摘要
随着全球肥胖人数的不断上升,肥胖对生殖生理的影响引起社会广泛关注。肥胖是一种代谢性疾病,通常伴随着脂肪聚积过多及炎症反应加剧等多种异常生理现象,严重影响人类与动物的生殖健康。由肥胖引起的生殖损伤涉及一系列复杂的生化反应和体内代谢通路,表现为对雄性精子质量和雌性受孕能力的损害。为了更好的理解肥胖与生殖生理之间的关系,本文就肥胖引起机体生殖损伤及其作用机制进行了归纳总结。肥胖状态下,诱发氧化应激、胰岛素抵抗及高胰岛素血症等病症,脂肪因子(瘦素、脂联素、抵抗素等)和炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β等)多种因素相互影响共同作用于生殖系统。氧化应激可激活MAPK与NF-κB通路,干扰胰岛素信号传导。慢性炎症导致脂肪细胞分泌紊乱,扰乱下丘脑-垂体-性腺调控轴。研究发现,雄性肥胖个体睾酮水平显著降低,精子质量受损;雌性肥胖个体生殖系统激素失衡,产生排卵障碍,出现多囊卵巢综合征患者。本综述讨论了肥胖引起机体代谢紊乱进而导致雄性和雌性的生殖生理功能受损及其发生机制,为未来肥胖相关的生殖生理障碍疾病的预防与治疗提供理论依据。
With the continuous increase in global obesity prevalence,the impact of obesity on reproductive physiology has garnered widespread societal attention.As a metabolic disorder,obesity is typically accompanied by multiple abnormal physiological phenomena,such as excessive adipose accumulation and exacerbated inflammatory responses,which severely compromise the reproductive health of humans and animals.Reproductive damage induced by obesity involves a series of complex biochemical reactions and in vivo metabolic pathways,manifesting as impaired male sperm quality and female fertility.To better understand the relationship between obesity and reproductive physiology,this review summarizes the reproductive injuries caused by obesity and their underlying mechanisms.In the obese state,conditions such as oxidative stress,insulin resistance,and hyperinsulinemia are induced,with adipokines(leptin,adiponectin,resistin,etc.)and inflammatory factors(TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,etc.)interacting synergistically to affect the reproductive system.Oxidative stress activates the MAPK and NF-κB pathways,interfering with insulin signaling,while chronic inflammation leads to adipocyte secretory disorders and disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal regulatory axis.Studies have shown that obese males exhibit significantly decreased testosterone levels and impaired sperm quality,whereas obese females suffer from reproductive hormone imbalance,ovulation disorders,and polycystic ovary syndrome.This review discusses how obesity-induced metabolic disorders lead to impaired reproductive physiology in both males and females,along with the underlying mechanisms,providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related reproductive disorders in the future.
作者
梅翠云
姚平波
蔡瑞
MEI Cui-Yun;YAO Ping-Bo;CAI Rui(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction in Shaanxi Province,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Workstation of Zhenba County Hanzhong,723600,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期1257-1267,共11页
Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2021YFF1000602)
陕西省博士后科研项目(No.2023BSHEDZZ139)
国家生猪产业技术体系(No.CARS-35-PIG)资助。
关键词
肥胖
生殖损伤
氧化应激
胰岛素抵抗
脂肪因子
obesity
reproductive impairment
oxidative stress
insulin resistance
adipokine
