Mammalian fertilization involves the migration of spermatozoa through the female reproductive system.Early embryonic development is a consequence of several steps and signaling pathways being activated,as well as bioc...Mammalian fertilization involves the migration of spermatozoa through the female reproductive system.Early embryonic development is a consequence of several steps and signaling pathways being activated,as well as biochemical and morphological modifications of spermatozoa that enable them to penetrate the membrane of mature oocytes.There are some crucial steps known to clearly explain the process of fertilization,starting with hyperactivation of spermatozoa,mutual recognition,and binding of gametes mediated by receptors located on the surface membranes of both gametes.The final step is followed by oocyte activation,which is primarily triggered via sperm-derived factors,inducing a sharp increase in intracellular calcium levels,eventually leading to polyspermy block.This review integrates current knowledge of the molecular and physiological events governing fertilization,emphasizing how ion regulation and signaling pathways converge to enable sperm function and oocyte activation.Special attention is given to sperm-derived factors such as phospholipase C zeta(PLCζ)and post-acrosomal sheath WW domain-binding protein(PAWP),which play essential roles in triggering calcium release and supporting early embryonic development.展开更多
During two consecutive mating seasons from August 2001 to December 2002,we observed the sexual behavior of Sichuan golden monkeys in the Chengdu Zoo and the Shanghai Wild Animal Park. We collected urine samples from f...During two consecutive mating seasons from August 2001 to December 2002,we observed the sexual behavior of Sichuan golden monkeys in the Chengdu Zoo and the Shanghai Wild Animal Park. We collected urine samples from females in the early morning. We also measured urinary estradiol and progesterone levels using radioimmunoassay. Based on the estradiol concentration during the menstrual cycle, we discovered that the length of the menstrual cycle was 286 33±1 67 days. The length of pregnancy was about 200 days. The level of estradiol after impregnation was significantly different with the level during the same period in the non receptive part of the cycle. Thus we could diagnose early pregnancy in female Sichuan golden monkeys by checking their urinary estradiol level .展开更多
The Sichuan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellanae), a species on the First Category State Key Protection List, is an endangered species endemic to China. This paper examines seasonal changes in urinary testostero...The Sichuan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellanae), a species on the First Category State Key Protection List, is an endangered species endemic to China. This paper examines seasonal changes in urinary testosterone (T) levels in this species. Urine samples were collected by injectors from the cement floor of the monkey’s enclosures in the early morning, then stored in a freezer at -24 ℃. Urinary testosterone (T), was detected with radioimmunoassay (RIA) after being extracted by dichloromethane.The results show that the levels of urinary T varied widely over time and displayed seasonal variation that corresponded exactly with the monkey’s sexual behavior. The mean value of T was 0.576-2.359 ng/mgCr in the nonreproductive season and 36.483-47.889 ng/mgCr in the reproductive season. The latter was 14.84-83.14 times as high as that in the nonreproductive season. Peak T values in the nonreproductive and in reproductive season were 0.82-10.60 ng/mgCr and 237.841-326.231 ng/mgCr respectively. Peak values in the reproductive season were 30.78-290.05 times that of the nonreproductive season. This seasonal change in T levels may be the main factor determining seasonal differences in sexual motivation, copulation and conception rate in these monkeys. In addition, co-habitation with females in the breeding season produces a sharp increase in T level in male monkeys; there is a causal relationship between sexual activity and T secretion .展开更多
文摘Mammalian fertilization involves the migration of spermatozoa through the female reproductive system.Early embryonic development is a consequence of several steps and signaling pathways being activated,as well as biochemical and morphological modifications of spermatozoa that enable them to penetrate the membrane of mature oocytes.There are some crucial steps known to clearly explain the process of fertilization,starting with hyperactivation of spermatozoa,mutual recognition,and binding of gametes mediated by receptors located on the surface membranes of both gametes.The final step is followed by oocyte activation,which is primarily triggered via sperm-derived factors,inducing a sharp increase in intracellular calcium levels,eventually leading to polyspermy block.This review integrates current knowledge of the molecular and physiological events governing fertilization,emphasizing how ion regulation and signaling pathways converge to enable sperm function and oocyte activation.Special attention is given to sperm-derived factors such as phospholipase C zeta(PLCζ)and post-acrosomal sheath WW domain-binding protein(PAWP),which play essential roles in triggering calcium release and supporting early embryonic development.
基金中国科学院知识创新工程 (No .KSCX2 1 0 3No .KSCX2 SW 118)项目资助~~
文摘During two consecutive mating seasons from August 2001 to December 2002,we observed the sexual behavior of Sichuan golden monkeys in the Chengdu Zoo and the Shanghai Wild Animal Park. We collected urine samples from females in the early morning. We also measured urinary estradiol and progesterone levels using radioimmunoassay. Based on the estradiol concentration during the menstrual cycle, we discovered that the length of the menstrual cycle was 286 33±1 67 days. The length of pregnancy was about 200 days. The level of estradiol after impregnation was significantly different with the level during the same period in the non receptive part of the cycle. Thus we could diagnose early pregnancy in female Sichuan golden monkeys by checking their urinary estradiol level .
基金国家自然科学基金 (No .39970 116 )陕西省教育厅重点科研基金资助 (No .0 0JK0 0 9)~~
文摘The Sichuan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellanae), a species on the First Category State Key Protection List, is an endangered species endemic to China. This paper examines seasonal changes in urinary testosterone (T) levels in this species. Urine samples were collected by injectors from the cement floor of the monkey’s enclosures in the early morning, then stored in a freezer at -24 ℃. Urinary testosterone (T), was detected with radioimmunoassay (RIA) after being extracted by dichloromethane.The results show that the levels of urinary T varied widely over time and displayed seasonal variation that corresponded exactly with the monkey’s sexual behavior. The mean value of T was 0.576-2.359 ng/mgCr in the nonreproductive season and 36.483-47.889 ng/mgCr in the reproductive season. The latter was 14.84-83.14 times as high as that in the nonreproductive season. Peak T values in the nonreproductive and in reproductive season were 0.82-10.60 ng/mgCr and 237.841-326.231 ng/mgCr respectively. Peak values in the reproductive season were 30.78-290.05 times that of the nonreproductive season. This seasonal change in T levels may be the main factor determining seasonal differences in sexual motivation, copulation and conception rate in these monkeys. In addition, co-habitation with females in the breeding season produces a sharp increase in T level in male monkeys; there is a causal relationship between sexual activity and T secretion .
