True Random Number Generators(TRNGs) are essential components in industrial systems and security-critical applications, providing non-deterministic randomness based on physical phenomena such as electronic noise, quan...True Random Number Generators(TRNGs) are essential components in industrial systems and security-critical applications, providing non-deterministic randomness based on physical phenomena such as electronic noise, quantum effects, and biological processes. Unlike Pseudo-Random Number Generators(PRNGs), TRNGs offer stronger unpredictability, making them crucial in areas such as industrial control systems(ICS),secure communications, and block-chain protocols. This survey provides a comprehensive review of TRNG technologies. It covers various types of TRNGs and their physical principles, traces their historical development from early hardware to modern implementations,and examines widely used statistical and visual analysis methods for evaluating randomness.We also discuss key challenges in TRNG development, including entropy source reliability,hardware limitations, and scalability for real-world deployment. Furthermore, we explore TRNG applications in block-chain systems, where they support tamper-resistant operations such as consensus, smart contracts, and device authentication. We also highlight the growing integration of TRNGs with machine learning techniques, both to improve randomness generation and to monitor and analyze TRNG output. Overall, this review aims to provide researchers and practitioners with a clear and structured understanding of TRNGs,emphasizing their importance in modern digital and industrial environments.展开更多
To analyze the impact of solar eclipse attacks on the block-chain network and comprehensively and accurately evaluate the security of the current system,a method based on the Markov differential is proposed to solve t...To analyze the impact of solar eclipse attacks on the block-chain network and comprehensively and accurately evaluate the security of the current system,a method based on the Markov differential is proposed to solve the problem that it is difficult to meet the multi-stage continuous real-time randomness in the current block-chain network attack and defense process.Block-chain network security situation awareness method based on game model.This method analyzes the security data generated by the solar eclipse attack,establishes the corresponding attack graph,and classifies the offensive and defensive strengths of the offensive and defensive parties.Through a multi-stage offensive and defensive game,the security level of each node of the blockchain system is combined with the final objective function value comprehensively evaluates the real-time security status of the system.The results of simulation experiments show that the proposed model and algorithm can not only effectively evaluate the overall security of the blockchain network,but also have feasibility in predicting the future security status.展开更多
贡献值证明(proof of contribution value,PoC)在交易中存在通过筹集资金增加交易量、制造虚假贡献值以提高记账权概率的问题.权益证明(proof-of-stake,PoS)面临不活跃节点通过长期持有权益累积币龄,增加成为出块节点可能性的问题.为解...贡献值证明(proof of contribution value,PoC)在交易中存在通过筹集资金增加交易量、制造虚假贡献值以提高记账权概率的问题.权益证明(proof-of-stake,PoS)面临不活跃节点通过长期持有权益累积币龄,增加成为出块节点可能性的问题.为解决这些问题,提出混合共识机制PoCaS.该机制首先引入亲密度概念,结合贡献值计算声誉贡献值,以识别虚假贡献值.其次,按声誉贡献值降序排序,根据斐波那契数列分组得到活跃指数.最后,综合权益值和活跃指数设定挖矿难度,各节点通过工作量证明(proof-of-work,PoW)竞争出块.实验显示,PoCaS可使虚假贡献值节点出块率降低80%,币龄累计节点获得记账权次数减少89%,并提升节点积极性.展开更多
基金supported in part by the JSPS KAKENHI under Grants 23K11072 and 24KF0259in part by the Telecommunications Advancement Foundation
文摘True Random Number Generators(TRNGs) are essential components in industrial systems and security-critical applications, providing non-deterministic randomness based on physical phenomena such as electronic noise, quantum effects, and biological processes. Unlike Pseudo-Random Number Generators(PRNGs), TRNGs offer stronger unpredictability, making them crucial in areas such as industrial control systems(ICS),secure communications, and block-chain protocols. This survey provides a comprehensive review of TRNG technologies. It covers various types of TRNGs and their physical principles, traces their historical development from early hardware to modern implementations,and examines widely used statistical and visual analysis methods for evaluating randomness.We also discuss key challenges in TRNG development, including entropy source reliability,hardware limitations, and scalability for real-world deployment. Furthermore, we explore TRNG applications in block-chain systems, where they support tamper-resistant operations such as consensus, smart contracts, and device authentication. We also highlight the growing integration of TRNGs with machine learning techniques, both to improve randomness generation and to monitor and analyze TRNG output. Overall, this review aims to provide researchers and practitioners with a clear and structured understanding of TRNGs,emphasizing their importance in modern digital and industrial environments.
基金supported by Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LH2021F031)。
文摘To analyze the impact of solar eclipse attacks on the block-chain network and comprehensively and accurately evaluate the security of the current system,a method based on the Markov differential is proposed to solve the problem that it is difficult to meet the multi-stage continuous real-time randomness in the current block-chain network attack and defense process.Block-chain network security situation awareness method based on game model.This method analyzes the security data generated by the solar eclipse attack,establishes the corresponding attack graph,and classifies the offensive and defensive strengths of the offensive and defensive parties.Through a multi-stage offensive and defensive game,the security level of each node of the blockchain system is combined with the final objective function value comprehensively evaluates the real-time security status of the system.The results of simulation experiments show that the proposed model and algorithm can not only effectively evaluate the overall security of the blockchain network,but also have feasibility in predicting the future security status.
文摘贡献值证明(proof of contribution value,PoC)在交易中存在通过筹集资金增加交易量、制造虚假贡献值以提高记账权概率的问题.权益证明(proof-of-stake,PoS)面临不活跃节点通过长期持有权益累积币龄,增加成为出块节点可能性的问题.为解决这些问题,提出混合共识机制PoCaS.该机制首先引入亲密度概念,结合贡献值计算声誉贡献值,以识别虚假贡献值.其次,按声誉贡献值降序排序,根据斐波那契数列分组得到活跃指数.最后,综合权益值和活跃指数设定挖矿难度,各节点通过工作量证明(proof-of-work,PoW)竞争出块.实验显示,PoCaS可使虚假贡献值节点出块率降低80%,币龄累计节点获得记账权次数减少89%,并提升节点积极性.
