The dominant property of building envelope fabric which contributes significantly to minimize electricity utilization in building is the thermo-physical properties. There is inadequate literature on representative pra...The dominant property of building envelope fabric which contributes significantly to minimize electricity utilization in building is the thermo-physical properties. There is inadequate literature on representative practical data of thermo-physical properties of the dominant building envelope components in Ghana. This study aims to use cost-effective approach to characterize the thermo-physical properties of only cement-based mortar and concrete blocks used in Ghana for building components specifically wall design. Mixed methods research design was employed to achieving the aim. A questionnaire survey was used among sampled building fabric components manufacturers to pick representative data on thermos-physical properties of their mortar and concrete blocks. Also, an experimental procedure employing a transient technique with a TCi Thermal Analyser was used to determine the thermo-physical properties of selected mortar and concrete blocks from Ghana in addition to designed parametric mortar and concrete blocks with varied ratios obtained from the survey were undertaken at University of Nottingham. From the study, a trend of decreasing thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity with corresponding decreasing sand content was observed with all the different sand types. The thermal conductivities of both mortar and concrete parametric blocks meet the range of expected standard values outlined in Chattered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) Guide A. The major limitation of the work is the dimension of the sample size;which is not inconsistent with standard block size due to the experimental setup used. It is expected that, the characterization of the predominant cement-based building fabrics components will contribute to improved building performance analysis with significant savings in electricity utilization for space cooling.展开更多
We report here a method for the use of poly-L-lysine （PLL） to markedly improve the adenoviral transduction efficiency of primary murine osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） in culture and in situ, whi...We report here a method for the use of poly-L-lysine （PLL） to markedly improve the adenoviral transduction efficiency of primary murine osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） in culture and in situ, which are typically difficult to transduce. We show by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry that the addition of PLL to the viral-containing medium significantly increases the number of green fluorescence protein （GFP）-positive osteoblasts and BMSCs transduced with an enhanced GFP-expressing adenovirus. We also demonstrate that PLL can greatly enhance the adenoviral transduction of osteoblasts and osteocytes in situ in ex vivo tibia and calvaria, as well as in long bone fragments. In addition, we validate that PLL can improve routine adenoviral transduction studies by permitting the use of low multiplicities of infection to obtain the desired biologic effect. Ultimately, the use of PLL to facilitate adenoviral gene transfer in osteogenic cells can provide a cost-effective means of performing efficient gene transfer studies in the context of bone research.展开更多
Accurate and real-time detection of hydrogen(H_(2))is essential for ensuring energy security.Fiber-optic H_(2) sensors are gaining attention for their integration and remote sensing capabilities.However,they face chal...Accurate and real-time detection of hydrogen(H_(2))is essential for ensuring energy security.Fiber-optic H_(2) sensors are gaining attention for their integration and remote sensing capabilities.However,they face challenges,including complex fabrication processes and limited response times.Here,we propose a fiber-optic H_(2) sensing tip based on Tamm plasmon polariton(TPP)resonance,consisting of a multilayer metal/dielectric Bragg reflector deposited directly on the fiber end facet,simplifying the fabrication process.The fiber-optic TPP(FOTPP)tip exhibits both TPP and multiple Fabry-Perot(FP)resonances simultaneously,with the TPP employed for highly sensitive H_(2) detection.Compared to FP resonance,TPP exhibits more than twice the sensitivity under the same structural dimension without cavity geometry deformation.The excellent performance is attributed to alterations in phase-matching conditions,driven by changes in penetration depth of TPP.Furthermore,the FP mode is utilized to achieve an efficient photothermal effect to catalyze the reaction between H_(2) and the FOTPP structure.Consequently,the response and recovery speeds of the FOTPP tip under resonance-enhanced photothermal assistance are improved by 6.5 and 2.1 times,respectively.Our work offers a novel strategy for developing TPP-integrated fiber-optic tips,refines the theoretical framework of photothermal-assisted detection systems,and provides clear experimental evidence.展开更多
1.The development history of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)is a multimodal perioperative care approach that has evolved over the past 2 decades since its inception.In 1997,P...1.The development history of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)is a multimodal perioperative care approach that has evolved over the past 2 decades since its inception.In 1997,Professor Henrik Kehlet,also known as the“father of ERAS”,from the University of Copenhagen in Denmark first proposed the ERAS concept and discovered its clinical feasibility and superiority,achieving remarkable results.ERAS was initially applied in colorectal surgery;subsequently,the concept gradually gained popularity and application worldwide.展开更多
In this study,precise control over the thickness and termination of Ti3C2TX MXene flakes is achieved to enhance their electrical properties,environmental stability,and gas-sensing performance.Utilizing a hybrid method...In this study,precise control over the thickness and termination of Ti3C2TX MXene flakes is achieved to enhance their electrical properties,environmental stability,and gas-sensing performance.Utilizing a hybrid method involving high-pressure processing,stirring,and immiscible solutions,sub-100 nm MXene flake thickness is achieved within the MXene film on the Si-wafer.Functionalization control is achieved by defunctionalizing MXene at 650℃ under vacuum and H2 gas in a CVD furnace,followed by refunctionalization with iodine and bromine vaporization from a bubbler attached to the CVD.Notably,the introduction of iodine,which has a larger atomic size,lower electronegativity,reduce shielding effect,and lower hydrophilicity(contact angle:99°),profoundly affecting MXene.It improves the surface area(36.2 cm^(2) g^(-1)),oxidation stability in aqueous/ambient environments(21 days/80 days),and film conductivity(749 S m^(-1)).Additionally,it significantly enhances the gas-sensing performance,including the sensitivity(0.1119Ωppm^(-1)),response(0.2% and 23%to 50 ppb and 200 ppm NO_(2)),and response/recovery times(90/100 s).The reduced shielding effect of the–I-terminals and the metallic characteristics of MXene enhance the selectivity of I-MXene toward NO2.This approach paves the way for the development of stable and high-performance gas-sensing two-dimensional materials with promising prospects for future studies.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of the non-placement of a drainage tube in transvestibular endoscopic thyroid papillary carcinoma surgery by applying the concept of rapid rehabilitation surgery. Meth...Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of the non-placement of a drainage tube in transvestibular endoscopic thyroid papillary carcinoma surgery by applying the concept of rapid rehabilitation surgery. Methods: 106 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma in the Department of Head and Neck of Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively analyzed, and the observation group (n = 43) 1 who underwent endoscopic surgery without negative pressure drainage tube in the hospital from January 2019 to March 2023 were selected. The control group (n = 63) underwent the same operation at the same time and placed the negative pressure drainage tube. Postoperative hematoma, incision infection, subcutaneous effusion, and use of painkillers were compared between the two groups. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, and number of lymph node dissection between the two groups (P > 0.05). No postoperative hematoma or incision infection occurred between the two groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of subcutaneous effusion and the use rate of painkillers between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: No drainage tube in patients undergoing endoscopic thyroid surgery through oral vestibular approach will not increase the probability of complications such as postoperative hematoma, incision infection, subcutaneous effusion, and the use of painkillers, but can improve the comfort of patients in the concept of rapid rehabilitation.展开更多
The advancement of society and continuous improvements in the healthcare system have heightened the demands on professional nursing training,necessitating that nursing education better meet practical needs in an incre...The advancement of society and continuous improvements in the healthcare system have heightened the demands on professional nursing training,necessitating that nursing education better meet practical needs in an increasingly diversified medical environment.To address these requirements,the teaching approaches and assessment methods in nursing education should be reformed and updated.This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the current state of nursing education and proposed potential pathways to enhance nursing education in medical schools.These pathways include implementing a student-centered teaching approach,incorporating various teaching activities,emphasizing the development of students’practical skills,and reforming assessment methods to cultivate well-rounded professionals.The application of these strategies will help improve the effectiveness of classroom teaching,deepen students’understanding of theoretical knowledge and practical skills,and thereby contribute to the improvement of nursing education quality.展开更多
In this paper,a fusion model based on a long short-term memory(LSTM)neural network and enhanced search ant colony optimization(ENSACO)is proposed to predict the power degradation trend of proton exchange membrane fuel...In this paper,a fusion model based on a long short-term memory(LSTM)neural network and enhanced search ant colony optimization(ENSACO)is proposed to predict the power degradation trend of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC).Firstly,the Shapley additive explanations(SHAP)value method is used to select external characteristic parameters with high contributions as inputs for the data-driven approach.Next,a novel swarm optimization algorithm,the enhanced search ant colony optimization,is proposed.This algorithm improves the ant colony optimization(ACO)algorithm based on a reinforcement factor to avoid premature convergence and accelerate the convergence speed.Comparative experiments are set up to compare the performance differences between particle swarm optimization(PSO),ACO,and ENSACO.Finally,a data-driven method based on ENSACO-LSTM is proposed to predict the power degradation trend of PEMFCs.And actual aging data is used to validate the method.The results show that,within a limited number of iterations,the optimization capability of ENSACO is significantly stronger than that of PSO and ACO.Additionally,the prediction accuracy of the ENSACO-LSTM method is greatly improved,with an average increase of approximately 50.58%compared to LSTM,PSO-LSTM,and ACO-LSTM.展开更多
Manufacturers are striving to achieve higher energy efficiency without compromising production performance and quality standards.Parallel-serial structures,commonly found in modern production systems,offer a unique ba...Manufacturers are striving to achieve higher energy efficiency without compromising production performance and quality standards.Parallel-serial structures,commonly found in modern production systems,offer a unique balance of flexibility and efficiency by combining parallel processes with sequential workflows.However,their inherent complexity poses significant challenges,particularly in optimizing energy efficiency and ensuring consistent product quality.In data-driven manufacturing environments,it is not clear how to leverage production data to enhance the energy efficiency of production systems.Therefore,this paper studied a data-driven approach to improving energy efficiency in parallel-serial production lines with product quality issues.Firstly,the authors developed a data-driven performance analysis method to evaluate the effects of disruption events,such as energy-saving control actions,machine breakdowns,and product quality failures,on system throughput and energy consumption.Secondly,a periodic energy-saving control method was developed to enhance system energy efficiency using a non-linear programming model.To reduce complexity and improve computational efficiency,the model was simplified by leveraging the intrinsic properties of parallel-serial production lines and solved using an adaptive genetic algorithm.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed data-driven approach was validated through case studies,providing actionable insights into achieving data-driven energy efficiency optimization in complex production systems.展开更多
Computer-based conceptual design for routine design has made great strides, yet non-routine design has not been given due attention, and it is still poorly automated. Considering that the function-behavior-structure（...Computer-based conceptual design for routine design has made great strides, yet non-routine design has not been given due attention, and it is still poorly automated. Considering that the function-behavior-structure（FBS） model is widely used for modeling the conceptual design process, a computer-based creativity enhanced conceptual design model（CECD） for non-routine design of mechanical systems is presented. In the model, the leaf functions in the FBS model are decomposed into and represented with fine-grain basic operation actions（BOA）, and the corresponding BOA set in the function domain is then constructed. Choosing building blocks from the database, and expressing their multiple functions with BOAs, the BOA set in the structure domain is formed. Through rule-based dynamic partition of the BOA set in the function domain, many variants of regenerated functional schemes are generated. For enhancing the capability to introduce new design variables into the conceptual design process, and dig out more innovative physical structure schemes, the indirect function-structure matching strategy based on reconstructing the combined structure schemes is adopted. By adjusting the tightness of the partition rules and the granularity of the divided BOA subsets, and making full use of the main function and secondary functions of each basic structure in the process of reconstructing of the physical structures, new design variables and variants are introduced into the physical structure scheme reconstructing process, and a great number of simpler physical structure schemes to accomplish the overall function organically are figured out. The creativity enhanced conceptual design model presented has a dominant capability in introducing new deign variables in function domain and digging out simpler physical structures to accomplish the overall function, therefore it can be utilized to solve non-routine conceptual design problem.展开更多
文摘The dominant property of building envelope fabric which contributes significantly to minimize electricity utilization in building is the thermo-physical properties. There is inadequate literature on representative practical data of thermo-physical properties of the dominant building envelope components in Ghana. This study aims to use cost-effective approach to characterize the thermo-physical properties of only cement-based mortar and concrete blocks used in Ghana for building components specifically wall design. Mixed methods research design was employed to achieving the aim. A questionnaire survey was used among sampled building fabric components manufacturers to pick representative data on thermos-physical properties of their mortar and concrete blocks. Also, an experimental procedure employing a transient technique with a TCi Thermal Analyser was used to determine the thermo-physical properties of selected mortar and concrete blocks from Ghana in addition to designed parametric mortar and concrete blocks with varied ratios obtained from the survey were undertaken at University of Nottingham. From the study, a trend of decreasing thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity with corresponding decreasing sand content was observed with all the different sand types. The thermal conductivities of both mortar and concrete parametric blocks meet the range of expected standard values outlined in Chattered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) Guide A. The major limitation of the work is the dimension of the sample size;which is not inconsistent with standard block size due to the experimental setup used. It is expected that, the characterization of the predominant cement-based building fabrics components will contribute to improved building performance analysis with significant savings in electricity utilization for space cooling.
基金supported by grants, R01-AR063631 (JPS) and F31-AR064673 (AMB), from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute for Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
文摘We report here a method for the use of poly-L-lysine （PLL） to markedly improve the adenoviral transduction efficiency of primary murine osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） in culture and in situ, which are typically difficult to transduce. We show by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry that the addition of PLL to the viral-containing medium significantly increases the number of green fluorescence protein （GFP）-positive osteoblasts and BMSCs transduced with an enhanced GFP-expressing adenovirus. We also demonstrate that PLL can greatly enhance the adenoviral transduction of osteoblasts and osteocytes in situ in ex vivo tibia and calvaria, as well as in long bone fragments. In addition, we validate that PLL can improve routine adenoviral transduction studies by permitting the use of low multiplicities of infection to obtain the desired biologic effect. Ultimately, the use of PLL to facilitate adenoviral gene transfer in osteogenic cells can provide a cost-effective means of performing efficient gene transfer studies in the context of bone research.
基金financial supports from National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3209500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12274052 and 62171076)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT24ZD203)Bolian Research Funds of Dalian Maritime University and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3132024605).
文摘Accurate and real-time detection of hydrogen(H_(2))is essential for ensuring energy security.Fiber-optic H_(2) sensors are gaining attention for their integration and remote sensing capabilities.However,they face challenges,including complex fabrication processes and limited response times.Here,we propose a fiber-optic H_(2) sensing tip based on Tamm plasmon polariton(TPP)resonance,consisting of a multilayer metal/dielectric Bragg reflector deposited directly on the fiber end facet,simplifying the fabrication process.The fiber-optic TPP(FOTPP)tip exhibits both TPP and multiple Fabry-Perot(FP)resonances simultaneously,with the TPP employed for highly sensitive H_(2) detection.Compared to FP resonance,TPP exhibits more than twice the sensitivity under the same structural dimension without cavity geometry deformation.The excellent performance is attributed to alterations in phase-matching conditions,driven by changes in penetration depth of TPP.Furthermore,the FP mode is utilized to achieve an efficient photothermal effect to catalyze the reaction between H_(2) and the FOTPP structure.Consequently,the response and recovery speeds of the FOTPP tip under resonance-enhanced photothermal assistance are improved by 6.5 and 2.1 times,respectively.Our work offers a novel strategy for developing TPP-integrated fiber-optic tips,refines the theoretical framework of photothermal-assisted detection systems,and provides clear experimental evidence.
文摘1.The development history of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)is a multimodal perioperative care approach that has evolved over the past 2 decades since its inception.In 1997,Professor Henrik Kehlet,also known as the“father of ERAS”,from the University of Copenhagen in Denmark first proposed the ERAS concept and discovered its clinical feasibility and superiority,achieving remarkable results.ERAS was initially applied in colorectal surgery;subsequently,the concept gradually gained popularity and application worldwide.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT)(No. 2021R1I1A1A0105621313, No. 2022R1F1A1074441, No. 2022K1A3A1A20014496, and No. 2022R1F1A1074083)supported by the Ministry of Education Funding (No. RIS 2021-004)supported by the Brain Pool program funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2023-00284318).
文摘In this study,precise control over the thickness and termination of Ti3C2TX MXene flakes is achieved to enhance their electrical properties,environmental stability,and gas-sensing performance.Utilizing a hybrid method involving high-pressure processing,stirring,and immiscible solutions,sub-100 nm MXene flake thickness is achieved within the MXene film on the Si-wafer.Functionalization control is achieved by defunctionalizing MXene at 650℃ under vacuum and H2 gas in a CVD furnace,followed by refunctionalization with iodine and bromine vaporization from a bubbler attached to the CVD.Notably,the introduction of iodine,which has a larger atomic size,lower electronegativity,reduce shielding effect,and lower hydrophilicity(contact angle:99°),profoundly affecting MXene.It improves the surface area(36.2 cm^(2) g^(-1)),oxidation stability in aqueous/ambient environments(21 days/80 days),and film conductivity(749 S m^(-1)).Additionally,it significantly enhances the gas-sensing performance,including the sensitivity(0.1119Ωppm^(-1)),response(0.2% and 23%to 50 ppb and 200 ppm NO_(2)),and response/recovery times(90/100 s).The reduced shielding effect of the–I-terminals and the metallic characteristics of MXene enhance the selectivity of I-MXene toward NO2.This approach paves the way for the development of stable and high-performance gas-sensing two-dimensional materials with promising prospects for future studies.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of the non-placement of a drainage tube in transvestibular endoscopic thyroid papillary carcinoma surgery by applying the concept of rapid rehabilitation surgery. Methods: 106 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma in the Department of Head and Neck of Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively analyzed, and the observation group (n = 43) 1 who underwent endoscopic surgery without negative pressure drainage tube in the hospital from January 2019 to March 2023 were selected. The control group (n = 63) underwent the same operation at the same time and placed the negative pressure drainage tube. Postoperative hematoma, incision infection, subcutaneous effusion, and use of painkillers were compared between the two groups. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, and number of lymph node dissection between the two groups (P > 0.05). No postoperative hematoma or incision infection occurred between the two groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of subcutaneous effusion and the use rate of painkillers between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: No drainage tube in patients undergoing endoscopic thyroid surgery through oral vestibular approach will not increase the probability of complications such as postoperative hematoma, incision infection, subcutaneous effusion, and the use of painkillers, but can improve the comfort of patients in the concept of rapid rehabilitation.
基金Open Research Project of Henan Provincial Key Medicine Laboratory of Nursing(HNSYHLKT202303 and HNSYXZKT202441)Henan Provincial Key Scientific Programs for Universities(25A330004)Henan Provincial Innovative Training Program for Undergraduates(S202410472013)。
文摘The advancement of society and continuous improvements in the healthcare system have heightened the demands on professional nursing training,necessitating that nursing education better meet practical needs in an increasingly diversified medical environment.To address these requirements,the teaching approaches and assessment methods in nursing education should be reformed and updated.This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the current state of nursing education and proposed potential pathways to enhance nursing education in medical schools.These pathways include implementing a student-centered teaching approach,incorporating various teaching activities,emphasizing the development of students’practical skills,and reforming assessment methods to cultivate well-rounded professionals.The application of these strategies will help improve the effectiveness of classroom teaching,deepen students’understanding of theoretical knowledge and practical skills,and thereby contribute to the improvement of nursing education quality.
基金Supported by the Major Science and Technology Project of Jilin Province(20220301010GX)the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation(20240402071GH).
文摘In this paper,a fusion model based on a long short-term memory(LSTM)neural network and enhanced search ant colony optimization(ENSACO)is proposed to predict the power degradation trend of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC).Firstly,the Shapley additive explanations(SHAP)value method is used to select external characteristic parameters with high contributions as inputs for the data-driven approach.Next,a novel swarm optimization algorithm,the enhanced search ant colony optimization,is proposed.This algorithm improves the ant colony optimization(ACO)algorithm based on a reinforcement factor to avoid premature convergence and accelerate the convergence speed.Comparative experiments are set up to compare the performance differences between particle swarm optimization(PSO),ACO,and ENSACO.Finally,a data-driven method based on ENSACO-LSTM is proposed to predict the power degradation trend of PEMFCs.And actual aging data is used to validate the method.The results show that,within a limited number of iterations,the optimization capability of ENSACO is significantly stronger than that of PSO and ACO.Additionally,the prediction accuracy of the ENSACO-LSTM method is greatly improved,with an average increase of approximately 50.58%compared to LSTM,PSO-LSTM,and ACO-LSTM.
基金supported in part by Major Project of the National Social Science Fund of China,under Grant No.23&ZD050in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),under Grant Nos.72402031 and 71971052+2 种基金in part by Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Massive Personalized Customization System and Technology,under Grant No.H&C-MPC-2023-04-03in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,under Grant No.N25ZJL015the Joint Funds of the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning,under Grant No.2023-BSBA-139.
文摘Manufacturers are striving to achieve higher energy efficiency without compromising production performance and quality standards.Parallel-serial structures,commonly found in modern production systems,offer a unique balance of flexibility and efficiency by combining parallel processes with sequential workflows.However,their inherent complexity poses significant challenges,particularly in optimizing energy efficiency and ensuring consistent product quality.In data-driven manufacturing environments,it is not clear how to leverage production data to enhance the energy efficiency of production systems.Therefore,this paper studied a data-driven approach to improving energy efficiency in parallel-serial production lines with product quality issues.Firstly,the authors developed a data-driven performance analysis method to evaluate the effects of disruption events,such as energy-saving control actions,machine breakdowns,and product quality failures,on system throughput and energy consumption.Secondly,a periodic energy-saving control method was developed to enhance system energy efficiency using a non-linear programming model.To reduce complexity and improve computational efficiency,the model was simplified by leveraging the intrinsic properties of parallel-serial production lines and solved using an adaptive genetic algorithm.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed data-driven approach was validated through case studies,providing actionable insights into achieving data-driven energy efficiency optimization in complex production systems.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.51375496,51205409)
文摘Computer-based conceptual design for routine design has made great strides, yet non-routine design has not been given due attention, and it is still poorly automated. Considering that the function-behavior-structure（FBS） model is widely used for modeling the conceptual design process, a computer-based creativity enhanced conceptual design model（CECD） for non-routine design of mechanical systems is presented. In the model, the leaf functions in the FBS model are decomposed into and represented with fine-grain basic operation actions（BOA）, and the corresponding BOA set in the function domain is then constructed. Choosing building blocks from the database, and expressing their multiple functions with BOAs, the BOA set in the structure domain is formed. Through rule-based dynamic partition of the BOA set in the function domain, many variants of regenerated functional schemes are generated. For enhancing the capability to introduce new design variables into the conceptual design process, and dig out more innovative physical structure schemes, the indirect function-structure matching strategy based on reconstructing the combined structure schemes is adopted. By adjusting the tightness of the partition rules and the granularity of the divided BOA subsets, and making full use of the main function and secondary functions of each basic structure in the process of reconstructing of the physical structures, new design variables and variants are introduced into the physical structure scheme reconstructing process, and a great number of simpler physical structure schemes to accomplish the overall function organically are figured out. The creativity enhanced conceptual design model presented has a dominant capability in introducing new deign variables in function domain and digging out simpler physical structures to accomplish the overall function, therefore it can be utilized to solve non-routine conceptual design problem.
