During electrochemical machining(ECM),the passivation film formed on the surface of titanium alloy can lead to uneven dissolution and pitting.Solid particle erosion can effectively remove this passivation film.In this...During electrochemical machining(ECM),the passivation film formed on the surface of titanium alloy can lead to uneven dissolution and pitting.Solid particle erosion can effectively remove this passivation film.In this paper,the electrochemical dissolution behavior of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V(TA15)titanium alloy at without particle impact,low(15°)and high(90°)angle particle impact was investigated,and the influence of Al_(2)O_(3)particles on ECM was systematically expounded.It was found that under the condition of no particle erosion,the surface of electrochemically processed titanium alloy had serious pitting corrosion due to the influence of the passivation film,and the surface roughness(Sa)of the local area reached 10.088μm.Under the condition of a high-impact angle(90°),due to the existence of strain hardening and particle embedding,only the edge of the surface is dissolved,while the central area is almost insoluble,with the surface roughness(S_(a))reaching 16.086μm.On the contrary,under the condition of a low-impact angle(15°),the machining efficiency and surface quality of the material were significantly improved due to the ploughing effect and galvanic corrosion,and the surface roughness(S_(a))reached 2.823μm.Based on these findings,the electrochemical dissolution model of TA15 titanium alloy under different particle erosion conditions was established.展开更多
For the efficient electrolytic extraction of Er from spent nuclear fuel,a series of electrochemical methods was used to research the electrochemical behavior of Er(Ⅲ)in the LiCl—KCl system on inert(Mo)electrode and ...For the efficient electrolytic extraction of Er from spent nuclear fuel,a series of electrochemical methods was used to research the electrochemical behavior of Er(Ⅲ)in the LiCl—KCl system on inert(Mo)electrode and on reactive(Ni)electrodes.On the inert Mo electrode,the reduction of Er(Ⅲ)to Er(0)is a onestep with three-electron and quasi-reversible reaction process.Meanwhile,the apparent generation Gibbs free energy and activity coefficients of Er(Ⅲ)on the inert electrode were determined.Thereafter,the electrochemical reduction of Er(Ⅲ)on the Ni electrode was emphatically investigated.Er(Ⅲ)is reduced at a corrected potential owing to the formation of Ni-Er alloys.In addition,thermodynamic parameters such as partial excess Gibbs free energy change of Er in Ni,activity and apparent generation Gibbs free energy of the Ni-Er alloys were determined by the electromotive force method.Finally,different Ni-Er alloys were produced using potentiostatic electrolysis on the Ni cathode by controlling different potentials,Moreover,electrolytic extraction was carried out on the Ni cathode at the potential of-2.0 V,and the separation efficiency of Er reaches 99.72%,which proves the practicability of separating Er from LiCl-KCl eutectic on the reactive Ni cathode.展开更多
The counter-rotating electrochemical machining(CRECM) shows unique potential in the machining of thin-walled rotating parts with complex convex structures. CREM realizes the shaping of complex convex structures throug...The counter-rotating electrochemical machining(CRECM) shows unique potential in the machining of thin-walled rotating parts with complex convex structures. CREM realizes the shaping of complex convex structures through the relative rotation of the cathode and anode.The complex motion pattern and electric field distribution make it difficult to apply the existing cathode design methods to CRECM. To solve this problem, the matrix equations of cathode motion based on the kinematics and the electric field simulation model are established. The motion trajectories and edge contours at different angles are analyzed. The rotational overlap theory of motion trajectories under the windows at different angles is proved. Besides, the relationship between electric field distribution and the convex structure forming under different angle windows is studied, and the fundamental reason for deviations occurs when the convex profile is rotated to coincide is revealed. Therefore, a prediction model of the sidewall dissolution is established to correct this deviation, thereby deriving a high-precision design formula for the cathode windows of the high convex structures. By designing a cathode with oval-like windows to curry out CRECM experiments, the array-arranged(30 × 5) circular high convex structure with a maximum roundness error of 0.065 mm is successfully fabricated.展开更多
The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable products is pivotal for maintaining the global carbon cycle and mitigating global warming.This review explores the advancements in electrochemical CO_(2) ...The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable products is pivotal for maintaining the global carbon cycle and mitigating global warming.This review explores the advancements in electrochemical CO_(2) conversion,particularly focusing on producing methanol,ethanol,and n-propanol using various catalysts such as metals,metal oxides,metal alloys,and metal organic frameworks.Additionally,it covers the photoelectrochemical(PEC)conversion of CO_(2) into alcohols.The primary objective is to identify efficient electrocatalysts for ethanol,methanol,and n-propanol production,prioritizing selectivity,stability,Faradaic efficiency(FE),and current density.Notable catalysts include PtxZn nanoalloys,which exhibit an FE of~81.4% for methanol production,and trimetallic Pt/Pb/Zn nanoalloys,aimed at reducing Pt costs while enhancing catalyst stability and durability.Metal oxide catalysts like thin film Cu_(2)O/CuO on nickel foam and Cu_(2)O/ZnO achieve FE values of~38% and~16.6% for methanol production,respectively.Copper-based metal-organic frameworks,such as Cu@Cu_(2)O,demonstrate an FE of~45% for methanol production.Similarly,Ag_(0.14)/Cu_(0.86) and Cu-Zn alloys exhibit FEs of~63% and~46.6%,respectively,for ethanol production.Notably,n-propanol production via Pd–Cu alloy and graphene/ZnO/Cu_(2)O yields FEs of~13.7% and~23%,respectively.Furthermore,the review discusses recent advancements in PEC reactor design,photoelectrodes,reaction mechanisms,and catalyst durability.By evaluating the efficiency of these devices in liquid fuel production,the review addresses challenges and prospects in CO_(2) conversion for obtaining various valuable products.展开更多
The advancement of clean electricity is positioning electrochemical reactors at the forefront of future electrosynthesis technologies.Solid-state electrolyte(SSE)reactors emerge for their distinctive configurations an...The advancement of clean electricity is positioning electrochemical reactors at the forefront of future electrosynthesis technologies.Solid-state electrolyte(SSE)reactors emerge for their distinctive configurations and ability to produce high-purity fuels and chemicals efficiently without additional purification steps.This marks a substantial development in electrochemical synthesis.In this perspective,we critically examine cutting-edge innovations in SSE devices with particular emphasis on the architectural introduction of core cell components,novel electrochemical cell configurations,and assembly methodologies.The use of SSE reactors is presently undergoing a pivotal transition from fundamental laboratory investigations to large-scale engineering implementations,demonstrating remarkable progress in multiple domains:(1)sustainable synthesis of high-value organic acids(formic and acetic acids),(2)production of critical oxidizers hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))and liquid fuels(ethanol),(3)ammonia(NH_(3))production,(4)carbon capture technologies,(5)lithium recovery and recycling,and(6)tandem or coupling strategies for high-value-added products.Importantly,the transformative potential in environmental remediation,particularly for airborne pollutant sequestration and advanced wastewater purification,is addressed.Additionally,the innovative architectural blueprints for next-generation SSE stack are presented,aiming to establish a comprehensive framework to guide the transition from laboratory-scale innovation to industrial-scale deployment of SSE devices in the foreseeable future.展开更多
The ultra-high nickel cathode material has important application prospect in power lithium-ion batteries.However,the poor structural stability and serious surface/interfacial side reactions during long cycles severely...The ultra-high nickel cathode material has important application prospect in power lithium-ion batteries.However,the poor structural stability and serious surface/interfacial side reactions during long cycles severely hinder the material's practical application.In this paper,Cs^(+)doping and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)coating are used to synergistically modify the NCM955 material.The results show that the corresponding discharge specific capacity of NCMCs-2@P-2 material reaches 152.02 m Ah/g at 1 C(1 C=200 m A/g)and 125.66 m Ah/g at 5 C after 300 cycles,and the capacity retention is 78.11%and72.21%,respectively.In addition,it still maintains 156.36 m Ah/g discharge specific capacity at 10 C,and these rate and cycle properties exceed those reported on ultra-high nickel cathode material.Moreover,NCMCs-2@P-2 material has higher migration energy barrier of Ni^(2+)and lower migration energy barrier of Li+than that of NCM955 material.Therefore,NCMCs-2@P-2 material has excellent electrochemical properties,which has been proved by a series of structural characterization,theoretical calculation and performance test.The synergistic enhancement of Cs^(+)doping and PMMA coating accelerates lithium ion diffusion kinetics,stabilizes crystal structure,and inhabits surface/interface side reaction.展开更多
In this work,the TiO_(2)/Sb_(2)S_(3) nanorod arrays(NRAs)were synthesized through a two-stage hydrothermal route for photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting.The effect of annealing treatment in Ar ambience on the PEC...In this work,the TiO_(2)/Sb_(2)S_(3) nanorod arrays(NRAs)were synthesized through a two-stage hydrothermal route for photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting.The effect of annealing treatment in Ar ambience on the PEC activity of TiO_(2)/Sb_(2)S_(3) composite sample was investigated by electrochemical impedance analysis,including Nyquist and Mott-Schottky(M-S)plots.It was demonstrated that vacuum annealing could crystallize Sb_(2)S_(3) component and change its color from red to black,leading to an increment of photocurrent density from 1.9 A/m^(2) to 4.25 A/m^(2) at 0 V versus saturated calomel electrode(VSCE).The enhanced PEC performance was mainly attributed to the improved visible light absorption.Moreover,annealing treatment facilitated retarding the electron-hole recombination occurred at the solid/liquid interfaces.Our work might provide a novel strategy for enhancing the PEC performance of a semiconductor electrode.展开更多
La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys with superlattice structures are the new generation anode material for nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH)batteries owing to the advantages of high capacity and exceptional activation pr...La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys with superlattice structures are the new generation anode material for nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH)batteries owing to the advantages of high capacity and exceptional activation properties.However,the cycling stability is not currently satisfactory enough which plagues its application.Herein,a strategy of partially substituting La with the Y element is proposed to boost the capacity durability of La-Mg-Ni-based alloys.Furthermore,phase structure regulation is implemented simultaneously to obtain the A5 B19-type alloy with good crystal stability specifically.It is found that Y promotes the phase formation of the Pr5 Co19-type phase after annealing at 985℃.The alloy containing Y contributes to the superior rate capability resulting from the promoted hydrogen diffusion rate.Notably,Y substitution enables strengthening the anti-pulverization ability of the alloy in terms of increasing the volume match between[A_(2)B_(4)]and[AB5]subunits,and effectively enhances the anti-corrosion ability of the alloy due to high electronegativity,realizing improved long-term cycling stability of the alloy from 74.2%to 78.5%after cycling 300 times.The work is expected to shed light on the composition and structure design of the La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy for Ni-MH batteries.展开更多
Macro electromechanical milling has recently attracted increasing attention because numerous large thin-walled structures composed of difficult-to-cut materials are employed in the aerospace field.This paper reviews r...Macro electromechanical milling has recently attracted increasing attention because numerous large thin-walled structures composed of difficult-to-cut materials are employed in the aerospace field.This paper reviews recent developments in state-of-the-art macro electromechanical milling.The fundamental aspects of material removal mechanisms,such as the generation and breakdown behaviors of passive oxide films of typical difficult-to-cut materials,were discussed.Rapid methods for breaking down passive films are summarized,and simulation methods for the machining process coupling multiple physical fields are introduced.Specific electrochemical milling methods,including fly mode electrochemical milling and sink electrochemical milling,are classified.Efforts made to improve process performance,such as the material removal rate,surface quality,and machining accuracy,are discussed.In addition,the main hybrid electrochemical milling methods,including electrochemical discharge milling,mechano-electrochemical milling,and electrochemical mill grinding,are also presented.展开更多
The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separat...The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separators with improved mechanical and electrochemical characteristics.This review covers the improved mechanical and electrochemical performances as well as the advancements made in the design of separators utilizing a variety of techniques.In terms of electrolyte wettability and adhesion of the coating materials,we provide an overview of the current status of research on coated separators,in situ modified separators,and grafting modified separators,and elaborate additional performance parameters of interest.The characteristics of inorganics coated separators,organic framework coated separators and inorganic-organic coated separators from different fabrication methods are compared.Future directions regarding new modified materials,manufacturing process,quantitative analysis of adhesion and so on are proposed toward next-generation advanced lithium batteries.展开更多
A novel precipitate-free Mg-0.1Sn anode with a homogeneous equal-axis grain structure was developed and rolled successfully at 573 K.Electrochemical test results indicate that the Mg-0.1Sn alloy exhibits enhanced anod...A novel precipitate-free Mg-0.1Sn anode with a homogeneous equal-axis grain structure was developed and rolled successfully at 573 K.Electrochemical test results indicate that the Mg-0.1Sn alloy exhibits enhanced anode dissolution kinetics.A Mg-air battery prepared using this anode exhibits a cell voltage of 1.626 V at 0.5 mA/cm^(2),reasonable anodic efficiency of 58.17%,and good specific energy of 1730.96 mW·h/g at 10 mA/cm^(2).This performance is attributed to the effective reactive anode surface,the suppressed chunk effect,and weak self-corrosion owing to the homogeneous basal texture.展开更多
Electrochemical sensors,with their outstanding sensitivity,excellent selectivity,ease of operation,and lower manufacturing costs,have found widespread applications in fields such as disease diagnosis,environmental mon...Electrochemical sensors,with their outstanding sensitivity,excellent selectivity,ease of operation,and lower manufacturing costs,have found widespread applications in fields such as disease diagnosis,environmental monitoring,and food safety.In the development of sensing materials,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have become a research hotspot due to their high specific surface area,tunable pore structures,and high designability.Recently,conductive metal-organic frameworks(CMOFs)have brought innovative opportunities to the field of electrochemical sensing,attributing to their remarkable capabilities in catalysis,electron transport,and signal amplification.This review summarizes the significant progress of CMOFs in the field of electrochemical sensing.Firstly,the design and synthesis strategies for CMOFs used in electrochemical sensing are explored,including enhancing the electrochemical properties of MOFs through precise design of different metal nodes and ligands or via post-synthetic modification techniques,covering Cu-based CMOFs,Ni-based CMOFs,Fe-based CMOFs,and CMOF composites.Furthermore,this article elaborately discusses the breakthrough achievements of electrochemical sensors based on CMOFs in applications such as the determination of inorganic ions,detection of organic pollutants,and recognition of gases and biomolecules,and introduces the principles of electrochemical sensing methods and the role of CMOFs in enhancing the performance of electrochemical sensors.Finally,this review analyzes the main challenges currently faced by CMOFs in the field of electrochemical sensors and offers perspectives on their future development.These challenges mainly include stability,selectivity,production costs,and the realization of their large-scale application.CMOFs provide new ideas and material platforms for the development of electrochemical sensors.As researchers deepen their understanding of their properties and technological advances continue,the application prospects of CMOF-based electrochemical sensors will be even broader.展开更多
Large size titanium alloy parts are widely used in aerospace.However,they are difficult to manufacture using mechanical cutting technology because of severe tool wear.Electrochemical jet machining is a promising techn...Large size titanium alloy parts are widely used in aerospace.However,they are difficult to manufacture using mechanical cutting technology because of severe tool wear.Electrochemical jet machining is a promising technology to achieve high efficiency,because it has high machining flexibility and no machining tool wear.However,reports on the macro electrochemical jet machining of large size titanium alloy parts are very scarce,because it is difficult to achieve effective constraint of the flow field in macro electrochemical jet machining.In addition,titanium alloy is very sensitive to fluctuation of the flow field,and a turbulent flow field would lead to serious stray corrosion.This paper reports a series of investigations of the electrochemical jet machining of titanium alloy parts.Based on the flow analysis and experiments,the machining flow field was effectively constrained.TB6 titanium alloy part with a perimeter of one meter was machined.The machined surface was smooth with no obvious machining defects.The machining process was particularly stable with no obvious spark discharge.The research provides a reference for the application of electrochemical jet machining technology to achieve large allowance material removal in the machining of large titanium alloy parts.展开更多
Under the laser directed energy deposition(LDED)process,the rapid melting and solidification usually lead to the emergence of pores and coarse columnar dendrites,which in turn compromise the properties of the deposite...Under the laser directed energy deposition(LDED)process,the rapid melting and solidification usually lead to the emergence of pores and coarse columnar dendrites,which in turn compromise the properties of the deposited alloys.This study introduced in-situ ultrasonic rolling(UR)as an innovative method to enhance the corrosion resistance of LDED specimens,and the microstructural characteristics and their correlation with corrosion resistance were deeply investigated.The findings reveal that the LDED-UR specimen exhibits a reduction in both the fraction and size of pores.Under the influence of severe plastic deformation generated by LDED-UR process,fully equiaxed grains appear with a reduced average size of 28.61μm(compared to63.98μm for the LDED specimen with columnar grains).The electrochemical corrosion resistance of the LDED-UR specimen is significantly enhanced compared to the LDED specimen.This enhanced corrosion resistance can be attributed to the low fraction of small-sized pores,the fine and uniformly distributed Cr-enriched ferrite phase,and the formation of a compact and thick passive film due to dense grain boundaries.The insight of the correlation between microstructure and corrosion behavior opens up a new pathway to enhance the corrosion resistance of LDED specimens.展开更多
All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)are strongly considered as the next-generation energy storage devices for their high energy density and intrinsic safety.The solid-solid contact between lithium metal and solid...All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)are strongly considered as the next-generation energy storage devices for their high energy density and intrinsic safety.The solid-solid contact between lithium metal and solid electrolyte plays a vital role in the performance of working ASSLBs,which is challenging to investigate quantitatively by experimental approach.This work proposed a quantitative model based on the finite element method for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy simulation of different solid-solid contact states in ASSLBs.With the assistance of an equivalent circuit model and distribution of relaxation times,it is discovered that as the number of voids and the sharpness of cracks increase,the contact resistance Rcgrows and ultimately dominates the battery impedance.Through accurate fitting,inverse proportional relations between contact resistance Rcand(1-porosity)as well as crack angle was disclosed.This contribution affords a fresh insight into clarifying solid-solid contact states in ASSLBs.展开更多
Delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles with a mixture of 2H and 3R phases were successfully fabricated by using a simple co-precipitation method.The resulting precursor was calcined at temperatures of 100,200,300,400,and ...Delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles with a mixture of 2H and 3R phases were successfully fabricated by using a simple co-precipitation method.The resulting precursor was calcined at temperatures of 100,200,300,400,and 500℃to obtain the delafossite AgFe0_(2)phase.The morphology and microstructure of the prepared AgFeO_(2)samples were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),N_(2) adsorption/desorption,X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS),and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)techniques.A three-electrode system was employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles in a 3 M KOH electrolyte.The delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles calcined at 100℃(AFO100)exhibited the highest surface area of 28.02 m^(2)·g^(-1)and outstanding electrochemical performance with specific capacitances of 229.71 F·g^(-1)at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1)and 358.32 F·g^(-1)at a scan rate of 2 mV·s^(-1).This sample also demonstrated the capacitance retention of 82.99% after 1000 charge/discharge cycles,along with superior specific power and specific energy values of 797.46 W·kg^(-1)and 72.74Wh·kg^(-1),respectively.These findings indicate that delafossite AgFeO_(2)has great potential as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications.展开更多
Improvements in aero-engine performance have made the structures of the aero-engine components increasingly complex.To better adapt to the processing requirements of narrow twisted channels such as an integral shroude...Improvements in aero-engine performance have made the structures of the aero-engine components increasingly complex.To better adapt to the processing requirements of narrow twisted channels such as an integral shrouded blisk,this study proposes an innovative method of electrochemical cutting in which a flexible tube electrode is controlled by online deformation during processing.In this study,the processing principle of electrochemical cutting with a flexible electrode for controlled online deformation(FECC)was revealed for the first time.The online deformation process of flexible electrodes and the machining process of profiles were analysed in depth,and the corresponding theoretical models were established.Conventional electrochemical machining(ECM)is a multi-physical field-coupled process involving electric and flow fields.In FECC,classical mechanics are introduced into the tool cathode,which must be loaded at all times during the machining process.Therefore,in this study,before and after the deformation of the flexible electrode,a corresponding simulation study was conducted to understand the influence of the online deformation of the flexible electrode on the flow and electric fields.The feasibility of flexible electrodes for online deformation and the validity of the theoretical model were verified by deformation measurements and in situ observation experiments.Finally,the method was successfully applied to the machining of nickel-based high-temperature alloys,and different specifications of flexible electrodes were used to complete the machining of the corresponding complex profiles,thereby verifying the feasibility and versatility of the method.The method proposed in this study breaks the tradition of using a non-deformable cathode for ECM and adopts a flexible electrode that can be deformed during the machining process as the tool cathode,which improves machining flexibility and provides a valuable reference to promote the ECM of complex profiles.展开更多
Biomass-derived heteroatom self-doped cathode catalysts has attracted considerable interest for electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs)due to its high performance and sustainable synthesis.Herein,we illust...Biomass-derived heteroatom self-doped cathode catalysts has attracted considerable interest for electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs)due to its high performance and sustainable synthesis.Herein,we illustrated the morphological fates of waste leaf-derived graphitic carbon(WLGC)produced from waste ginkgo leaves via pyrolysis temperature regulation and used as bifunctional cathode catalyst for simultaneous H_(2)O_(2) electrochemical generation and organic pollutant degradation,discovering S/N-self-doping shown to facilitate a synergistic effect on reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation.Under the optimum temperature of 800℃,the WLGC exhibited a H_(2)O_(2) selectivity of 94.2%and tetracycline removal of 99.3%within 60 min.Density functional theory calculations and in-situ Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy verified that graphitic N was the critical site for H_(2)O_(2) generation.While pyridinic N and thiophene S were the main active sites responsible for OH generation,N vacancies were the active sites to produce ^(1)O_(2) from O_(2).The performance of the novel cathode for tetracycline degradation remains well under a wide pH range(3–11),maintaining excellent stability in 10 cycles.It is also industrially applicable,achieving satisfactory performance treating in real water matrices.This system facilitates both radical and non-radical degradation,offering valuable advances in the preparation of cost-effective and sustainable electrocatalysts and hold strong potentials in metal-free EAOPs for organic pollutant degradation.展开更多
In fulfillment of the national science-and-technology development agenda, the Department of Chemical Sciences of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) convened the Strategic Symposium on the Fifteent...In fulfillment of the national science-and-technology development agenda, the Department of Chemical Sciences of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) convened the Strategic Symposium on the Fifteenth FiveYear (20262030) Development Plan for Electrochemistry held in Xiamen on 29 August, 2025-the culminating year of the Fourteenth Five-Year (2021-2025) Development Plan. More than forty leading experts in the field of electrochemistry participated with spanning nine thematic fronts: Interfacial Electrocatalysis, Interfacial Electrochemistry for Energy Storage, Bioelectrochemistry, Electrochemistry of Hydrogen Energy, Electrochemical Micro-/Nano-Manufacturing, Operando Electrochemical Characterization, Electro-Thermal Coupling Catalysis, Theoretical and Computational Electrochemistry,and Electrochemical Synthesis. The forum assembled China's foremost electrochemical expertise to blueprint high-quality disciplinary growth for the coming five-year period, thereby serving overarching national strategic needs and sharpening the international competitiveness of Chinese electrochemistry.This paper is presented to highlight the strategic needs and priority areas for the next five years (2026-2030) based on this symposium. The development status of basic research and applied basic research in China's electrochemistry field is systematically reviewed. The in-depth analyses of the existing problems and key challenges in the research and development of electrochemistry related fields are outlined, and the frontier research areas and development trends in the next 5-10 years by integrating national major strategic needs are discussed, which will further promote the academic community to reach a clearer consensus. The proposed strategic roadmap is intended to accelerate a sharpened community consensus, propel the discipline toward high-quality advancement, and furnish a critical reference for building China into a world-leading science and technology power.展开更多
Because of their low electrical conductivity,sluggish ion diffusion,and poor stability,conventional electrode materials are not able to meet the growing demands of energy storage and portable devices.Graphene assemble...Because of their low electrical conductivity,sluggish ion diffusion,and poor stability,conventional electrode materials are not able to meet the growing demands of energy storage and portable devices.Graphene assembled films(GAFs)formed from graphene nanosheets have an ultrahigh conductivity,a unique 2D network structure,and exceptional mechanical strength,which give them the potential to solve these problems.However,a systematic understanding of GAFs as an advanced electrode material is lacking.This review focuses on the use of GAFs in electrochemistry,providing a comprehensive analysis of their synthesis methods,surface/structural characteristics,and physical properties,and thus understand their structure-property relationships.Their advantages in batteries,supercapacitors,and electrochemical sensors are systematically evaluated,with an emphasis on their excellent electrical conductivity,ion transport kinetics,and interfacial stability.The existing problems in these devices,such as chemical inertness and mechanical brittleness,are discussed and potential solutions are proposed,including defect engineering and hybrid structures.This review should deepen our mechanistic understanding of the use of GAFs in electrochemical systems and provide actionable strategies for developing stable,high-performance electrode materials.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52175414)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20220134)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.NE2023002)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(No.KYCX24_0559)。
文摘During electrochemical machining(ECM),the passivation film formed on the surface of titanium alloy can lead to uneven dissolution and pitting.Solid particle erosion can effectively remove this passivation film.In this paper,the electrochemical dissolution behavior of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V(TA15)titanium alloy at without particle impact,low(15°)and high(90°)angle particle impact was investigated,and the influence of Al_(2)O_(3)particles on ECM was systematically expounded.It was found that under the condition of no particle erosion,the surface of electrochemically processed titanium alloy had serious pitting corrosion due to the influence of the passivation film,and the surface roughness(Sa)of the local area reached 10.088μm.Under the condition of a high-impact angle(90°),due to the existence of strain hardening and particle embedding,only the edge of the surface is dissolved,while the central area is almost insoluble,with the surface roughness(S_(a))reaching 16.086μm.On the contrary,under the condition of a low-impact angle(15°),the machining efficiency and surface quality of the material were significantly improved due to the ploughing effect and galvanic corrosion,and the surface roughness(S_(a))reached 2.823μm.Based on these findings,the electrochemical dissolution model of TA15 titanium alloy under different particle erosion conditions was established.
基金Project supported by Ph.D.Student Research and Innovation Fund of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3072023GIP1005)。
文摘For the efficient electrolytic extraction of Er from spent nuclear fuel,a series of electrochemical methods was used to research the electrochemical behavior of Er(Ⅲ)in the LiCl—KCl system on inert(Mo)electrode and on reactive(Ni)electrodes.On the inert Mo electrode,the reduction of Er(Ⅲ)to Er(0)is a onestep with three-electron and quasi-reversible reaction process.Meanwhile,the apparent generation Gibbs free energy and activity coefficients of Er(Ⅲ)on the inert electrode were determined.Thereafter,the electrochemical reduction of Er(Ⅲ)on the Ni electrode was emphatically investigated.Er(Ⅲ)is reduced at a corrected potential owing to the formation of Ni-Er alloys.In addition,thermodynamic parameters such as partial excess Gibbs free energy change of Er in Ni,activity and apparent generation Gibbs free energy of the Ni-Er alloys were determined by the electromotive force method.Finally,different Ni-Er alloys were produced using potentiostatic electrolysis on the Ni cathode by controlling different potentials,Moreover,electrolytic extraction was carried out on the Ni cathode at the potential of-2.0 V,and the separation efficiency of Er reaches 99.72%,which proves the practicability of separating Er from LiCl-KCl eutectic on the reactive Ni cathode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no.52175414)National Natural Science Foundation of China for Creative Research Groups (51921003)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK20220134)Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (No. KYCX22_0344)。
文摘The counter-rotating electrochemical machining(CRECM) shows unique potential in the machining of thin-walled rotating parts with complex convex structures. CREM realizes the shaping of complex convex structures through the relative rotation of the cathode and anode.The complex motion pattern and electric field distribution make it difficult to apply the existing cathode design methods to CRECM. To solve this problem, the matrix equations of cathode motion based on the kinematics and the electric field simulation model are established. The motion trajectories and edge contours at different angles are analyzed. The rotational overlap theory of motion trajectories under the windows at different angles is proved. Besides, the relationship between electric field distribution and the convex structure forming under different angle windows is studied, and the fundamental reason for deviations occurs when the convex profile is rotated to coincide is revealed. Therefore, a prediction model of the sidewall dissolution is established to correct this deviation, thereby deriving a high-precision design formula for the cathode windows of the high convex structures. By designing a cathode with oval-like windows to curry out CRECM experiments, the array-arranged(30 × 5) circular high convex structure with a maximum roundness error of 0.065 mm is successfully fabricated.
基金the financial support from National Science Centre Poland(NCN)based on the decision number UMO-2021/43/D/ST5/00824financial support of research project supported by the program“Excellence Initiative-Research University”for the AGH University of Krakow.
文摘The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable products is pivotal for maintaining the global carbon cycle and mitigating global warming.This review explores the advancements in electrochemical CO_(2) conversion,particularly focusing on producing methanol,ethanol,and n-propanol using various catalysts such as metals,metal oxides,metal alloys,and metal organic frameworks.Additionally,it covers the photoelectrochemical(PEC)conversion of CO_(2) into alcohols.The primary objective is to identify efficient electrocatalysts for ethanol,methanol,and n-propanol production,prioritizing selectivity,stability,Faradaic efficiency(FE),and current density.Notable catalysts include PtxZn nanoalloys,which exhibit an FE of~81.4% for methanol production,and trimetallic Pt/Pb/Zn nanoalloys,aimed at reducing Pt costs while enhancing catalyst stability and durability.Metal oxide catalysts like thin film Cu_(2)O/CuO on nickel foam and Cu_(2)O/ZnO achieve FE values of~38% and~16.6% for methanol production,respectively.Copper-based metal-organic frameworks,such as Cu@Cu_(2)O,demonstrate an FE of~45% for methanol production.Similarly,Ag_(0.14)/Cu_(0.86) and Cu-Zn alloys exhibit FEs of~63% and~46.6%,respectively,for ethanol production.Notably,n-propanol production via Pd–Cu alloy and graphene/ZnO/Cu_(2)O yields FEs of~13.7% and~23%,respectively.Furthermore,the review discusses recent advancements in PEC reactor design,photoelectrodes,reaction mechanisms,and catalyst durability.By evaluating the efficiency of these devices in liquid fuel production,the review addresses challenges and prospects in CO_(2) conversion for obtaining various valuable products.
基金support from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.PolyU25213824)Hong Kong Polytechnic University(WZ4Q,CDBZ,CE2Y)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22205187)Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Commission(JCYJ20230807140402006)Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(2023A1515110123,2024A1515012390)MTR Research Funding Scheme(PTU-24028).
文摘The advancement of clean electricity is positioning electrochemical reactors at the forefront of future electrosynthesis technologies.Solid-state electrolyte(SSE)reactors emerge for their distinctive configurations and ability to produce high-purity fuels and chemicals efficiently without additional purification steps.This marks a substantial development in electrochemical synthesis.In this perspective,we critically examine cutting-edge innovations in SSE devices with particular emphasis on the architectural introduction of core cell components,novel electrochemical cell configurations,and assembly methodologies.The use of SSE reactors is presently undergoing a pivotal transition from fundamental laboratory investigations to large-scale engineering implementations,demonstrating remarkable progress in multiple domains:(1)sustainable synthesis of high-value organic acids(formic and acetic acids),(2)production of critical oxidizers hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))and liquid fuels(ethanol),(3)ammonia(NH_(3))production,(4)carbon capture technologies,(5)lithium recovery and recycling,and(6)tandem or coupling strategies for high-value-added products.Importantly,the transformative potential in environmental remediation,particularly for airborne pollutant sequestration and advanced wastewater purification,is addressed.Additionally,the innovative architectural blueprints for next-generation SSE stack are presented,aiming to establish a comprehensive framework to guide the transition from laboratory-scale innovation to industrial-scale deployment of SSE devices in the foreseeable future.
基金supported the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.22362011,22169007,51804199)the Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(No.AA19046001)+2 种基金the Open Research Fund of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials(Nos.EMFM20201105,EMFM20181119)Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(No.20231211121324001)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KQTD20180412181422399)。
文摘The ultra-high nickel cathode material has important application prospect in power lithium-ion batteries.However,the poor structural stability and serious surface/interfacial side reactions during long cycles severely hinder the material's practical application.In this paper,Cs^(+)doping and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)coating are used to synergistically modify the NCM955 material.The results show that the corresponding discharge specific capacity of NCMCs-2@P-2 material reaches 152.02 m Ah/g at 1 C(1 C=200 m A/g)and 125.66 m Ah/g at 5 C after 300 cycles,and the capacity retention is 78.11%and72.21%,respectively.In addition,it still maintains 156.36 m Ah/g discharge specific capacity at 10 C,and these rate and cycle properties exceed those reported on ultra-high nickel cathode material.Moreover,NCMCs-2@P-2 material has higher migration energy barrier of Ni^(2+)and lower migration energy barrier of Li+than that of NCM955 material.Therefore,NCMCs-2@P-2 material has excellent electrochemical properties,which has been proved by a series of structural characterization,theoretical calculation and performance test.The synergistic enhancement of Cs^(+)doping and PMMA coating accelerates lithium ion diffusion kinetics,stabilizes crystal structure,and inhabits surface/interface side reaction.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2019ZDPY04).
文摘In this work,the TiO_(2)/Sb_(2)S_(3) nanorod arrays(NRAs)were synthesized through a two-stage hydrothermal route for photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting.The effect of annealing treatment in Ar ambience on the PEC activity of TiO_(2)/Sb_(2)S_(3) composite sample was investigated by electrochemical impedance analysis,including Nyquist and Mott-Schottky(M-S)plots.It was demonstrated that vacuum annealing could crystallize Sb_(2)S_(3) component and change its color from red to black,leading to an increment of photocurrent density from 1.9 A/m^(2) to 4.25 A/m^(2) at 0 V versus saturated calomel electrode(VSCE).The enhanced PEC performance was mainly attributed to the improved visible light absorption.Moreover,annealing treatment facilitated retarding the electron-hole recombination occurred at the solid/liquid interfaces.Our work might provide a novel strategy for enhancing the PEC performance of a semiconductor electrode.
基金the financial support by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52201282,52071281,52371239)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742945)+4 种基金Hebei Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.B2023003023)the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(No.BJK2022033)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.C2022203003)the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Major Project(No.2020ZD0012)the Baotou Science and Technology Planning Project(No.XM2022BT09).
文摘La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys with superlattice structures are the new generation anode material for nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH)batteries owing to the advantages of high capacity and exceptional activation properties.However,the cycling stability is not currently satisfactory enough which plagues its application.Herein,a strategy of partially substituting La with the Y element is proposed to boost the capacity durability of La-Mg-Ni-based alloys.Furthermore,phase structure regulation is implemented simultaneously to obtain the A5 B19-type alloy with good crystal stability specifically.It is found that Y promotes the phase formation of the Pr5 Co19-type phase after annealing at 985℃.The alloy containing Y contributes to the superior rate capability resulting from the promoted hydrogen diffusion rate.Notably,Y substitution enables strengthening the anti-pulverization ability of the alloy in terms of increasing the volume match between[A_(2)B_(4)]and[AB5]subunits,and effectively enhances the anti-corrosion ability of the alloy due to high electronegativity,realizing improved long-term cycling stability of the alloy from 74.2%to 78.5%after cycling 300 times.The work is expected to shed light on the composition and structure design of the La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy for Ni-MH batteries.
基金co-supported by the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Creative Research Groups(Nos.JCKY2021605B003,NP2022405 and 51921003).
文摘Macro electromechanical milling has recently attracted increasing attention because numerous large thin-walled structures composed of difficult-to-cut materials are employed in the aerospace field.This paper reviews recent developments in state-of-the-art macro electromechanical milling.The fundamental aspects of material removal mechanisms,such as the generation and breakdown behaviors of passive oxide films of typical difficult-to-cut materials,were discussed.Rapid methods for breaking down passive films are summarized,and simulation methods for the machining process coupling multiple physical fields are introduced.Specific electrochemical milling methods,including fly mode electrochemical milling and sink electrochemical milling,are classified.Efforts made to improve process performance,such as the material removal rate,surface quality,and machining accuracy,are discussed.In addition,the main hybrid electrochemical milling methods,including electrochemical discharge milling,mechano-electrochemical milling,and electrochemical mill grinding,are also presented.
基金the Center of Lithium Battery Membrane Materials jointly established by School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Shenzhen Senior Technology Material Co.Ltd.,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52020105012,52303084)the Young Scientists Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023AFB220)for the support of this work.
文摘The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separators with improved mechanical and electrochemical characteristics.This review covers the improved mechanical and electrochemical performances as well as the advancements made in the design of separators utilizing a variety of techniques.In terms of electrolyte wettability and adhesion of the coating materials,we provide an overview of the current status of research on coated separators,in situ modified separators,and grafting modified separators,and elaborate additional performance parameters of interest.The characteristics of inorganics coated separators,organic framework coated separators and inorganic-organic coated separators from different fabrication methods are compared.Future directions regarding new modified materials,manufacturing process,quantitative analysis of adhesion and so on are proposed toward next-generation advanced lithium batteries.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51901153)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2019032)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi,China(No.202103021224049)the Shanxi Zhejiang University New Materials and Chemical Research Institute Scientific Research Project,China(No.2022SX-TD025)。
文摘A novel precipitate-free Mg-0.1Sn anode with a homogeneous equal-axis grain structure was developed and rolled successfully at 573 K.Electrochemical test results indicate that the Mg-0.1Sn alloy exhibits enhanced anode dissolution kinetics.A Mg-air battery prepared using this anode exhibits a cell voltage of 1.626 V at 0.5 mA/cm^(2),reasonable anodic efficiency of 58.17%,and good specific energy of 1730.96 mW·h/g at 10 mA/cm^(2).This performance is attributed to the effective reactive anode surface,the suppressed chunk effect,and weak self-corrosion owing to the homogeneous basal texture.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22204089,52201281,and22234006)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2023MB016)。
文摘Electrochemical sensors,with their outstanding sensitivity,excellent selectivity,ease of operation,and lower manufacturing costs,have found widespread applications in fields such as disease diagnosis,environmental monitoring,and food safety.In the development of sensing materials,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have become a research hotspot due to their high specific surface area,tunable pore structures,and high designability.Recently,conductive metal-organic frameworks(CMOFs)have brought innovative opportunities to the field of electrochemical sensing,attributing to their remarkable capabilities in catalysis,electron transport,and signal amplification.This review summarizes the significant progress of CMOFs in the field of electrochemical sensing.Firstly,the design and synthesis strategies for CMOFs used in electrochemical sensing are explored,including enhancing the electrochemical properties of MOFs through precise design of different metal nodes and ligands or via post-synthetic modification techniques,covering Cu-based CMOFs,Ni-based CMOFs,Fe-based CMOFs,and CMOF composites.Furthermore,this article elaborately discusses the breakthrough achievements of electrochemical sensors based on CMOFs in applications such as the determination of inorganic ions,detection of organic pollutants,and recognition of gases and biomolecules,and introduces the principles of electrochemical sensing methods and the role of CMOFs in enhancing the performance of electrochemical sensors.Finally,this review analyzes the main challenges currently faced by CMOFs in the field of electrochemical sensors and offers perspectives on their future development.These challenges mainly include stability,selectivity,production costs,and the realization of their large-scale application.CMOFs provide new ideas and material platforms for the development of electrochemical sensors.As researchers deepen their understanding of their properties and technological advances continue,the application prospects of CMOF-based electrochemical sensors will be even broader.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52205468)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M710061 and No.2023T160277)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20210755)。
文摘Large size titanium alloy parts are widely used in aerospace.However,they are difficult to manufacture using mechanical cutting technology because of severe tool wear.Electrochemical jet machining is a promising technology to achieve high efficiency,because it has high machining flexibility and no machining tool wear.However,reports on the macro electrochemical jet machining of large size titanium alloy parts are very scarce,because it is difficult to achieve effective constraint of the flow field in macro electrochemical jet machining.In addition,titanium alloy is very sensitive to fluctuation of the flow field,and a turbulent flow field would lead to serious stray corrosion.This paper reports a series of investigations of the electrochemical jet machining of titanium alloy parts.Based on the flow analysis and experiments,the machining flow field was effectively constrained.TB6 titanium alloy part with a perimeter of one meter was machined.The machined surface was smooth with no obvious machining defects.The machining process was particularly stable with no obvious spark discharge.The research provides a reference for the application of electrochemical jet machining technology to achieve large allowance material removal in the machining of large titanium alloy parts.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52305440)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City (Nos.kq2208272,kq2208274)+1 种基金the Tribology Science Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLTKF22B09)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB3706902)。
文摘Under the laser directed energy deposition(LDED)process,the rapid melting and solidification usually lead to the emergence of pores and coarse columnar dendrites,which in turn compromise the properties of the deposited alloys.This study introduced in-situ ultrasonic rolling(UR)as an innovative method to enhance the corrosion resistance of LDED specimens,and the microstructural characteristics and their correlation with corrosion resistance were deeply investigated.The findings reveal that the LDED-UR specimen exhibits a reduction in both the fraction and size of pores.Under the influence of severe plastic deformation generated by LDED-UR process,fully equiaxed grains appear with a reduced average size of 28.61μm(compared to63.98μm for the LDED specimen with columnar grains).The electrochemical corrosion resistance of the LDED-UR specimen is significantly enhanced compared to the LDED specimen.This enhanced corrosion resistance can be attributed to the low fraction of small-sized pores,the fine and uniformly distributed Cr-enriched ferrite phase,and the formation of a compact and thick passive film due to dense grain boundaries.The insight of the correlation between microstructure and corrosion behavior opens up a new pathway to enhance the corrosion resistance of LDED specimens.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z200011,L233004)the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB2500300)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52394170,52394171,22109011,22393900,and 22108151)the Tsinghua-Jiangyin Innovation Special Fund(TJISF)(2022JYTH0101)the S&T Program of Hebei(22344402D)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program.
文摘All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)are strongly considered as the next-generation energy storage devices for their high energy density and intrinsic safety.The solid-solid contact between lithium metal and solid electrolyte plays a vital role in the performance of working ASSLBs,which is challenging to investigate quantitatively by experimental approach.This work proposed a quantitative model based on the finite element method for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy simulation of different solid-solid contact states in ASSLBs.With the assistance of an equivalent circuit model and distribution of relaxation times,it is discovered that as the number of voids and the sharpness of cracks increase,the contact resistance Rcgrows and ultimately dominates the battery impedance.Through accurate fitting,inverse proportional relations between contact resistance Rcand(1-porosity)as well as crack angle was disclosed.This contribution affords a fresh insight into clarifying solid-solid contact states in ASSLBs.
基金Suranaree University of Technology(SUT)Thailand Science,Research and Innovation(TSRI)National Science,Research and Innovation Fund(NSRF)(project cord.179314)。
文摘Delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles with a mixture of 2H and 3R phases were successfully fabricated by using a simple co-precipitation method.The resulting precursor was calcined at temperatures of 100,200,300,400,and 500℃to obtain the delafossite AgFe0_(2)phase.The morphology and microstructure of the prepared AgFeO_(2)samples were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),N_(2) adsorption/desorption,X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS),and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)techniques.A three-electrode system was employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles in a 3 M KOH electrolyte.The delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles calcined at 100℃(AFO100)exhibited the highest surface area of 28.02 m^(2)·g^(-1)and outstanding electrochemical performance with specific capacitances of 229.71 F·g^(-1)at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1)and 358.32 F·g^(-1)at a scan rate of 2 mV·s^(-1).This sample also demonstrated the capacitance retention of 82.99% after 1000 charge/discharge cycles,along with superior specific power and specific energy values of 797.46 W·kg^(-1)and 72.74Wh·kg^(-1),respectively.These findings indicate that delafossite AgFeO_(2)has great potential as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52375443)the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51921003).
文摘Improvements in aero-engine performance have made the structures of the aero-engine components increasingly complex.To better adapt to the processing requirements of narrow twisted channels such as an integral shrouded blisk,this study proposes an innovative method of electrochemical cutting in which a flexible tube electrode is controlled by online deformation during processing.In this study,the processing principle of electrochemical cutting with a flexible electrode for controlled online deformation(FECC)was revealed for the first time.The online deformation process of flexible electrodes and the machining process of profiles were analysed in depth,and the corresponding theoretical models were established.Conventional electrochemical machining(ECM)is a multi-physical field-coupled process involving electric and flow fields.In FECC,classical mechanics are introduced into the tool cathode,which must be loaded at all times during the machining process.Therefore,in this study,before and after the deformation of the flexible electrode,a corresponding simulation study was conducted to understand the influence of the online deformation of the flexible electrode on the flow and electric fields.The feasibility of flexible electrodes for online deformation and the validity of the theoretical model were verified by deformation measurements and in situ observation experiments.Finally,the method was successfully applied to the machining of nickel-based high-temperature alloys,and different specifications of flexible electrodes were used to complete the machining of the corresponding complex profiles,thereby verifying the feasibility and versatility of the method.The method proposed in this study breaks the tradition of using a non-deformable cathode for ECM and adopts a flexible electrode that can be deformed during the machining process as the tool cathode,which improves machining flexibility and provides a valuable reference to promote the ECM of complex profiles.
基金financially supported by National Key R&D Program International Cooperation Project(2023YFE0108100)Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52170085)+2 种基金Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.21JCZDJC00320)Tianjin Post-graduate Students Research and Innovation Project(2021YJSB013)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University.
文摘Biomass-derived heteroatom self-doped cathode catalysts has attracted considerable interest for electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs)due to its high performance and sustainable synthesis.Herein,we illustrated the morphological fates of waste leaf-derived graphitic carbon(WLGC)produced from waste ginkgo leaves via pyrolysis temperature regulation and used as bifunctional cathode catalyst for simultaneous H_(2)O_(2) electrochemical generation and organic pollutant degradation,discovering S/N-self-doping shown to facilitate a synergistic effect on reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation.Under the optimum temperature of 800℃,the WLGC exhibited a H_(2)O_(2) selectivity of 94.2%and tetracycline removal of 99.3%within 60 min.Density functional theory calculations and in-situ Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy verified that graphitic N was the critical site for H_(2)O_(2) generation.While pyridinic N and thiophene S were the main active sites responsible for OH generation,N vacancies were the active sites to produce ^(1)O_(2) from O_(2).The performance of the novel cathode for tetracycline degradation remains well under a wide pH range(3–11),maintaining excellent stability in 10 cycles.It is also industrially applicable,achieving satisfactory performance treating in real water matrices.This system facilitates both radical and non-radical degradation,offering valuable advances in the preparation of cost-effective and sustainable electrocatalysts and hold strong potentials in metal-free EAOPs for organic pollutant degradation.
文摘In fulfillment of the national science-and-technology development agenda, the Department of Chemical Sciences of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) convened the Strategic Symposium on the Fifteenth FiveYear (20262030) Development Plan for Electrochemistry held in Xiamen on 29 August, 2025-the culminating year of the Fourteenth Five-Year (2021-2025) Development Plan. More than forty leading experts in the field of electrochemistry participated with spanning nine thematic fronts: Interfacial Electrocatalysis, Interfacial Electrochemistry for Energy Storage, Bioelectrochemistry, Electrochemistry of Hydrogen Energy, Electrochemical Micro-/Nano-Manufacturing, Operando Electrochemical Characterization, Electro-Thermal Coupling Catalysis, Theoretical and Computational Electrochemistry,and Electrochemical Synthesis. The forum assembled China's foremost electrochemical expertise to blueprint high-quality disciplinary growth for the coming five-year period, thereby serving overarching national strategic needs and sharpening the international competitiveness of Chinese electrochemistry.This paper is presented to highlight the strategic needs and priority areas for the next five years (2026-2030) based on this symposium. The development status of basic research and applied basic research in China's electrochemistry field is systematically reviewed. The in-depth analyses of the existing problems and key challenges in the research and development of electrochemistry related fields are outlined, and the frontier research areas and development trends in the next 5-10 years by integrating national major strategic needs are discussed, which will further promote the academic community to reach a clearer consensus. The proposed strategic roadmap is intended to accelerate a sharpened community consensus, propel the discipline toward high-quality advancement, and furnish a critical reference for building China into a world-leading science and technology power.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279097)the Key R&D Program of Hubei Province(2023BAB103)the PhD Scientific Research and Innovation Foundation of The Education Department of Hainan Province Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(HSPHDSRF-2024-03-022)。
文摘Because of their low electrical conductivity,sluggish ion diffusion,and poor stability,conventional electrode materials are not able to meet the growing demands of energy storage and portable devices.Graphene assembled films(GAFs)formed from graphene nanosheets have an ultrahigh conductivity,a unique 2D network structure,and exceptional mechanical strength,which give them the potential to solve these problems.However,a systematic understanding of GAFs as an advanced electrode material is lacking.This review focuses on the use of GAFs in electrochemistry,providing a comprehensive analysis of their synthesis methods,surface/structural characteristics,and physical properties,and thus understand their structure-property relationships.Their advantages in batteries,supercapacitors,and electrochemical sensors are systematically evaluated,with an emphasis on their excellent electrical conductivity,ion transport kinetics,and interfacial stability.The existing problems in these devices,such as chemical inertness and mechanical brittleness,are discussed and potential solutions are proposed,including defect engineering and hybrid structures.This review should deepen our mechanistic understanding of the use of GAFs in electrochemical systems and provide actionable strategies for developing stable,high-performance electrode materials.
