摘要
The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable products is pivotal for maintaining the global carbon cycle and mitigating global warming.This review explores the advancements in electrochemical CO_(2) conversion,particularly focusing on producing methanol,ethanol,and n-propanol using various catalysts such as metals,metal oxides,metal alloys,and metal organic frameworks.Additionally,it covers the photoelectrochemical(PEC)conversion of CO_(2) into alcohols.The primary objective is to identify efficient electrocatalysts for ethanol,methanol,and n-propanol production,prioritizing selectivity,stability,Faradaic efficiency(FE),and current density.Notable catalysts include PtxZn nanoalloys,which exhibit an FE of~81.4% for methanol production,and trimetallic Pt/Pb/Zn nanoalloys,aimed at reducing Pt costs while enhancing catalyst stability and durability.Metal oxide catalysts like thin film Cu_(2)O/CuO on nickel foam and Cu_(2)O/ZnO achieve FE values of~38% and~16.6% for methanol production,respectively.Copper-based metal-organic frameworks,such as Cu@Cu_(2)O,demonstrate an FE of~45% for methanol production.Similarly,Ag_(0.14)/Cu_(0.86) and Cu-Zn alloys exhibit FEs of~63% and~46.6%,respectively,for ethanol production.Notably,n-propanol production via Pd–Cu alloy and graphene/ZnO/Cu_(2)O yields FEs of~13.7% and~23%,respectively.Furthermore,the review discusses recent advancements in PEC reactor design,photoelectrodes,reaction mechanisms,and catalyst durability.By evaluating the efficiency of these devices in liquid fuel production,the review addresses challenges and prospects in CO_(2) conversion for obtaining various valuable products.
基金
the financial support from National Science Centre Poland(NCN)based on the decision number UMO-2021/43/D/ST5/00824
financial support of research project supported by the program“Excellence Initiative-Research University”for the AGH University of Krakow.
