Horticultural crops are important for global nutrition,health,and economic security but are increasingly challenged by climate change and environmental stresses.The advent of CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspace...Horticultural crops are important for global nutrition,health,and economic security but are increasingly challenged by climate change and environmental stresses.The advent of CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-Associated Protein 9)has revolutionized precision breeding by enabling targeted gene modifications that enhance yield,disease resistance,and stress tolerance.This review summarizes recent advancements in the application of CRISPR/Cas9 across fruit,vegetable,and ornamental crops,highlighting key achievements in enhancing crop quality,shelf life,and resilience.It also explores the potential of base and prime editing technologies,which offer greater precision and reduced risk of unintended mutations.Despite these advancements,the practical use of genome editing in horticulture faces persistent challenges,including inefficient delivery systems,off-target effects,and the limited regeneration capacity of many species.Furthermore,regulatory ambiguity,ethical considerations,and public skepticism continue to shape the global acceptance and commercialization of genome-edited crops.Integrating CRISPR-based tools into mainstream horticultural breeding programs offers a pathway for the development of climate-resilient,high-quality crops and for sustainable agricultural development in the face of global challenges.展开更多
【目的】水稻灌浆特性是决定产量高低和品质优劣的重要因素,揭示水稻长穗大粒种质(long spikes and large grains, LGS)籽粒灌浆特性,探讨其灌浆参数与产量性状的相关性,为高粒重水稻品种遗传育种提供理论参考。【方法】以6个水稻长穗...【目的】水稻灌浆特性是决定产量高低和品质优劣的重要因素,揭示水稻长穗大粒种质(long spikes and large grains, LGS)籽粒灌浆特性,探讨其灌浆参数与产量性状的相关性,为高粒重水稻品种遗传育种提供理论参考。【方法】以6个水稻长穗大粒种质和优质强恢复系华占为试验材料,测定灌浆期内籽粒干物质积累量及成熟期的产量性状,采用Logistic生长方程对籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合分析,研究长穗大粒种质籽粒灌浆特性及其灌浆参数与产量性状的关系。【结果】长穗大粒种质在整个籽粒发育过程中籽粒干物质积累呈现出“慢—快—慢”的动态变化增长趋势。采用Logistic生长方程对长穗大粒种质籽粒干物质积累均有较好的预测性,长穗大粒种质的起始速率、最大速率、平均速率、达到最大灌浆速率所需时间、有效灌浆期和3个时期的平均速率、积累量均显著高于华占。其中,长穗大粒种质CD-4粒重最大,达最大速率所需时间最长。长穗大粒种质的渐增期平均速率、3个时期的积累量与千粒重的相关系数均为0.97,与每穗粒数的相关系数达到-0.59以上;长穗大粒种质的千粒重、一次枝梗数显著影响其达最大速率时间、活跃灌浆期、有效灌浆期,相关系数均达到±0.49以上。【结论】采用Logistic生长方程能较好地拟合长穗大粒种质籽粒干物质积累过程,水稻长穗大粒种质灌浆速率优于华占,通过提高灌浆速率和延长灌浆期时间来增加生育期内籽粒干物质积累量,从而孕育出高粒重种质。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Special Fund for Biological Breeding(Grant No.32302534)Jiangsu specially-appointed professor fund(Grant No.337060046)the Yangzhou University Startup Fund(Grant No.137012599).
文摘Horticultural crops are important for global nutrition,health,and economic security but are increasingly challenged by climate change and environmental stresses.The advent of CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-Associated Protein 9)has revolutionized precision breeding by enabling targeted gene modifications that enhance yield,disease resistance,and stress tolerance.This review summarizes recent advancements in the application of CRISPR/Cas9 across fruit,vegetable,and ornamental crops,highlighting key achievements in enhancing crop quality,shelf life,and resilience.It also explores the potential of base and prime editing technologies,which offer greater precision and reduced risk of unintended mutations.Despite these advancements,the practical use of genome editing in horticulture faces persistent challenges,including inefficient delivery systems,off-target effects,and the limited regeneration capacity of many species.Furthermore,regulatory ambiguity,ethical considerations,and public skepticism continue to shape the global acceptance and commercialization of genome-edited crops.Integrating CRISPR-based tools into mainstream horticultural breeding programs offers a pathway for the development of climate-resilient,high-quality crops and for sustainable agricultural development in the face of global challenges.
文摘【目的】水稻灌浆特性是决定产量高低和品质优劣的重要因素,揭示水稻长穗大粒种质(long spikes and large grains, LGS)籽粒灌浆特性,探讨其灌浆参数与产量性状的相关性,为高粒重水稻品种遗传育种提供理论参考。【方法】以6个水稻长穗大粒种质和优质强恢复系华占为试验材料,测定灌浆期内籽粒干物质积累量及成熟期的产量性状,采用Logistic生长方程对籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合分析,研究长穗大粒种质籽粒灌浆特性及其灌浆参数与产量性状的关系。【结果】长穗大粒种质在整个籽粒发育过程中籽粒干物质积累呈现出“慢—快—慢”的动态变化增长趋势。采用Logistic生长方程对长穗大粒种质籽粒干物质积累均有较好的预测性,长穗大粒种质的起始速率、最大速率、平均速率、达到最大灌浆速率所需时间、有效灌浆期和3个时期的平均速率、积累量均显著高于华占。其中,长穗大粒种质CD-4粒重最大,达最大速率所需时间最长。长穗大粒种质的渐增期平均速率、3个时期的积累量与千粒重的相关系数均为0.97,与每穗粒数的相关系数达到-0.59以上;长穗大粒种质的千粒重、一次枝梗数显著影响其达最大速率时间、活跃灌浆期、有效灌浆期,相关系数均达到±0.49以上。【结论】采用Logistic生长方程能较好地拟合长穗大粒种质籽粒干物质积累过程,水稻长穗大粒种质灌浆速率优于华占,通过提高灌浆速率和延长灌浆期时间来增加生育期内籽粒干物质积累量,从而孕育出高粒重种质。
