The medical education of the Song dynasty constitutes a pivotal aspect within the broader framework of ancient Chinese medical education. The advent of the imperial examination system coincided with the emergence of a...The medical education of the Song dynasty constitutes a pivotal aspect within the broader framework of ancient Chinese medical education. The advent of the imperial examination system coincided with the emergence of a medical examination system, which served as the cornerstone for the subsequent evolution of medical education. According to historical records, the Song government established dedicated medical departments, along with comprehensive systems encompassing medical professors, students, and examinations. By examining extant medical historical documents, such as Tai Yi Ju Zhu Ke Cheng Wen Ge(《太医局诸科程文格》 Examination Answers and Standards of the Imperial Medical Bureau), researchers and readers can obtain a comprehensive understanding of the medical system that prevailed in the Song dynasty. While the intricate details of medical education during this era are not explicitly documented in historical records, modern researchers have the opportunity to uncover the entire view of medical education, particularly the medical examination system, through rigorous analysis of these extant historical medical documents. Such studies offer valuable insights into the developmental trajectory of the ancient Chinese medical examination system and provide crucial references for contemporary medical education. By conducting in-depth literature research and analysis of Tai Yi Ju Zhu Ke Cheng Wen Ge, this study endeavors to reconstruct the authentic scenario of medical examinations in the Song dynasty, as presented in the document, for the benefit of modern readers and researchers.展开更多
Bureau de Change建筑事务所近日为著名珠宝设计师Nikos Koulis打造了一间全新旗舰店。该店坐落于雅典最繁华的沃库莱斯蒂乌街,设计灵感源自雅典这座城市(设计师和客户的故乡),并巧妙融入了Koulis珠宝作品中的精湛工艺。店铺的氛围营造...Bureau de Change建筑事务所近日为著名珠宝设计师Nikos Koulis打造了一间全新旗舰店。该店坐落于雅典最繁华的沃库莱斯蒂乌街,设计灵感源自雅典这座城市(设计师和客户的故乡),并巧妙融入了Koulis珠宝作品中的精湛工艺。店铺的氛围营造始于街景视角。建筑师保留了原建筑20世纪60年代的简洁外立面,颠覆传统珠宝店过度使用玻璃橱窗的设计语言,转而安装一扇造型不规则的窗户,仅透出店内零星景象。以此激发路人的好奇心,吸引他们驻足细探。展开更多
A forest fire can be a real ecological disaster regardless of whether it is caused by natural forces or human activities, it is possible to map forest fire risk zones to minimize the frequency of fires, avert damage, ...A forest fire can be a real ecological disaster regardless of whether it is caused by natural forces or human activities, it is possible to map forest fire risk zones to minimize the frequency of fires, avert damage, etc. A method integrating remote sensing and GIS was developed and applied to forest fire risk zone mapping for Baihe forestry bureau in this paper. Satellite images were interpreted and classified to generate vegetation type layer and land use layers （roads, settlements and farmlands）. Topographic layers （slope, aspect and altitude） were derived from DEM. The thematic and topographic information was analyzed by using ARC/INFO GIS software. Forest fire risk zones were delineated by assigning subjective weights to the classes of all the layers （vegetation type, slope, aspect, altitude and distance from r3ads, farmlands and settlements） according to their sensitivity to fire or their fire-inducing capability. Five categories of forest fire risk ranging from very high to very low were derived automatically. The mapping result of the study area was found to be in strong agreement with actual fire-affected sites.展开更多
This paper demonstrates a Geographic Information Systems （GIS） procedure of classifying and mapping forest management category in Baihe Forestry Burea, Jilin Province, China. Within the study area, Baihe Forestry Bu...This paper demonstrates a Geographic Information Systems （GIS） procedure of classifying and mapping forest management category in Baihe Forestry Burea, Jilin Province, China. Within the study area, Baihe Forestry Bureau land was classified into a two-hierarchy system. The top-level class included the non-forest and forest. Over 96% of land area is forest in the study area, which was further divided into key ecological service forest （KES）, general ecological service forest （GES）, and commodity forest （COM）. COM covered 45.0% of the total land area and was the major forest management type in Baihe Forest Bureau. KES and GES accounted for 21.2% and 29.9% of the total land area, respectively. The forest management zones designed with GIS in this study were then compared with the forest management zones established using the hand draw by the local agency. There were obvious differences between the two products. It suggested that the differences had some to do with the data sources, basic unit and mapping procedures. It also suggested that the GIS method was a useful tool in integrating forest inventory data and other data for classifying and mapping forest zones to meet the needs of the classified forest management system.展开更多
In 1992 the Jixi Mining Bureau ranked 85th among the State’s big enterprises, 38th in fixed assets and 6th in China’s coal enterprises. It has 12 mines, fixed assets worth RMB2.96 billion, and a staff of 190,000 inc...In 1992 the Jixi Mining Bureau ranked 85th among the State’s big enterprises, 38th in fixed assets and 6th in China’s coal enterprises. It has 12 mines, fixed assets worth RMB2.96 billion, and a staff of 190,000 including 5,204 with academictitles. The bureau basts 19,700 pieces of equipment. Around 90 percent of mining is machine done and the annual output value is RMB1.85 billion. The output of coal in 1993 reached 13.展开更多
Recently the newly-appointed Director-General Zhang Renwei, Bureau of the China Building-Material Industry, introduced to reporters the situation and development of China’s building-materials industry. He said, "...Recently the newly-appointed Director-General Zhang Renwei, Bureau of the China Building-Material Industry, introduced to reporters the situation and development of China’s building-materials industry. He said, "China’s building materials have developed rapidly since the policy of reform and opening was implemented. Cement increasd 50 million tons a展开更多
文摘The medical education of the Song dynasty constitutes a pivotal aspect within the broader framework of ancient Chinese medical education. The advent of the imperial examination system coincided with the emergence of a medical examination system, which served as the cornerstone for the subsequent evolution of medical education. According to historical records, the Song government established dedicated medical departments, along with comprehensive systems encompassing medical professors, students, and examinations. By examining extant medical historical documents, such as Tai Yi Ju Zhu Ke Cheng Wen Ge(《太医局诸科程文格》 Examination Answers and Standards of the Imperial Medical Bureau), researchers and readers can obtain a comprehensive understanding of the medical system that prevailed in the Song dynasty. While the intricate details of medical education during this era are not explicitly documented in historical records, modern researchers have the opportunity to uncover the entire view of medical education, particularly the medical examination system, through rigorous analysis of these extant historical medical documents. Such studies offer valuable insights into the developmental trajectory of the ancient Chinese medical examination system and provide crucial references for contemporary medical education. By conducting in-depth literature research and analysis of Tai Yi Ju Zhu Ke Cheng Wen Ge, this study endeavors to reconstruct the authentic scenario of medical examinations in the Song dynasty, as presented in the document, for the benefit of modern readers and researchers.
文摘Bureau de Change建筑事务所近日为著名珠宝设计师Nikos Koulis打造了一间全新旗舰店。该店坐落于雅典最繁华的沃库莱斯蒂乌街,设计灵感源自雅典这座城市(设计师和客户的故乡),并巧妙融入了Koulis珠宝作品中的精湛工艺。店铺的氛围营造始于街景视角。建筑师保留了原建筑20世纪60年代的简洁外立面,颠覆传统珠宝店过度使用玻璃橱窗的设计语言,转而安装一扇造型不规则的窗户,仅透出店内零星景象。以此激发路人的好奇心,吸引他们驻足细探。
基金The sludy was supported by a grant of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 70373044 and 30470302） and National Key TechnolooiesR＆D Program （No. 2001BA510B07）
文摘A forest fire can be a real ecological disaster regardless of whether it is caused by natural forces or human activities, it is possible to map forest fire risk zones to minimize the frequency of fires, avert damage, etc. A method integrating remote sensing and GIS was developed and applied to forest fire risk zone mapping for Baihe forestry bureau in this paper. Satellite images were interpreted and classified to generate vegetation type layer and land use layers （roads, settlements and farmlands）. Topographic layers （slope, aspect and altitude） were derived from DEM. The thematic and topographic information was analyzed by using ARC/INFO GIS software. Forest fire risk zones were delineated by assigning subjective weights to the classes of all the layers （vegetation type, slope, aspect, altitude and distance from r3ads, farmlands and settlements） according to their sensitivity to fire or their fire-inducing capability. Five categories of forest fire risk ranging from very high to very low were derived automatically. The mapping result of the study area was found to be in strong agreement with actual fire-affected sites.
基金Foundation project： This research was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （70373044＆30470302）, China＇s Ministry of Science and Technology （04EFN216600328）, and Northeast Rejuvenation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘This paper demonstrates a Geographic Information Systems （GIS） procedure of classifying and mapping forest management category in Baihe Forestry Burea, Jilin Province, China. Within the study area, Baihe Forestry Bureau land was classified into a two-hierarchy system. The top-level class included the non-forest and forest. Over 96% of land area is forest in the study area, which was further divided into key ecological service forest （KES）, general ecological service forest （GES）, and commodity forest （COM）. COM covered 45.0% of the total land area and was the major forest management type in Baihe Forest Bureau. KES and GES accounted for 21.2% and 29.9% of the total land area, respectively. The forest management zones designed with GIS in this study were then compared with the forest management zones established using the hand draw by the local agency. There were obvious differences between the two products. It suggested that the differences had some to do with the data sources, basic unit and mapping procedures. It also suggested that the GIS method was a useful tool in integrating forest inventory data and other data for classifying and mapping forest zones to meet the needs of the classified forest management system.
文摘In 1992 the Jixi Mining Bureau ranked 85th among the State’s big enterprises, 38th in fixed assets and 6th in China’s coal enterprises. It has 12 mines, fixed assets worth RMB2.96 billion, and a staff of 190,000 including 5,204 with academictitles. The bureau basts 19,700 pieces of equipment. Around 90 percent of mining is machine done and the annual output value is RMB1.85 billion. The output of coal in 1993 reached 13.
文摘Recently the newly-appointed Director-General Zhang Renwei, Bureau of the China Building-Material Industry, introduced to reporters the situation and development of China’s building-materials industry. He said, "China’s building materials have developed rapidly since the policy of reform and opening was implemented. Cement increasd 50 million tons a
