为解决第三代音视频编码标准(audio video coding standard 3,AVS3)帧内预测的耗时问题,提出一种基于最小编码单元(coding unit,CU)代价的帧内预测并行算法。首先,将图像划分为最小CU。然后,利用原始像素作为参考,并行计算所有最小CU的...为解决第三代音视频编码标准(audio video coding standard 3,AVS3)帧内预测的耗时问题,提出一种基于最小编码单元(coding unit,CU)代价的帧内预测并行算法。首先,将图像划分为最小CU。然后,利用原始像素作为参考,并行计算所有最小CU的帧内模式代价。最后,用代价组合的方式快速计算出其他CU的帧内模式优先级,选择最优的15个模式进入粗略模式决策(rough mode decision,RMD)阶段。此外,为减少方法引入的误差,提出了3种优化策略。在预测前对原始像素进行预处理,使其更贴合重构像素;修改帧内预测的代价函数,以更准确地估计每种模式的优先级;大尺寸CU使用顶层的CU代价作为参考,减少CU组合累积的误差。实验结果表明,在码率仅下降0.35%的情况下,整体编码的计算时间减少了27%,有效地减少了帧内预测的耗时并保证了编码质量。展开更多
针对提高4K超高清电视广播视频压缩效率,减少存储空间和网络带宽这一需求,提出应用音视频编码标准3(Audio Video Coding Standard 3,AVS3)视频编解码技术,利用AVS3编解码标准的高效性,提升4K超高清视频内容的编码质量和传输效率。首先,...针对提高4K超高清电视广播视频压缩效率,减少存储空间和网络带宽这一需求,提出应用音视频编码标准3(Audio Video Coding Standard 3,AVS3)视频编解码技术,利用AVS3编解码标准的高效性,提升4K超高清视频内容的编码质量和传输效率。首先,从节目制播环节入手,通过扩展帧内角度预测和信源动态编码,在保持图像质量的同时降低编码比特率,优化编码过程,节省传输带宽;其次,通过视频分层并行解码和音频解码还放声音技术,提升接收解码及呈现的速度和质量;最后,通过应用实验验证AVS3视频编解码技术在4K超高清电视广播领域的实际效果。展开更多
Background:With growing interest in space exploration,understanding microgravity’s impact on human health is essential.This study aims to investigate gene expression changes and migration and invasion potential infive...Background:With growing interest in space exploration,understanding microgravity’s impact on human health is essential.This study aims to investigate gene expression changes and migration and invasion potential infive thyroid-related cell lines cultured under simulated microgravity.Methods:Five thyroid-related cell lines—normal thyrocytes(Nthy-ori 3-1),papillary thyroid cancer(PTC)cells(SNU-790,TPC-1),poorly differentiated thyroid cancer cell(BCPAP),and anaplastic thyroid cancer cell(SNU-80)—were cultured under simulated microgravity(10-3 g)using a clinostat.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were analyzed using cDNA microarray,followed by functional annotation and assessment of aggressiveness via Transwell migration and invasion assays.Results:DEG analysis under simulated microgravity revealed distinct gene expression profiles by gravity condition,with 2980 DEGs in SNU-790,1033 in BCPAP,562 in TPC-1,477 in Nthy-ori 3-1,and 246 in SNU-80,as confirmed by hierarchical clustering.In PTC cell lines(SNU-790,TPC-1),G2–M phase–related genes were upregulated.In non-PTC cell lines(BCPAP,SNU-80),genes associated with innate immune response,Toll-like receptor signaling,were upregulated,whereas Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha(HIF-1α)signaling-related genes were downregulated.Additionally,under simulated microgravity,significant migration was observed in SNU-790(3×104 cells)and BCPAP(2×104 and 3×104),while significant invasion occurred in SNU-790,Nthy-ori 3-1,and BCPAP at a seeding density of 2×104.Other conditions showed no significant differences.Conclusion:This study comprehensively evaluates the effects of simulated microgravity using a diverse panel of thyroid-related cell lines.Thesefindings provide valuable insight into how microgravity could influence cancer biology,emphasizing the importance of further research on cancer behavior in space environments and its implications for human health during long-term space missions.展开更多
为了面向低延时的浅压缩场景提供更加适配的编码方案,并降低硬件实现成本,提出一种基于数字音视频编解码技术标准(Audio Video coding Standard,AVS)浅压缩算法的帧内预测模式优化以及快速率失真优化算法。该算法通过减少原有算法帧内...为了面向低延时的浅压缩场景提供更加适配的编码方案,并降低硬件实现成本,提出一种基于数字音视频编解码技术标准(Audio Video coding Standard,AVS)浅压缩算法的帧内预测模式优化以及快速率失真优化算法。该算法通过减少原有算法帧内预测所需的预测循环次数,以及打破各块之间的数据依赖关系等措施,克服了原始方案不适合硬件流水并行处理的限制,提高了编码的效率和稳定性,从而既保障了算法的视频质量,又使新的硬件实现方案更符合实际应用需求。实验结果表明,该算法优化方案能够有效改善实际面向低延时浅压缩场景下的编码效果。展开更多
Rice is a poor source of folate,an essential micronutrient for the body.Biofortification offers an effective way to enhance the folate content of rice and alleviate folate deficiencies in humans.In this study,we confi...Rice is a poor source of folate,an essential micronutrient for the body.Biofortification offers an effective way to enhance the folate content of rice and alleviate folate deficiencies in humans.In this study,we confirmed that OsADCS and OsGTPCHI,encoding the initial enzymes necessary for folate synthesis,positively regulate folate accumulation in knockout mutants of both japonica and indica rice backgrounds.The folate content in the low-folate japonica variety was slightly increased by the expression of the indica alleles driven by the endosperm-specific promoter.We further obtained co-expression lines by stacking OsADCS and OsGTPCHI genes;the folate accumulation in brown rice and polished rice reached 5.65μg/g and 2.95μg/g,respectively,representing 37.9-fold and 26.5-fold increases compared with the wild type.Transcriptomic analysis of rice grains from six transgenic lines showed that folate changes affected biological pathways involved in the synthesis and metabolism of rice seed storage substances,while the expression of other folate synthesis genes was weakly regulated.In addition,we identified Aus rice as a high-folate germplasm carrying superior haplotypes of OsADCS and OsGTPCHI through natural variation.This study provides an alternative and effective complementary strategy for rice biofortification,promoting the rational combination of metabolic engineering and conventional breeding to breed high-folate varieties.展开更多
Objective INF2 is a member of the formins family.Abnormal expression and regulation of INF2 have been associated with the progression of various tumors,but the expression and role of INF2 in hepatocellular carcinoma(H...Objective INF2 is a member of the formins family.Abnormal expression and regulation of INF2 have been associated with the progression of various tumors,but the expression and role of INF2 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remain unclear.HCC is a highly lethal malignant tumor.Given the limitations of traditional treatments,this study explored the expression level,clinical value and potential mechanism of INF2 in HCC in order to seek new therapeutic targets.Methods In this study,we used public databases to analyze the expression of INF2 in pan-cancer and HCC,as well as the impact of INF2 expression levels on HCC prognosis.Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),Western blot,and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression level of INF2 in liver cancer cells and human HCC tissues.The correlation between INF2 expression and clinical pathological features was analyzed using public databases and clinical data of human HCC samples.Subsequently,the effects of INF2 expression on the biological function and Drp1 phosphorylation of liver cancer cells were elucidated through in vitro and in vivo experiments.Finally,the predictive value and potential mechanism of INF2 in HCC were further analyzed through database and immunohistochemical experiments.Results INF2 is aberrantly high expression in HCC samples and the high expression of INF2 is correlated with overall survival,liver cirrhosis and pathological differentiation of HCC patients.The expression level of INF2 has certain diagnostic value in predicting the prognosis and pathological differentiation of HCC.In vivo and in vitro HCC models,upregulated expression of INF2 triggers the proliferation and migration of the HCC cell,while knockdown of INF2 could counteract this effect.INF2 in liver cancer cells may affect mitochondrial division by inducing Drp1 phosphorylation and mediate immune escape by up-regulating PD-L1 expression,thus promoting tumor progression.Conclusion INF2 is highly expressed in HCC and is associated with poor prognosis.High expression of INF2 may promote HCC progression by inducing Drp1 phosphorylation and up-regulation of PD-L1 expression,and targeting INF2 may be beneficial for HCC patients with high expression of INF2.展开更多
在音视频传输领域,AV over IP系统通过网络传送高质量的音视频内容,已成为现代传输技术的一种重要形式。随着AV over IP技术的长足发展,基带和网际互连协议(Internet Protocol,IP)融合成为现阶段广电行业制作与播出的典型应用模式。该...在音视频传输领域,AV over IP系统通过网络传送高质量的音视频内容,已成为现代传输技术的一种重要形式。随着AV over IP技术的长足发展,基带和网际互连协议(Internet Protocol,IP)融合成为现阶段广电行业制作与播出的典型应用模式。该模式考虑了不同的级联方案,既能够应对复杂的现场环境,又减少了系统传输节点,降低了信号传输时延。基于此,分析混合架构在AV over IP系统中提升传输效率的策略,并通过实验评估其性能,旨在提供一种有效的技术路线,以应对日益增长的数据传输需求。展开更多
The xylitol dehydrogenase(XDH)is a crucial enzyme involved in the xylose utilization in pentose⁃catabolizing yeasts and fungi.In addition to producing xylulose,XDH can also be employed to develop a biosensor for monit...The xylitol dehydrogenase(XDH)is a crucial enzyme involved in the xylose utilization in pentose⁃catabolizing yeasts and fungi.In addition to producing xylulose,XDH can also be employed to develop a biosensor for monitoring xylitol concentration.In this study,the gene encoding the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces emersonii XDH(TeXDH)was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)at 16℃in the soluble form.Recombinant TeXDH with high purity was purified by using a Ni⁃NTA affinity column.Size⁃exclusion chromatography and SDS⁃PAGE analysis demonstrated that the puri⁃fied recombinant TeXDH exists as a native trimer with a molecular mass of approximately 116 kD,and is composed of three identical subunits,each with a molecular weight of around 39 kD.The TeXDH strictly preferred NAD^(+)as a coenzyme to NADP^(+).The optimal temperature and pH of the TeXDH were 40℃and 10.0,respectively.After EDTA treatment,the enzyme activity of TeXDH decreased to 43.26%of the initial enzyme activity,while the divalent metal ions Mg^(2+)or Ca^(2+)could recover the enzyme activity of TeXDH,reaching 103.32%and 110.69%of the initial enzyme activity,respectively,making them the optimal divalent metal ion cofactors for TeXDH enzyme.However,the divalent metal ions of Mn^(2+),Ni^(2+),Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),Co^(2+),and Cd^(2+)significantly inhibited the activity of TeXDH.ICP⁃MS and molecular doc⁃king studies revealed that 1 mol/L of TeXDH bound 2 mol/L Zn^(2+)ions and 1 mol/L Mg^(2+)ion.Further⁃more,TeXDH exhibited a high specificity for xylitol,laying the foundation for the development of future xylitol biosensors.展开更多
文摘为解决第三代音视频编码标准(audio video coding standard 3,AVS3)帧内预测的耗时问题,提出一种基于最小编码单元(coding unit,CU)代价的帧内预测并行算法。首先,将图像划分为最小CU。然后,利用原始像素作为参考,并行计算所有最小CU的帧内模式代价。最后,用代价组合的方式快速计算出其他CU的帧内模式优先级,选择最优的15个模式进入粗略模式决策(rough mode decision,RMD)阶段。此外,为减少方法引入的误差,提出了3种优化策略。在预测前对原始像素进行预处理,使其更贴合重构像素;修改帧内预测的代价函数,以更准确地估计每种模式的优先级;大尺寸CU使用顶层的CU代价作为参考,减少CU组合累积的误差。实验结果表明,在码率仅下降0.35%的情况下,整体编码的计算时间减少了27%,有效地减少了帧内预测的耗时并保证了编码质量。
文摘针对提高4K超高清电视广播视频压缩效率,减少存储空间和网络带宽这一需求,提出应用音视频编码标准3(Audio Video Coding Standard 3,AVS3)视频编解码技术,利用AVS3编解码标准的高效性,提升4K超高清视频内容的编码质量和传输效率。首先,从节目制播环节入手,通过扩展帧内角度预测和信源动态编码,在保持图像质量的同时降低编码比特率,优化编码过程,节省传输带宽;其次,通过视频分层并行解码和音频解码还放声音技术,提升接收解码及呈现的速度和质量;最后,通过应用实验验证AVS3视频编解码技术在4K超高清电视广播领域的实际效果。
文摘Background:With growing interest in space exploration,understanding microgravity’s impact on human health is essential.This study aims to investigate gene expression changes and migration and invasion potential infive thyroid-related cell lines cultured under simulated microgravity.Methods:Five thyroid-related cell lines—normal thyrocytes(Nthy-ori 3-1),papillary thyroid cancer(PTC)cells(SNU-790,TPC-1),poorly differentiated thyroid cancer cell(BCPAP),and anaplastic thyroid cancer cell(SNU-80)—were cultured under simulated microgravity(10-3 g)using a clinostat.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were analyzed using cDNA microarray,followed by functional annotation and assessment of aggressiveness via Transwell migration and invasion assays.Results:DEG analysis under simulated microgravity revealed distinct gene expression profiles by gravity condition,with 2980 DEGs in SNU-790,1033 in BCPAP,562 in TPC-1,477 in Nthy-ori 3-1,and 246 in SNU-80,as confirmed by hierarchical clustering.In PTC cell lines(SNU-790,TPC-1),G2–M phase–related genes were upregulated.In non-PTC cell lines(BCPAP,SNU-80),genes associated with innate immune response,Toll-like receptor signaling,were upregulated,whereas Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha(HIF-1α)signaling-related genes were downregulated.Additionally,under simulated microgravity,significant migration was observed in SNU-790(3×104 cells)and BCPAP(2×104 and 3×104),while significant invasion occurred in SNU-790,Nthy-ori 3-1,and BCPAP at a seeding density of 2×104.Other conditions showed no significant differences.Conclusion:This study comprehensively evaluates the effects of simulated microgravity using a diverse panel of thyroid-related cell lines.Thesefindings provide valuable insight into how microgravity could influence cancer biology,emphasizing the importance of further research on cancer behavior in space environments and its implications for human health during long-term space missions.
文摘为了面向低延时的浅压缩场景提供更加适配的编码方案,并降低硬件实现成本,提出一种基于数字音视频编解码技术标准(Audio Video coding Standard,AVS)浅压缩算法的帧内预测模式优化以及快速率失真优化算法。该算法通过减少原有算法帧内预测所需的预测循环次数,以及打破各块之间的数据依赖关系等措施,克服了原始方案不适合硬件流水并行处理的限制,提高了编码的效率和稳定性,从而既保障了算法的视频质量,又使新的硬件实现方案更符合实际应用需求。实验结果表明,该算法优化方案能够有效改善实际面向低延时浅压缩场景下的编码效果。
基金supported by the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202403)。
文摘Rice is a poor source of folate,an essential micronutrient for the body.Biofortification offers an effective way to enhance the folate content of rice and alleviate folate deficiencies in humans.In this study,we confirmed that OsADCS and OsGTPCHI,encoding the initial enzymes necessary for folate synthesis,positively regulate folate accumulation in knockout mutants of both japonica and indica rice backgrounds.The folate content in the low-folate japonica variety was slightly increased by the expression of the indica alleles driven by the endosperm-specific promoter.We further obtained co-expression lines by stacking OsADCS and OsGTPCHI genes;the folate accumulation in brown rice and polished rice reached 5.65μg/g and 2.95μg/g,respectively,representing 37.9-fold and 26.5-fold increases compared with the wild type.Transcriptomic analysis of rice grains from six transgenic lines showed that folate changes affected biological pathways involved in the synthesis and metabolism of rice seed storage substances,while the expression of other folate synthesis genes was weakly regulated.In addition,we identified Aus rice as a high-folate germplasm carrying superior haplotypes of OsADCS and OsGTPCHI through natural variation.This study provides an alternative and effective complementary strategy for rice biofortification,promoting the rational combination of metabolic engineering and conventional breeding to breed high-folate varieties.
文摘Objective INF2 is a member of the formins family.Abnormal expression and regulation of INF2 have been associated with the progression of various tumors,but the expression and role of INF2 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remain unclear.HCC is a highly lethal malignant tumor.Given the limitations of traditional treatments,this study explored the expression level,clinical value and potential mechanism of INF2 in HCC in order to seek new therapeutic targets.Methods In this study,we used public databases to analyze the expression of INF2 in pan-cancer and HCC,as well as the impact of INF2 expression levels on HCC prognosis.Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),Western blot,and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression level of INF2 in liver cancer cells and human HCC tissues.The correlation between INF2 expression and clinical pathological features was analyzed using public databases and clinical data of human HCC samples.Subsequently,the effects of INF2 expression on the biological function and Drp1 phosphorylation of liver cancer cells were elucidated through in vitro and in vivo experiments.Finally,the predictive value and potential mechanism of INF2 in HCC were further analyzed through database and immunohistochemical experiments.Results INF2 is aberrantly high expression in HCC samples and the high expression of INF2 is correlated with overall survival,liver cirrhosis and pathological differentiation of HCC patients.The expression level of INF2 has certain diagnostic value in predicting the prognosis and pathological differentiation of HCC.In vivo and in vitro HCC models,upregulated expression of INF2 triggers the proliferation and migration of the HCC cell,while knockdown of INF2 could counteract this effect.INF2 in liver cancer cells may affect mitochondrial division by inducing Drp1 phosphorylation and mediate immune escape by up-regulating PD-L1 expression,thus promoting tumor progression.Conclusion INF2 is highly expressed in HCC and is associated with poor prognosis.High expression of INF2 may promote HCC progression by inducing Drp1 phosphorylation and up-regulation of PD-L1 expression,and targeting INF2 may be beneficial for HCC patients with high expression of INF2.
文摘在音视频传输领域,AV over IP系统通过网络传送高质量的音视频内容,已成为现代传输技术的一种重要形式。随着AV over IP技术的长足发展,基带和网际互连协议(Internet Protocol,IP)融合成为现阶段广电行业制作与播出的典型应用模式。该模式考虑了不同的级联方案,既能够应对复杂的现场环境,又减少了系统传输节点,降低了信号传输时延。基于此,分析混合架构在AV over IP系统中提升传输效率的策略,并通过实验评估其性能,旨在提供一种有效的技术路线,以应对日益增长的数据传输需求。
基金湖南省教育厅基金优秀青年项目(No.22B0482)湖南科技大学博士启动基金(No.E51992 and E51993)资助。
文摘The xylitol dehydrogenase(XDH)is a crucial enzyme involved in the xylose utilization in pentose⁃catabolizing yeasts and fungi.In addition to producing xylulose,XDH can also be employed to develop a biosensor for monitoring xylitol concentration.In this study,the gene encoding the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces emersonii XDH(TeXDH)was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)at 16℃in the soluble form.Recombinant TeXDH with high purity was purified by using a Ni⁃NTA affinity column.Size⁃exclusion chromatography and SDS⁃PAGE analysis demonstrated that the puri⁃fied recombinant TeXDH exists as a native trimer with a molecular mass of approximately 116 kD,and is composed of three identical subunits,each with a molecular weight of around 39 kD.The TeXDH strictly preferred NAD^(+)as a coenzyme to NADP^(+).The optimal temperature and pH of the TeXDH were 40℃and 10.0,respectively.After EDTA treatment,the enzyme activity of TeXDH decreased to 43.26%of the initial enzyme activity,while the divalent metal ions Mg^(2+)or Ca^(2+)could recover the enzyme activity of TeXDH,reaching 103.32%and 110.69%of the initial enzyme activity,respectively,making them the optimal divalent metal ion cofactors for TeXDH enzyme.However,the divalent metal ions of Mn^(2+),Ni^(2+),Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),Co^(2+),and Cd^(2+)significantly inhibited the activity of TeXDH.ICP⁃MS and molecular doc⁃king studies revealed that 1 mol/L of TeXDH bound 2 mol/L Zn^(2+)ions and 1 mol/L Mg^(2+)ion.Further⁃more,TeXDH exhibited a high specificity for xylitol,laying the foundation for the development of future xylitol biosensors.
