A fully integrated class-E power amplifier（PA） at 2.4 GHz implemented in a 0. 18 μm 6-metal-layer mixed/RF CMOS （ complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor ） technology is presented. A two-stage amplific...A fully integrated class-E power amplifier（PA） at 2.4 GHz implemented in a 0. 18 μm 6-metal-layer mixed/RF CMOS （ complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor ） technology is presented. A two-stage amplification structure is chosen for this PA. The driving stage produces a high swing switch signal by using resonation technology. The output stage is designed as a class-E topology to realize the power amplification. Under a 1.2 V power supply, the PA delivers a maximum output power of 8. 8 dBm with a power-added efficiency （PAE） of 44%. A new power control method for the class-E power amplifier is described. By changing the amplitude and duty cycle of the signal which enters the class-E switch transistor, the output power can be covered from - 3 to 8. 8 dBm through a three-bit control word. The proposed PA can be used in low power applications, such as wireless sensor networks and biotelemetry systems.展开更多
Objective:To compare the genotype frequencies of HLA class-ⅡDRB1 alleles in Giardia(G.)lamblia-infected children.Methods:A total of 490 Egyptian children aged 2-16 years were subjected to microscopic stool examinatio...Objective:To compare the genotype frequencies of HLA class-ⅡDRB1 alleles in Giardia(G.)lamblia-infected children.Methods:A total of 490 Egyptian children aged 2-16 years were subjected to microscopic stool examination to detect G.lamblia infection,and to exclude other intestinal pathogens.On the basis of their microscopic findings,a group of 80 children were chosen as giardiasis cases,another 80 children were confirmed as Giardia free control group by immunochromatographic test,and the remaining children were excluded.Both giardiasis and control groups were then subjected to blood examination to identify their genetic type of HLA-DRB1 alleles.Results:HLA class-ⅡDRB1*03:01 and DRB1*13:01 alleles were significantly associated with G.lamblia infection(P<0.001 for each variable).On the other hand,HLA class-ⅡDRB1*04:02,DRB1*10:01,DRB1*14:01 and DRB1*15:01 alleles were significantly demonstrated in Giardia free children.However,other HLA-DRB1 alleles did not show any significant association with giardiasis.Conclusions:HLA class-ⅡDRB1*03,DRB1*13,DRB1*04,DRB1*10,DRB1*14 and DRB1*15 alleles may be involved in the establishment of host immune response to G.lamblia infection.展开更多
AIM: To elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to development of functionally impaired dendritic cells(DCs) in chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients infected with genotype 3 virus.METHODS: This prospective study was c...AIM: To elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to development of functionally impaired dendritic cells(DCs) in chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients infected with genotype 3 virus.METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on the cohorts of CHC individuals identified as responders or non-responders to antiviral therapy. Myeloid DCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of each subject using CD1c(BDCA1)+ DC isolation Kit. Monocytes from healthy donor were cultured with DC growth factors such as IL-4 and GM-CSF either in the presence or absence of hepatitis C virus(HCV) viral proteins followed by LPS stimulation. Phenotyping was done by flowcytometry and gene expression profiling was evaluated by real-time PCR.RESULTS: Non-responders [sustained virological response(SVR)-ve] to conventional antiviral therapy had significantly higher expression of genes associated with interferon responsive element such as IDO1 and PD-L1(6-fold) and negative regulators of JAK-STAT pathway such as SOCS(6-fold) as compared to responders(SVR+ve) to antiviral therapy. The downregulated genes in non-responders included factors involved in antigen processing and presentation mainly belonging to major histocompatibility complex(MHC) Class-Ⅱ family as HLA-DP, HLA-DQ(2-fold) and superoxide dismutase(2-fold). Cells grown in the presence of HCV viral proteins had genes downregulated for factors involved in innate response, interferon signaling, DC maturation and co-stimulatory signaling to T-cells, while the genes for cytokine signaling and Toll-like receptors(4-fold) were upregulated as compared to cells grown in absence of viral proteins.CONCLUSION: Underexpressed MHC class-Ⅱ genes and upregulated negative regulators in non-responders indicate diminished capacity to present antigen and may constitute mechanism of functionally defective state of DCs.展开更多
The profile method is the principal method first to be chosen to measure the apparent optical parameters of waters. This paper first introduces the profile method briefly, then modifies Ⅱthe applied algorithm in the ...The profile method is the principal method first to be chosen to measure the apparent optical parameters of waters. This paper first introduces the profile method briefly, then modifies Ⅱthe applied algorithm in the light of the properties of the class- waters and lastly, analyses the effect of application.展开更多
Many studies have been conducted by analyzing crash data that included road profile, site conditions, vehicle configurations and weights, driver behavior, etc.. However, limited studies have been conducted evaluating ...Many studies have been conducted by analyzing crash data that included road profile, site conditions, vehicle configurations and weights, driver behavior, etc.. However, limited studies have been conducted evaluating the impact of these factors on crashes and/or rollover through simulations. This is mainly due to lack of availability of verified full vehicle flexible-body models. The verification process is costly as it requires instrumentation of a heavy vehicle, scanning of road surfaces, and collection of data by running the vehicle over different road conditions, performing various maneuvering, etc. This paper presents the reverse engineering process of a class-8 truck and validation of a full flexible-body simulation model of a Wabash 53-foot trailer against the strain data recoded from proving ground testing of an instrumented truck. Simulation results show that, with the exception of the noise from the strain gage data from instrumented test run at 30 mph, there is a good agreement in periodicity and relative amplitude with the ADAMS model. A comparison of strain data from the flex-body model and the instrumented truck shows that the modeling and verification approach presented in this paper can be confidently used to validate the full flexible-body models developed for specific analyses.展开更多
This paper presents a 1.8 GHz class-E controlled power amplifier (PA). The proposed power amplifier is designed with two-stage architecture. The main advantage of the proposed technique for output control power is a h...This paper presents a 1.8 GHz class-E controlled power amplifier (PA). The proposed power amplifier is designed with two-stage architecture. The main advantage of the proposed technique for output control power is a high 37 dB output power dynamic range with good average power adding efficiency. The measurement results show that the PA achieves a high power gain of 23 dBm and power added efficiency (PAE) by 38%. The circuit was post layout simulated in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology.展开更多
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2007AA01Z2A7)
文摘A fully integrated class-E power amplifier（PA） at 2.4 GHz implemented in a 0. 18 μm 6-metal-layer mixed/RF CMOS （ complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor ） technology is presented. A two-stage amplification structure is chosen for this PA. The driving stage produces a high swing switch signal by using resonation technology. The output stage is designed as a class-E topology to realize the power amplification. Under a 1.2 V power supply, the PA delivers a maximum output power of 8. 8 dBm with a power-added efficiency （PAE） of 44%. A new power control method for the class-E power amplifier is described. By changing the amplitude and duty cycle of the signal which enters the class-E switch transistor, the output power can be covered from - 3 to 8. 8 dBm through a three-bit control word. The proposed PA can be used in low power applications, such as wireless sensor networks and biotelemetry systems.
文摘Objective:To compare the genotype frequencies of HLA class-ⅡDRB1 alleles in Giardia(G.)lamblia-infected children.Methods:A total of 490 Egyptian children aged 2-16 years were subjected to microscopic stool examination to detect G.lamblia infection,and to exclude other intestinal pathogens.On the basis of their microscopic findings,a group of 80 children were chosen as giardiasis cases,another 80 children were confirmed as Giardia free control group by immunochromatographic test,and the remaining children were excluded.Both giardiasis and control groups were then subjected to blood examination to identify their genetic type of HLA-DRB1 alleles.Results:HLA class-ⅡDRB1*03:01 and DRB1*13:01 alleles were significantly associated with G.lamblia infection(P<0.001 for each variable).On the other hand,HLA class-ⅡDRB1*04:02,DRB1*10:01,DRB1*14:01 and DRB1*15:01 alleles were significantly demonstrated in Giardia free children.However,other HLA-DRB1 alleles did not show any significant association with giardiasis.Conclusions:HLA class-ⅡDRB1*03,DRB1*13,DRB1*04,DRB1*10,DRB1*14 and DRB1*15 alleles may be involved in the establishment of host immune response to G.lamblia infection.
基金Supported by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,No.27(0262)12/EMR-II
文摘AIM: To elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to development of functionally impaired dendritic cells(DCs) in chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients infected with genotype 3 virus.METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on the cohorts of CHC individuals identified as responders or non-responders to antiviral therapy. Myeloid DCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of each subject using CD1c(BDCA1)+ DC isolation Kit. Monocytes from healthy donor were cultured with DC growth factors such as IL-4 and GM-CSF either in the presence or absence of hepatitis C virus(HCV) viral proteins followed by LPS stimulation. Phenotyping was done by flowcytometry and gene expression profiling was evaluated by real-time PCR.RESULTS: Non-responders [sustained virological response(SVR)-ve] to conventional antiviral therapy had significantly higher expression of genes associated with interferon responsive element such as IDO1 and PD-L1(6-fold) and negative regulators of JAK-STAT pathway such as SOCS(6-fold) as compared to responders(SVR+ve) to antiviral therapy. The downregulated genes in non-responders included factors involved in antigen processing and presentation mainly belonging to major histocompatibility complex(MHC) Class-Ⅱ family as HLA-DP, HLA-DQ(2-fold) and superoxide dismutase(2-fold). Cells grown in the presence of HCV viral proteins had genes downregulated for factors involved in innate response, interferon signaling, DC maturation and co-stimulatory signaling to T-cells, while the genes for cytokine signaling and Toll-like receptors(4-fold) were upregulated as compared to cells grown in absence of viral proteins.CONCLUSION: Underexpressed MHC class-Ⅱ genes and upregulated negative regulators in non-responders indicate diminished capacity to present antigen and may constitute mechanism of functionally defective state of DCs.
文摘The profile method is the principal method first to be chosen to measure the apparent optical parameters of waters. This paper first introduces the profile method briefly, then modifies Ⅱthe applied algorithm in the light of the properties of the class- waters and lastly, analyses the effect of application.
文摘Many studies have been conducted by analyzing crash data that included road profile, site conditions, vehicle configurations and weights, driver behavior, etc.. However, limited studies have been conducted evaluating the impact of these factors on crashes and/or rollover through simulations. This is mainly due to lack of availability of verified full vehicle flexible-body models. The verification process is costly as it requires instrumentation of a heavy vehicle, scanning of road surfaces, and collection of data by running the vehicle over different road conditions, performing various maneuvering, etc. This paper presents the reverse engineering process of a class-8 truck and validation of a full flexible-body simulation model of a Wabash 53-foot trailer against the strain data recoded from proving ground testing of an instrumented truck. Simulation results show that, with the exception of the noise from the strain gage data from instrumented test run at 30 mph, there is a good agreement in periodicity and relative amplitude with the ADAMS model. A comparison of strain data from the flex-body model and the instrumented truck shows that the modeling and verification approach presented in this paper can be confidently used to validate the full flexible-body models developed for specific analyses.
文摘This paper presents a 1.8 GHz class-E controlled power amplifier (PA). The proposed power amplifier is designed with two-stage architecture. The main advantage of the proposed technique for output control power is a high 37 dB output power dynamic range with good average power adding efficiency. The measurement results show that the PA achieves a high power gain of 23 dBm and power added efficiency (PAE) by 38%. The circuit was post layout simulated in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology.
