolyte systems,magnesium metal electrodes dynamically generate an ion-blocking surface layer,resulting in prominent voltage polarization,which severely limits their practical applications.In this study,ZIF-8/carbon nanotubes(CNTs)coatings were used to modify the anodes of magnesium batteries.Compared with the unaltered magnesium battery,the voltage lag time of the ZIF-8/CNTs coating was shortened from 4 s before modification to 0.26 s,and the battery impedance was lowered by two orders of magnitude.The duration of the discharge platform was increased from 4 h before modification to 6-10 h,the anode utilization rate was more than doubled,and the specific energy density was significantly enhanced compared with the battery before modification.The mechanism indicates that the ZIF-8/CNTs coating can limit the infiltration of corrosive substances,extend their transmission path,and offer more effective protection to the magnesium anode.The incorporation of CNTs improves the conductivity of the battery,and it significantly improves the electrochemical performance of the magnesium battery.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023ME155 and ZR2023ME085)the project of“20 Items of University”of Jinan(202228046)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(tsqn202306226 and tsqn202211171).
文摘Supercapacitors represent one specific class of energy storage devices that bridge the gap between traditional capacitors and batteries.In current work,δ-MnO_(2) nanoflakes arrayed on electrochemically exfoliated graphene(EEG)nanosheets were easily made as one composited electrode material for boosting the charge storage performances of supercapacitors.Coupled with the fluent electron and ion transport from two-dimensional EEG nanosheets,the uniformly anchoredδ-MnO_(2) nanoflake arrays present high reversible capacity,superior cycling stability,and unique rate capability.As expected,the MnO_(2)/EEG-10 electrode delivers high specific capacitance of 190 F·g^(−1) at 0.2 A·g^(−1),and holds 97.3%of its initial capacitance after 10000 cycles at 5 A·g^(−1).Furthermore,an asymmetrical supercapacitor using MnO_(2)/EEG-10 as the positive electrode achieves an energy density of 17.7 W·h·kg^(−1) at a power density of 922.7 W·kg^(−1) with 82.9%capacity retention upon 10000 cycles at 5 A·g^(−1).This work highlights the facile fabrication of high-performance MnO_(2)/graphene composites with excellent structure stability using graphene nanosheets as the conductive matrix.
基金Project supported by Ph.D.Student Research and Innovation Fund of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3072023GIP1005)。
文摘For the efficient electrolytic extraction of Er from spent nuclear fuel,a series of electrochemical methods was used to research the electrochemical behavior of Er(Ⅲ)in the LiCl—KCl system on inert(Mo)electrode and on reactive(Ni)electrodes.On the inert Mo electrode,the reduction of Er(Ⅲ)to Er(0)is a onestep with three-electron and quasi-reversible reaction process.Meanwhile,the apparent generation Gibbs free energy and activity coefficients of Er(Ⅲ)on the inert electrode were determined.Thereafter,the electrochemical reduction of Er(Ⅲ)on the Ni electrode was emphatically investigated.Er(Ⅲ)is reduced at a corrected potential owing to the formation of Ni-Er alloys.In addition,thermodynamic parameters such as partial excess Gibbs free energy change of Er in Ni,activity and apparent generation Gibbs free energy of the Ni-Er alloys were determined by the electromotive force method.Finally,different Ni-Er alloys were produced using potentiostatic electrolysis on the Ni cathode by controlling different potentials,Moreover,electrolytic extraction was carried out on the Ni cathode at the potential of-2.0 V,and the separation efficiency of Er reaches 99.72%,which proves the practicability of separating Er from LiCl-KCl eutectic on the reactive Ni cathode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no.52175414)National Natural Science Foundation of China for Creative Research Groups (51921003)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK20220134)Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (No. KYCX22_0344)。
文摘The counter-rotating electrochemical machining(CRECM) shows unique potential in the machining of thin-walled rotating parts with complex convex structures. CREM realizes the shaping of complex convex structures through the relative rotation of the cathode and anode.The complex motion pattern and electric field distribution make it difficult to apply the existing cathode design methods to CRECM. To solve this problem, the matrix equations of cathode motion based on the kinematics and the electric field simulation model are established. The motion trajectories and edge contours at different angles are analyzed. The rotational overlap theory of motion trajectories under the windows at different angles is proved. Besides, the relationship between electric field distribution and the convex structure forming under different angle windows is studied, and the fundamental reason for deviations occurs when the convex profile is rotated to coincide is revealed. Therefore, a prediction model of the sidewall dissolution is established to correct this deviation, thereby deriving a high-precision design formula for the cathode windows of the high convex structures. By designing a cathode with oval-like windows to curry out CRECM experiments, the array-arranged(30 × 5) circular high convex structure with a maximum roundness error of 0.065 mm is successfully fabricated.
基金the financial support from National Science Centre Poland(NCN)based on the decision number UMO-2021/43/D/ST5/00824financial support of research project supported by the program“Excellence Initiative-Research University”for the AGH University of Krakow.
文摘The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable products is pivotal for maintaining the global carbon cycle and mitigating global warming.This review explores the advancements in electrochemical CO_(2) conversion,particularly focusing on producing methanol,ethanol,and n-propanol using various catalysts such as metals,metal oxides,metal alloys,and metal organic frameworks.Additionally,it covers the photoelectrochemical(PEC)conversion of CO_(2) into alcohols.The primary objective is to identify efficient electrocatalysts for ethanol,methanol,and n-propanol production,prioritizing selectivity,stability,Faradaic efficiency(FE),and current density.Notable catalysts include PtxZn nanoalloys,which exhibit an FE of~81.4% for methanol production,and trimetallic Pt/Pb/Zn nanoalloys,aimed at reducing Pt costs while enhancing catalyst stability and durability.Metal oxide catalysts like thin film Cu_(2)O/CuO on nickel foam and Cu_(2)O/ZnO achieve FE values of~38% and~16.6% for methanol production,respectively.Copper-based metal-organic frameworks,such as Cu@Cu_(2)O,demonstrate an FE of~45% for methanol production.Similarly,Ag_(0.14)/Cu_(0.86) and Cu-Zn alloys exhibit FEs of~63% and~46.6%,respectively,for ethanol production.Notably,n-propanol production via Pd–Cu alloy and graphene/ZnO/Cu_(2)O yields FEs of~13.7% and~23%,respectively.Furthermore,the review discusses recent advancements in PEC reactor design,photoelectrodes,reaction mechanisms,and catalyst durability.By evaluating the efficiency of these devices in liquid fuel production,the review addresses challenges and prospects in CO_(2) conversion for obtaining various valuable products.
基金support from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.PolyU25213824)Hong Kong Polytechnic University(WZ4Q,CDBZ,CE2Y)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22205187)Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Commission(JCYJ20230807140402006)Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(2023A1515110123,2024A1515012390)MTR Research Funding Scheme(PTU-24028).
文摘The advancement of clean electricity is positioning electrochemical reactors at the forefront of future electrosynthesis technologies.Solid-state electrolyte(SSE)reactors emerge for their distinctive configurations and ability to produce high-purity fuels and chemicals efficiently without additional purification steps.This marks a substantial development in electrochemical synthesis.In this perspective,we critically examine cutting-edge innovations in SSE devices with particular emphasis on the architectural introduction of core cell components,novel electrochemical cell configurations,and assembly methodologies.The use of SSE reactors is presently undergoing a pivotal transition from fundamental laboratory investigations to large-scale engineering implementations,demonstrating remarkable progress in multiple domains:(1)sustainable synthesis of high-value organic acids(formic and acetic acids),(2)production of critical oxidizers hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))and liquid fuels(ethanol),(3)ammonia(NH_(3))production,(4)carbon capture technologies,(5)lithium recovery and recycling,and(6)tandem or coupling strategies for high-value-added products.Importantly,the transformative potential in environmental remediation,particularly for airborne pollutant sequestration and advanced wastewater purification,is addressed.Additionally,the innovative architectural blueprints for next-generation SSE stack are presented,aiming to establish a comprehensive framework to guide the transition from laboratory-scale innovation to industrial-scale deployment of SSE devices in the foreseeable future.
基金supported the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.22362011,22169007,51804199)the Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(No.AA19046001)+2 种基金the Open Research Fund of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials(Nos.EMFM20201105,EMFM20181119)Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(No.20231211121324001)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KQTD20180412181422399)。
文摘The ultra-high nickel cathode material has important application prospect in power lithium-ion batteries.However,the poor structural stability and serious surface/interfacial side reactions during long cycles severely hinder the material's practical application.In this paper,Cs^(+)doping and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)coating are used to synergistically modify the NCM955 material.The results show that the corresponding discharge specific capacity of NCMCs-2@P-2 material reaches 152.02 m Ah/g at 1 C(1 C=200 m A/g)and 125.66 m Ah/g at 5 C after 300 cycles,and the capacity retention is 78.11%and72.21%,respectively.In addition,it still maintains 156.36 m Ah/g discharge specific capacity at 10 C,and these rate and cycle properties exceed those reported on ultra-high nickel cathode material.Moreover,NCMCs-2@P-2 material has higher migration energy barrier of Ni^(2+)and lower migration energy barrier of Li+than that of NCM955 material.Therefore,NCMCs-2@P-2 material has excellent electrochemical properties,which has been proved by a series of structural characterization,theoretical calculation and performance test.The synergistic enhancement of Cs^(+)doping and PMMA coating accelerates lithium ion diffusion kinetics,stabilizes crystal structure,and inhabits surface/interface side reaction.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2019ZDPY04).
文摘In this work,the TiO_(2)/Sb_(2)S_(3) nanorod arrays(NRAs)were synthesized through a two-stage hydrothermal route for photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting.The effect of annealing treatment in Ar ambience on the PEC activity of TiO_(2)/Sb_(2)S_(3) composite sample was investigated by electrochemical impedance analysis,including Nyquist and Mott-Schottky(M-S)plots.It was demonstrated that vacuum annealing could crystallize Sb_(2)S_(3) component and change its color from red to black,leading to an increment of photocurrent density from 1.9 A/m^(2) to 4.25 A/m^(2) at 0 V versus saturated calomel electrode(VSCE).The enhanced PEC performance was mainly attributed to the improved visible light absorption.Moreover,annealing treatment facilitated retarding the electron-hole recombination occurred at the solid/liquid interfaces.Our work might provide a novel strategy for enhancing the PEC performance of a semiconductor electrode.
基金co-supported by the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Creative Research Groups(Nos.JCKY2021605B003,NP2022405 and 51921003).
文摘Macro electromechanical milling has recently attracted increasing attention because numerous large thin-walled structures composed of difficult-to-cut materials are employed in the aerospace field.This paper reviews recent developments in state-of-the-art macro electromechanical milling.The fundamental aspects of material removal mechanisms,such as the generation and breakdown behaviors of passive oxide films of typical difficult-to-cut materials,were discussed.Rapid methods for breaking down passive films are summarized,and simulation methods for the machining process coupling multiple physical fields are introduced.Specific electrochemical milling methods,including fly mode electrochemical milling and sink electrochemical milling,are classified.Efforts made to improve process performance,such as the material removal rate,surface quality,and machining accuracy,are discussed.In addition,the main hybrid electrochemical milling methods,including electrochemical discharge milling,mechano-electrochemical milling,and electrochemical mill grinding,are also presented.
基金the financial support by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52201282,52071281,52371239)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742945)+4 种基金Hebei Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.B2023003023)the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(No.BJK2022033)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.C2022203003)the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Major Project(No.2020ZD0012)the Baotou Science and Technology Planning Project(No.XM2022BT09).
文摘La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys with superlattice structures are the new generation anode material for nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH)batteries owing to the advantages of high capacity and exceptional activation properties.However,the cycling stability is not currently satisfactory enough which plagues its application.Herein,a strategy of partially substituting La with the Y element is proposed to boost the capacity durability of La-Mg-Ni-based alloys.Furthermore,phase structure regulation is implemented simultaneously to obtain the A5 B19-type alloy with good crystal stability specifically.It is found that Y promotes the phase formation of the Pr5 Co19-type phase after annealing at 985℃.The alloy containing Y contributes to the superior rate capability resulting from the promoted hydrogen diffusion rate.Notably,Y substitution enables strengthening the anti-pulverization ability of the alloy in terms of increasing the volume match between[A_(2)B_(4)]and[AB5]subunits,and effectively enhances the anti-corrosion ability of the alloy due to high electronegativity,realizing improved long-term cycling stability of the alloy from 74.2%to 78.5%after cycling 300 times.The work is expected to shed light on the composition and structure design of the La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy for Ni-MH batteries.
基金the Center of Lithium Battery Membrane Materials jointly established by School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Shenzhen Senior Technology Material Co.Ltd.,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52020105012,52303084)the Young Scientists Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023AFB220)for the support of this work.
文摘The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separators with improved mechanical and electrochemical characteristics.This review covers the improved mechanical and electrochemical performances as well as the advancements made in the design of separators utilizing a variety of techniques.In terms of electrolyte wettability and adhesion of the coating materials,we provide an overview of the current status of research on coated separators,in situ modified separators,and grafting modified separators,and elaborate additional performance parameters of interest.The characteristics of inorganics coated separators,organic framework coated separators and inorganic-organic coated separators from different fabrication methods are compared.Future directions regarding new modified materials,manufacturing process,quantitative analysis of adhesion and so on are proposed toward next-generation advanced lithium batteries.
