Seasonal variation in environmental factors is vital to the regulation of seasonal reproduction in primates. Consequently, long-term systematic data is necessary to clarify the birth seasonality and pattern of primate...Seasonal variation in environmental factors is vital to the regulation of seasonal reproduction in primates. Consequently, long-term systematic data is necessary to clarify the birth seasonality and pattern of primates in highly seasonal environments. This study indicated that black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus bieti） at Mt. Lasha exhibited strict birth seasonality with a pulse model. Infants were born with a certain degree of synchronization. Birth distribution showed three birth peaks, and the birth pattern showed a ＂V＂ style in even-numbered years and a gradual increase in odd-numbered years. The beginning date, end date and median birth date were earlier in even-numbered years than those in odd-numbered years. The higher latitude of their habitats, earlier birth date, shorter birth period, fewer birth peaks and stronger birth synchrony might be adaptations for strongly seasonal variation in climate and food resources. After the summer solstice when daylight length began to gradually shorten, R. bieti at Mt. Lasha started to breed during the period with the highest environmental temperature and food availability, which implied that photoperiod may be the proximate factor triggering the onset of estrus and mating. It appears that R. bieti coincided conception and mid-lactation with the peak in staple foods, and weaning with the peak in high quality of foods. Thus, food availability was the ultimate factor regulating reproductive seasonality, and photoperiod was the proximate factor fine-turning the coordination between seasonal breeding and food availability.展开更多
基金Foundation items： This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31160422, 30960084）, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （2013M542379）, Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University （NCET-12-1079）, and Key Subject of Wildlife Conservation and Utilization in Yunnan Province We thank the directors and staff from the Administrative Bureau of Yunling National Reserve, Lanping County, Nujiang Prefecture, Yunan Province, the residents of Dashanqing village and assistants Qing-Sheng Su and Jin-Fu Zhang.
文摘Seasonal variation in environmental factors is vital to the regulation of seasonal reproduction in primates. Consequently, long-term systematic data is necessary to clarify the birth seasonality and pattern of primates in highly seasonal environments. This study indicated that black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus bieti） at Mt. Lasha exhibited strict birth seasonality with a pulse model. Infants were born with a certain degree of synchronization. Birth distribution showed three birth peaks, and the birth pattern showed a ＂V＂ style in even-numbered years and a gradual increase in odd-numbered years. The beginning date, end date and median birth date were earlier in even-numbered years than those in odd-numbered years. The higher latitude of their habitats, earlier birth date, shorter birth period, fewer birth peaks and stronger birth synchrony might be adaptations for strongly seasonal variation in climate and food resources. After the summer solstice when daylight length began to gradually shorten, R. bieti at Mt. Lasha started to breed during the period with the highest environmental temperature and food availability, which implied that photoperiod may be the proximate factor triggering the onset of estrus and mating. It appears that R. bieti coincided conception and mid-lactation with the peak in staple foods, and weaning with the peak in high quality of foods. Thus, food availability was the ultimate factor regulating reproductive seasonality, and photoperiod was the proximate factor fine-turning the coordination between seasonal breeding and food availability.
文摘目的探索父亲膳食模式与辅助生殖(assisted reproductive technology,ART)子代出生体重之间的关联性,分析影响子代体重的相关膳食因素,为ART子代健康发育提供依据。方法选取2017年1月1日—2021年12月31日在中国国家出生队列辅助生殖技术子代胚胎源性疾病队列研究(China National Birth Cohort,CNBC)项目招募的904组父亲及ART子代为研究对象,使用半定量食物频率问卷收集膳食摄入情况,主成分分析法提取膳食模式,利用限制性立方函数及多因素logistic回归分析父亲膳食模式和ART子代出生体重的关联。结果通过主成分分析法归纳出“果蔬”模式、“高嘌呤”模式、“植物性主食”模式、“优质动物蛋白”模式以及“糖脂”模式5种膳食模式。按膳食模式得分四分位数分组,调整协变量后,与父亲处于“优质动物蛋白”模式Q1(最低)组相比,处于Q4组(最高)的ART子代发生小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age,SGA)的风险更低(OR=0.257,95%CI:0.079~0.712),且随分值增加SGA风险降低(P-trend=0.007)。结论父亲采取“优质动物蛋白”的膳食模式可能降低ART子代罹患SGA的风险。父亲应在备孕期间增加优质蛋白摄入,保障胎儿的正常生长发育,降低不良出生结局的风险。
