摘要
农产品质量安全可追溯体系作为保障食品安全的关键技术手段,能够有效提升供应链主体与消费者之间的信任关系,为实施精准化质量安全召回机制提供科学依据,因而成为近年来学术研究的重点。该文系统梳理了中国农产品质量安全可追溯体系的理论内涵和分类框架,通过历史演进视角将其发展进程划分为初步构建制度框架、全面推广平台建设和体系完善与数字智能化转型3个阶段。重点剖析了物联网、大数据、人工智能、区块链等信息技术在追溯技术体系中的创新应用,从追溯信息感知、信息处理、信息系统平台建设3个方面客观评述各类技术的优势与局限性。通过系统梳理国家标准、行业标准及地方标准的建设现状,指出当前标准化进程中存在的区域差异性与技术适配性等问题。最后提出未来发展建议,探讨了量子区块链、元宇宙、数字孪生等前沿技术在农产品质量安全可追溯领域的应用潜力,并强调构建跨链协同、虚实融合的智能化可追溯体系,为推进中国农产品质量安全可追溯体系向智能化与协同化发展提供理论支撑和实践路径。
Agricultural product quality and safety traceability can effectively enhance the trust between supply chain entities and consumers.It is often required for precise quality and safety recall mechanisms to ensure national food safety in recent years.This article aims to systematically summarize the basic concepts and classifications of agricultural product quality and safety traceability in China.The history of traceability was elaborated in three stages:institutional frameworks,platform construction,and digital transformation.The key technologies were successfully integrated,such as the Internet of Things,big data,blockchain,and artificial intelligence.Significant progress was achieved in information perception,data processing,anticounterfeiting traceability,and intelligent analysis.Its technological empowerment was elucidated across the three-dimensional layer,including the information perception,processing,and decision-making layer.The advantages and disadvantages of these traceability applications were discussed to summarize the existing traceability platforms,national standards,industry standards,and local standards.However,some challenges remained in the data sharing and integration,including the severe data silos,diverse traceability models,as well as the less standards and specifications.Additionally,the high costs and the limited integration of emerging technologies with the traceability framework have restricted the promotion and application of such systems.The traceability technology was also aligned with the market-oriented applications and platform implementation in practice.The optimal systems were gradually improved the standardization frameworks.Future research and application can focus on the following aspects.In the traceability information perception,the intelligent equipment(such as embodied intelligence and low-altitude drones)will play a significant role in the logistics and distribution.Hardware development can also drive toward greater intelligence and automation.In traceability information processing,large-scale models and quantum blockchains can be explored in data processing and intelligent decision-making.In the traceability information interaction,cutting-edge technologies can be applied,like big data,the Internet,and the Internet of Things.Furthermore,the nextgeneration technologies were integrated with the traceability system,such as 3D printing,the metaverse,and digital twins.The traceability standards can evolve into cross-platform,cross-regional,cross-departmental,and even cross-border collaborative traceability.Application-oriented standard leadership can be strengthened for a unified technical standard system.A traceability standard system can be developed to cover the entire supply chain of agricultural products.Finally,the findings can provide theoretical support and practical guidance to advance the intelligent and collaborative system.
作者
孙传恒
朱文颖
邢斌
罗娜
杨信廷
SUN Chuanheng;ZHU Wenying;XING Bin;LUO Na;YANG Xinting(National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Agri-product Quality Traceability,Beijing 100097,China;Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100097,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期1-14,共14页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2001304)。
关键词
可追溯体系
质量安全
标识技术
物联网
区块链
人工智能
traceability system
quality and safety
identification technology
Internet of Things
block chain
artificial intelligence
