Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of functional amenorrhea by establishing artificial cycle.Method One hundred and twelve eligible patients with functional amenorrh...Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of functional amenorrhea by establishing artificial cycle.Method One hundred and twelve eligible patients with functional amenorrhea were divided into an acupuncture-moxibustion group（64 cases） and a western medication group（48 cases） by adopting random method.According to the pattern differentiation of amenorrhea of traditional Chinese medicine,the patients in the acupuncture-moxibustion group were classified into two types：amenorrhea due to blood depletion and amenorrhea due to stagnation of blood.For patients with amenorrhea due to blood depletion,Guanyuan（关元 CV4）,Zhongji（中极CV 3）,GuiTlai（归来ST 29）,Geshu（膈俞 BL 17）,Ganshu（肝俞BL 18）,Pishu（脾俞 BL 20） and Shenshu（肾俞 BL 23） were selected.At first,BL 17,BL 18,BL 20 and BL 23 were needled;after deqi,reinforcing method was applied,and the needles were not retained.Then,warmingneedle moxibustion was applied at CV 4,CV 3 and ST 29,and the needles were retained for 30 min.For patients with amenorrhea due to stagnation of blood,CV 3,Qihai（气海CV 6）,Xuehai（血海 SP 10）,Sanyinjiao（三阴交 SP 6）and Xingjian（行间 LR 2） were selected,reducing method was applied,and the needles were retained for 30 min.The treatment was performed once a day,and treatment for 15 consecutive days were the 1st cycle.The 2nd and3 rd cycles started from the 5th day of menstruation（for the patients still not menstruating,the 2nd and 3rd cycles started from the 29 th and 57 th days since the 1st day of treatment）,and the treatment lasted for 15 days.Three cycles were needed.In the western medicine group,estrogen-progestogen was taken orally for 21 days（one cycle） to establish a artificial cycle.The levels of FSH and LH were tested and compared on the 3rd day of menstruation before treatment and after the 3rd cycle of treatment,and the adverse effects were analyzed statistically.Follow-up visit was conducted for the patients after treatment for three cycles,and the recurrence rate was calculated.Result The levels of FSH and LH of patients with functional amenorrhea were enhanced significantly through establishing artificial cycle by acupuncture and moxibustion.There was no significant difference between the acupuncture-moxibustion group and the western medication group in effective rate（P〉0.05）;but the adverse effect rate（1.49%） and recurrence rate（25.0%） of the acupuncture-moxibustion group were lower than that of the western medication group（with the adverse effect rate of 4.14%,and recurrence rate of 69.8%）（both P〈0.05）.Conclusion The levels of FSH and LH of patients with functional amenorrhea can be enhanced significantly through establishing artificial cycle by acupuncture and moxibustion.The efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of functional amenorrhea by establishing artificial cycle is equivalent to that of oral administration of estrogen-progestogen in treatment of functional amenorrhea by establishing artificial cycle,but the adverse effect rate and recurrence rate of acupuncture and moxibustion group are lower.展开更多
Objective： In patients with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea （CIA）, the menopausal status is ambiguous anddifficult to evaluate. This study aimed to establish a discriminative model to predict and classify the menop...Objective： In patients with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea （CIA）, the menopausal status is ambiguous anddifficult to evaluate. This study aimed to establish a discriminative model to predict and classify the menopausalstatus of breast cancer patients with CIA.Methods： This is a single center hospital-based study from 2013 to 2016. The menopausal age distribution andaccumulated incidence rate of CIA are described. Multivariate models were adjusted for established and potentialconfounding factors including age, serum concentration of estradiol （E2） and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）,feeding, pregnancy, parity, abortions, and body mass index （BMI）. The odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidenceinterval （95% CI） of different risk factors were estimated.Results： A total of 1,796 breast cancer patients were included in this study, among whom, 1,175 （65.42%） werepremenopausal patients and 621 （34.58%） were post-menopause patients. Five hundred and fifty patients wereincluded in CIA analysis, and a cumulative CIA rate of 81.64% was found in them. Age （OR： 1.856, 95% CI：1.732-1.990）, serum concentration of E2 （OR： 0.976, 95% CI： 0.972-0.980） and FSH （OR： 1.060, 95% CI：1.053-i.066）, and menarche age （OR： 1.074, 95% CI： 1.009-1.144） were found to be associated with the patients＇menopausal status. According to multivariate analysis, the discriminative model to predict the menopausal status isLogit （P）=-28.396＋0.536Age-0.014E2＋0.031FSH. The sensitivities for this model were higher than 85%, and itsspecificities were higher than 89%.Conclusions： The discriminative model obtained from this study for predicting menstrual state is important forpremenopausal patients with CIA. This model has high specificity and sensitivity and should be prudently used.展开更多
The patient was an asymptomatic 43-year-old woman. Abdominal ultrasonography and enhanced computed tomography showed a tumor lesion accompanied by multiple cystic changes in the liver and the pancreatic tail. Endoscop...The patient was an asymptomatic 43-year-old woman. Abdominal ultrasonography and enhanced computed tomography showed a tumor lesion accompanied by multiple cystic changes in the liver and the pancreatic tail. Endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration was performed on the pancreatic tumor lesion and revealed pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor(PNET). As it was unresectable due to multiple liver metastases, the decision was made to initiate treatment with everolimus and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The patient ceased menstruating after the start of everolimus administration. When the administration was discontinued due to interstitial lung disease, menstruation resumed, but then again stopped with everolimus resumption. An association between everolimus and amenorrhea was highly suspected. Amenorrhea occurred as a rare adverse event of everolimus. As the younger women might be included in PNETs patients, we should put this adverse event into consideration.展开更多
Objective To analyze the relationship between karyotypes and clinic features of patients with primary amenorrhea.Methods G banding was done for 340 patients with primary amenorrhea to facilitate individual chromosome ...Objective To analyze the relationship between karyotypes and clinic features of patients with primary amenorrhea.Methods G banding was done for 340 patients with primary amenorrhea to facilitate individual chromosome identification,and if specific staining for certain portions of the chromosome was necessary,C banding was used.The clinical data were recorded by physical examination and ultrasound scanning.Results Karyotype analysis of the 340 patients revealed that 180(52.94%) patients had normal female karyotypes and 160(47.06%) patients had abnormal karyotypes.The abnormal karyotypes included abnormal X chromosome(150 patients),mosaic X-Y chromosome(4 patients),abnormal autosome(5 patients),and X-autosome translocation(1 patient).The main clinical manifestations in patients with primary amenorrhea were primordial or absent uterus(95.9%),invisible secondary sex features(68.8%),little or absent ovary(62.6%),and short stature(30.0%).The incidence of short stature in patients with X chromosome aberration(46%,69/150) was significangly higher that in patients with 46,XX(9.44%,17/180) as well as 46,XY(6.67%,3/45;χ2=146.25,P=0.000).All primary amenorrhea patients with deletion or break-point at Xp11.1-11.4 were short statures.Conclusions One of the main reasons of primary amenorrhea is choromosome abnormality,especially heterosome abnormality.It implies the need to routinely screen chromosomal anomalies for such patients.There might be relationship between Xp11.1-11.4 integrity and height improvement.展开更多
Cases of secondary amenorrhea were treated by acupuncture, and the rate ofrestoring menstruation is relatively high. The total effective rate was 77%. But the some diseasewhich may cause amenorrhea is difficult to tre...Cases of secondary amenorrhea were treated by acupuncture, and the rate ofrestoring menstruation is relatively high. The total effective rate was 77%. But the some diseasewhich may cause amenorrhea is difficult to treat, such as hypo-ovaria praecox, pituitary micro-adenoma. The acupuncture has clear curative effect during primary course treatment. The amenorrhea withlactorrhea syndrome by the high prolactin (PRL) in the serum is also able to be treated by usingacupuncture.展开更多
Background: A genital outflow tract obstruction is an uncommon cause of primary amenorrhea. If ovulation occurs, menstrual bleeding is prevented. Patients typically present with abdominal/pelvic pain due to hematocolp...Background: A genital outflow tract obstruction is an uncommon cause of primary amenorrhea. If ovulation occurs, menstrual bleeding is prevented. Patients typically present with abdominal/pelvic pain due to hematocolpos. Absence of significant hematocolpos could indicate a secondary source of primary amenorrhea and be challenging to the clinical diagnosis. Case: 17 year-old patient with primary amenorrhea, appropriate Tanner staging secondary sex characteristics, and transverse vaginal septum presents with virtual absence of hematocolpos. After vaginal septum resection, the patient began menstruating, although only evidenced by two cycles of vaginal spotting. Conclusion: Significant hematocolpos is an expected sequella of distal outlet obstruction when collated with secondary sexual characteristics. Absence of such along with suboptimal return of menstruation reflects pathophysiology which may be attributed to a coexistent disorder of the hypothalamus or higher central nervous system function.展开更多
Objective: To report the symptomatic and radiographic changes in an adult scoliosis patient with a history of amenorrhea and chronic constipation. Clinical Features: Patient presented for treatment with an 8-year hist...Objective: To report the symptomatic and radiographic changes in an adult scoliosis patient with a history of amenorrhea and chronic constipation. Clinical Features: Patient presented for treatment with an 8-year history of amenorrhea and chronic constipation. Radiographic study showed a right thoracic/left lumbar double major scoliosis. Intervention and Outcome: Patient was fitted for a scoliosis activity suit and given instructions for continued home use, building up to 3 - 4 hours total daily. After 6 months of use, her amenorrhea and chronic constipation had resolved, and both scoliosis Cobb angles also improved. Scores on before and after SRS-22r questionnaires, as well as a quadruple numerical pain rating scale, also improved. Conclusion: A patient wearing a scoliosis activity suit for 6 months reported symptomatic changes as well as radiographic, pain, and quality of life improvements. The results of this case cannot be generalized. More investigation into the association of scoliosis and other organic symptoms is warranted.展开更多
Background: We conducted this study to identify factors associated with the onset and reversibility of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou. Methods: A historical ...Background: We conducted this study to identify factors associated with the onset and reversibility of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou. Methods: A historical cohort study was performed and covered the period from 1 January 2014 to 31 July 2015. No menopausal patients managed for a histologically confirmed breast carcinoma and having benefited from chemotherapy were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea as well as its reversibility. Results: Seventy patients were included. The mean age was 38.5 years. Thirteen patients were obese and 19 (40.4%) had their menarche after age of 15 years. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 31 patients while 12 had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Sequential chemotherapy with an anthracycline and a taxanetherapeutic protocol was the most used. Forty-seven patients had a chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. The risk of having a chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea increases by 25% for each additional year of age at diagnosis of cancer (p = 0.0001). Obesity and menarche after age 15 were found to be protective factors. After adjusting these variables together, age, obesity, and age at menarche were factors independently associated with the occurrence of the chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. The reversibility was effective in 11 cases (37.9%) and especially concerned patients younger than 40 years (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Age is the primary risk factor. Reliable markers of ovarian function need to be developed to better select fertility conservation protocols.展开更多
"Tihujiegai method"(lifting a kettle and removing its lid figuratively refers to a method of lifting the'Lung Qi'(It refers to the functional activity of the lungs and also includes breathing gases.)..."Tihujiegai method"(lifting a kettle and removing its lid figuratively refers to a method of lifting the'Lung Qi'(It refers to the functional activity of the lungs and also includes breathing gases.)to promote urination.),created by Zhu Danxi(1281-1358),who ranked among the era’s best doctors,is a metaphor for using"Xuanfei method"(A method of promoting the dispersing function of the lung)or"Tiqi method"(A method for treating Qi activity depression),which has been widely used later.The author consulted a large number of relevant essays and found that the"Tihujiegai method"of amenorrhea was also effective.This study mainly discusses the treatment of amenorrhea method theoretically,and opens up ideas for clinical application.展开更多
Objective: To analyse the cytogenetic examination results and investigate the effect of chromosome abnormalities on amenorrhea.Methods: The routine cytogenetic analysis was performed, including the chromosome G band a...Objective: To analyse the cytogenetic examination results and investigate the effect of chromosome abnormalities on amenorrhea.Methods: The routine cytogenetic analysis was performed, including the chromosome G band analysis and karyotype analysis of the cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes from the patients with primary amenorrhea or secondary amenorrhea.Results: One hundred and thirty-seven cases were found with chromosome abnormalities in 234 patients with primary amenorrhea. The incidence of chromosome abnormality was 58.6%. In 309 with secondary amenorrhea, the incidence of chromosome abnormality was 13.6%.The reported abnormalities included the numerical and structural abnormalities of X chromosome, 46,XY, 45,X0/46,XY,and the structural abnormality of autosome.Conclusions: Chromosome abnormality is one of the main causes of amenorrhea. Karyotype analysis of chromosome is absolutely necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of patient with amenorrhea.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of low bone mass in amenorrhea patients with elevated follicular stimulating hormone (FSH). METHODS: Amenorrhea patients with elevated FSH: Primary amenorrhea 18 cases, secondar...OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of low bone mass in amenorrhea patients with elevated follicular stimulating hormone (FSH). METHODS: Amenorrhea patients with elevated FSH: Primary amenorrhea 18 cases, secondary amenorrhea 171 cases and age matched controls with normal menstruation, 180 cases. The descriptive parameters were: estrogen, alkaline phosphatase, urinary excretion of calcium to creatine ratio, cortical bone mineral density at the right radius measured by single photon absorptiometry and trabecular bone mineral density at the lumbar vertebra body measured by quantitative computerized tomography. RESULTS: Average E(2) levels in amenorrhea patients is under 150 pmol/L with significantly higher alkaline phosphatase and urine calcium to creatine ratio values than the normal menstruation group. Cortical bone mineral density in the secondary amenorrhea group (655 +/- 69 mg/cm(2)) was significantly lower than that of the normal menstruation group (677 +/- 56 mg/cm(2), P展开更多
Common variable immunodeficiency （CV1D） is a heterogeneous immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by defective antibody formation. Approximately 70-80% of patients are diagnosed based on a previous history of recur...Common variable immunodeficiency （CV1D） is a heterogeneous immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by defective antibody formation. Approximately 70-80% of patients are diagnosed based on a previous history of recurrent sinus and lung and gastrointestinal infections. The diagnosis is based on the exclusion of other known causes of humoral defects,展开更多
文摘Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of functional amenorrhea by establishing artificial cycle.Method One hundred and twelve eligible patients with functional amenorrhea were divided into an acupuncture-moxibustion group（64 cases） and a western medication group（48 cases） by adopting random method.According to the pattern differentiation of amenorrhea of traditional Chinese medicine,the patients in the acupuncture-moxibustion group were classified into two types：amenorrhea due to blood depletion and amenorrhea due to stagnation of blood.For patients with amenorrhea due to blood depletion,Guanyuan（关元 CV4）,Zhongji（中极CV 3）,GuiTlai（归来ST 29）,Geshu（膈俞 BL 17）,Ganshu（肝俞BL 18）,Pishu（脾俞 BL 20） and Shenshu（肾俞 BL 23） were selected.At first,BL 17,BL 18,BL 20 and BL 23 were needled;after deqi,reinforcing method was applied,and the needles were not retained.Then,warmingneedle moxibustion was applied at CV 4,CV 3 and ST 29,and the needles were retained for 30 min.For patients with amenorrhea due to stagnation of blood,CV 3,Qihai（气海CV 6）,Xuehai（血海 SP 10）,Sanyinjiao（三阴交 SP 6）and Xingjian（行间 LR 2） were selected,reducing method was applied,and the needles were retained for 30 min.The treatment was performed once a day,and treatment for 15 consecutive days were the 1st cycle.The 2nd and3 rd cycles started from the 5th day of menstruation（for the patients still not menstruating,the 2nd and 3rd cycles started from the 29 th and 57 th days since the 1st day of treatment）,and the treatment lasted for 15 days.Three cycles were needed.In the western medicine group,estrogen-progestogen was taken orally for 21 days（one cycle） to establish a artificial cycle.The levels of FSH and LH were tested and compared on the 3rd day of menstruation before treatment and after the 3rd cycle of treatment,and the adverse effects were analyzed statistically.Follow-up visit was conducted for the patients after treatment for three cycles,and the recurrence rate was calculated.Result The levels of FSH and LH of patients with functional amenorrhea were enhanced significantly through establishing artificial cycle by acupuncture and moxibustion.There was no significant difference between the acupuncture-moxibustion group and the western medication group in effective rate（P〉0.05）;but the adverse effect rate（1.49%） and recurrence rate（25.0%） of the acupuncture-moxibustion group were lower than that of the western medication group（with the adverse effect rate of 4.14%,and recurrence rate of 69.8%）（both P〈0.05）.Conclusion The levels of FSH and LH of patients with functional amenorrhea can be enhanced significantly through establishing artificial cycle by acupuncture and moxibustion.The efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of functional amenorrhea by establishing artificial cycle is equivalent to that of oral administration of estrogen-progestogen in treatment of functional amenorrhea by establishing artificial cycle,but the adverse effect rate and recurrence rate of acupuncture and moxibustion group are lower.
基金supported by Chinese Medical Foundation (CMF, No. 313.2215)
文摘Objective： In patients with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea （CIA）, the menopausal status is ambiguous anddifficult to evaluate. This study aimed to establish a discriminative model to predict and classify the menopausalstatus of breast cancer patients with CIA.Methods： This is a single center hospital-based study from 2013 to 2016. The menopausal age distribution andaccumulated incidence rate of CIA are described. Multivariate models were adjusted for established and potentialconfounding factors including age, serum concentration of estradiol （E2） and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）,feeding, pregnancy, parity, abortions, and body mass index （BMI）. The odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidenceinterval （95% CI） of different risk factors were estimated.Results： A total of 1,796 breast cancer patients were included in this study, among whom, 1,175 （65.42%） werepremenopausal patients and 621 （34.58%） were post-menopause patients. Five hundred and fifty patients wereincluded in CIA analysis, and a cumulative CIA rate of 81.64% was found in them. Age （OR： 1.856, 95% CI：1.732-1.990）, serum concentration of E2 （OR： 0.976, 95% CI： 0.972-0.980） and FSH （OR： 1.060, 95% CI：1.053-i.066）, and menarche age （OR： 1.074, 95% CI： 1.009-1.144） were found to be associated with the patients＇menopausal status. According to multivariate analysis, the discriminative model to predict the menopausal status isLogit （P）=-28.396＋0.536Age-0.014E2＋0.031FSH. The sensitivities for this model were higher than 85%, and itsspecificities were higher than 89%.Conclusions： The discriminative model obtained from this study for predicting menstrual state is important forpremenopausal patients with CIA. This model has high specificity and sensitivity and should be prudently used.
文摘The patient was an asymptomatic 43-year-old woman. Abdominal ultrasonography and enhanced computed tomography showed a tumor lesion accompanied by multiple cystic changes in the liver and the pancreatic tail. Endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration was performed on the pancreatic tumor lesion and revealed pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor(PNET). As it was unresectable due to multiple liver metastases, the decision was made to initiate treatment with everolimus and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The patient ceased menstruating after the start of everolimus administration. When the administration was discontinued due to interstitial lung disease, menstruation resumed, but then again stopped with everolimus resumption. An association between everolimus and amenorrhea was highly suspected. Amenorrhea occurred as a rare adverse event of everolimus. As the younger women might be included in PNETs patients, we should put this adverse event into consideration.
文摘Objective To analyze the relationship between karyotypes and clinic features of patients with primary amenorrhea.Methods G banding was done for 340 patients with primary amenorrhea to facilitate individual chromosome identification,and if specific staining for certain portions of the chromosome was necessary,C banding was used.The clinical data were recorded by physical examination and ultrasound scanning.Results Karyotype analysis of the 340 patients revealed that 180(52.94%) patients had normal female karyotypes and 160(47.06%) patients had abnormal karyotypes.The abnormal karyotypes included abnormal X chromosome(150 patients),mosaic X-Y chromosome(4 patients),abnormal autosome(5 patients),and X-autosome translocation(1 patient).The main clinical manifestations in patients with primary amenorrhea were primordial or absent uterus(95.9%),invisible secondary sex features(68.8%),little or absent ovary(62.6%),and short stature(30.0%).The incidence of short stature in patients with X chromosome aberration(46%,69/150) was significangly higher that in patients with 46,XX(9.44%,17/180) as well as 46,XY(6.67%,3/45;χ2=146.25,P=0.000).All primary amenorrhea patients with deletion or break-point at Xp11.1-11.4 were short statures.Conclusions One of the main reasons of primary amenorrhea is choromosome abnormality,especially heterosome abnormality.It implies the need to routinely screen chromosomal anomalies for such patients.There might be relationship between Xp11.1-11.4 integrity and height improvement.
文摘Cases of secondary amenorrhea were treated by acupuncture, and the rate ofrestoring menstruation is relatively high. The total effective rate was 77%. But the some diseasewhich may cause amenorrhea is difficult to treat, such as hypo-ovaria praecox, pituitary micro-adenoma. The acupuncture has clear curative effect during primary course treatment. The amenorrhea withlactorrhea syndrome by the high prolactin (PRL) in the serum is also able to be treated by usingacupuncture.
文摘Background: A genital outflow tract obstruction is an uncommon cause of primary amenorrhea. If ovulation occurs, menstrual bleeding is prevented. Patients typically present with abdominal/pelvic pain due to hematocolpos. Absence of significant hematocolpos could indicate a secondary source of primary amenorrhea and be challenging to the clinical diagnosis. Case: 17 year-old patient with primary amenorrhea, appropriate Tanner staging secondary sex characteristics, and transverse vaginal septum presents with virtual absence of hematocolpos. After vaginal septum resection, the patient began menstruating, although only evidenced by two cycles of vaginal spotting. Conclusion: Significant hematocolpos is an expected sequella of distal outlet obstruction when collated with secondary sexual characteristics. Absence of such along with suboptimal return of menstruation reflects pathophysiology which may be attributed to a coexistent disorder of the hypothalamus or higher central nervous system function.
文摘Objective: To report the symptomatic and radiographic changes in an adult scoliosis patient with a history of amenorrhea and chronic constipation. Clinical Features: Patient presented for treatment with an 8-year history of amenorrhea and chronic constipation. Radiographic study showed a right thoracic/left lumbar double major scoliosis. Intervention and Outcome: Patient was fitted for a scoliosis activity suit and given instructions for continued home use, building up to 3 - 4 hours total daily. After 6 months of use, her amenorrhea and chronic constipation had resolved, and both scoliosis Cobb angles also improved. Scores on before and after SRS-22r questionnaires, as well as a quadruple numerical pain rating scale, also improved. Conclusion: A patient wearing a scoliosis activity suit for 6 months reported symptomatic changes as well as radiographic, pain, and quality of life improvements. The results of this case cannot be generalized. More investigation into the association of scoliosis and other organic symptoms is warranted.
文摘Background: We conducted this study to identify factors associated with the onset and reversibility of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea in Yalgado Ouédraogo Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou. Methods: A historical cohort study was performed and covered the period from 1 January 2014 to 31 July 2015. No menopausal patients managed for a histologically confirmed breast carcinoma and having benefited from chemotherapy were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea as well as its reversibility. Results: Seventy patients were included. The mean age was 38.5 years. Thirteen patients were obese and 19 (40.4%) had their menarche after age of 15 years. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 31 patients while 12 had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Sequential chemotherapy with an anthracycline and a taxanetherapeutic protocol was the most used. Forty-seven patients had a chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. The risk of having a chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea increases by 25% for each additional year of age at diagnosis of cancer (p = 0.0001). Obesity and menarche after age 15 were found to be protective factors. After adjusting these variables together, age, obesity, and age at menarche were factors independently associated with the occurrence of the chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. The reversibility was effective in 11 cases (37.9%) and especially concerned patients younger than 40 years (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Age is the primary risk factor. Reliable markers of ovarian function need to be developed to better select fertility conservation protocols.
文摘"Tihujiegai method"(lifting a kettle and removing its lid figuratively refers to a method of lifting the'Lung Qi'(It refers to the functional activity of the lungs and also includes breathing gases.)to promote urination.),created by Zhu Danxi(1281-1358),who ranked among the era’s best doctors,is a metaphor for using"Xuanfei method"(A method of promoting the dispersing function of the lung)or"Tiqi method"(A method for treating Qi activity depression),which has been widely used later.The author consulted a large number of relevant essays and found that the"Tihujiegai method"of amenorrhea was also effective.This study mainly discusses the treatment of amenorrhea method theoretically,and opens up ideas for clinical application.
文摘Objective: To analyse the cytogenetic examination results and investigate the effect of chromosome abnormalities on amenorrhea.Methods: The routine cytogenetic analysis was performed, including the chromosome G band analysis and karyotype analysis of the cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes from the patients with primary amenorrhea or secondary amenorrhea.Results: One hundred and thirty-seven cases were found with chromosome abnormalities in 234 patients with primary amenorrhea. The incidence of chromosome abnormality was 58.6%. In 309 with secondary amenorrhea, the incidence of chromosome abnormality was 13.6%.The reported abnormalities included the numerical and structural abnormalities of X chromosome, 46,XY, 45,X0/46,XY,and the structural abnormality of autosome.Conclusions: Chromosome abnormality is one of the main causes of amenorrhea. Karyotype analysis of chromosome is absolutely necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of patient with amenorrhea.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of low bone mass in amenorrhea patients with elevated follicular stimulating hormone (FSH). METHODS: Amenorrhea patients with elevated FSH: Primary amenorrhea 18 cases, secondary amenorrhea 171 cases and age matched controls with normal menstruation, 180 cases. The descriptive parameters were: estrogen, alkaline phosphatase, urinary excretion of calcium to creatine ratio, cortical bone mineral density at the right radius measured by single photon absorptiometry and trabecular bone mineral density at the lumbar vertebra body measured by quantitative computerized tomography. RESULTS: Average E(2) levels in amenorrhea patients is under 150 pmol/L with significantly higher alkaline phosphatase and urine calcium to creatine ratio values than the normal menstruation group. Cortical bone mineral density in the secondary amenorrhea group (655 +/- 69 mg/cm(2)) was significantly lower than that of the normal menstruation group (677 +/- 56 mg/cm(2), P
文摘Common variable immunodeficiency （CV1D） is a heterogeneous immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by defective antibody formation. Approximately 70-80% of patients are diagnosed based on a previous history of recurrent sinus and lung and gastrointestinal infections. The diagnosis is based on the exclusion of other known causes of humoral defects,
