UV-B application enhances the aroma quality of oolong tea;however,the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear.This study investigates the regulatory role of UV-B in the biosynthesis of a-farnesene,an important...UV-B application enhances the aroma quality of oolong tea;however,the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear.This study investigates the regulatory role of UV-B in the biosynthesis of a-farnesene,an important floral and fruity characteristic aroma.UV-B treatment significantly improved the aroma quality of‘Foshou’and‘Yuquan’oolong teas,increasing a-farnesene levels by 1.8-and 1.4-fold,respectively.The a-farnesene synthase(CsAFS),ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5(CsHY5),and myelocytomatosis protein 2(CsMYC2)exhibited a highly correlated expression pattern closely associated with a-farnesene accumulation.Single-factor treatment revealed that CsAFS expression was induced by both UV-B and mechanical wounding,with CsHY5 predominantly responding to UV-B radiation,while CsMYC2 primarily responded to tumbling-induced mechanical wounding signal.Transient suppression of CsHY5 in tea leaves reduced the expression of both CsAFS and CsMYC2 whereas CsMYC2 suppression decreased CsAFS expression.G-box motifs were identified in promoters of CsMYC2 and CsAFS,and the dual-luciferase reporter assay(LUC)and electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSA)demonstrated direct binding functions of CsHY5 to CsAFS and CsMYC2 promoters,as well as CsMYC2 to the CsAFS promoter.Based on sensory evaluation,odourant quantification,gene expression,and molecular functional analysis,we propose that UV-B radiation and tumbling-induced wounding signals synergistically regulate a-farnesene biosynthesis through a coordinated interaction of CsHY5 and CsMYC2 during oolong tea processing.These findings improve our understanding of flavour formation during oolong tea production and also provide novel insights into artificial light application in tea manufacturing.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the mediating effect of social support between depression and resilience in elderly patients with first-episode stroke.[Methods]The general information questionnaire,PHQ-9 depression screening s...[Objectives]To explore the mediating effect of social support between depression and resilience in elderly patients with first-episode stroke.[Methods]The general information questionnaire,PHQ-9 depression screening scale,Social Support Rating scale and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to construct and test the mediation model.[Results]The total score of depressive symptoms was(8.64±3.28)points,the detection rate of depressive symptoms was 51.65%,the score of social support was(37.28±5.98)points,and the score of psychological resilience was(22.05±5.25)points.The resilience of patients was positively correlated with social support(r=0.470,P<0.01),and negatively correlated with depressive symptoms(r=-0.470,P<0.01).Social support was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms(r=-0.523,P<0.01).Social support played a partial mediating role between depression and resilience in elderly patients with first-episode stroke,and the mediating effect accounted for 16.1%of the total effect.[Conclusions]Social support can mediate the effect of depression on resilience in elderly patients with first-episode stroke.Medical staff can improve patients'psychological resilience by psychological counseling of depression and improving their social support,so as to promote their subjective well-being and maintain a healthy and positive mental state.展开更多
Heart failure(HF)during pregnancy presents unique challenges due to the complex interplay between physiological changes and underlying cardiac conditions.Pregnancy-induced increases in blood volume,cardiac output,and ...Heart failure(HF)during pregnancy presents unique challenges due to the complex interplay between physiological changes and underlying cardiac conditions.Pregnancy-induced increases in blood volume,cardiac output,and heart rate can exacerbate pre-existing heart diseases or trigger new-onset HF,such as peripartum cardiomyopathy and preeclampsia-related HF.With pregnancy-related physiological changes altering pharmacokinetics,dosage adjustment becomes crucial,making its application limited to carefully selected cases where benefits outweigh the risks.Medication management for these patients requires a meticulous approach.Beta-blockers like metoprolol and bisoprolol are preferred despite limited evidence,and carvedilol may be cautiously used per clinical experience;atenolol is contraindicated for low-birth-weight risk.Diuretics(furosemide,bumetanide)are safe for congestion relief but warrant judicious dosing.Digoxin is generally safe but requires dose adjustment and regular monitoring due to pregnancy-induced pharmacokinetic alterations.Among positive inotropes,dobutamine exhibits favorable safety in pregnancy,whereas milrinone should be used cautiously for hypotension risk.Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors,mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are all contraindicated owing to risks of fetal malformations,male fetal feminization,and insufficient safety evidence,respectively.展开更多
The Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)mission will send a spacecraft into the solar atmosphere at a low altitude of just 5 R☉from the solar center.It aims to elucidate the mechanisms behind sol...The Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)mission will send a spacecraft into the solar atmosphere at a low altitude of just 5 R☉from the solar center.It aims to elucidate the mechanisms behind solar eruptions and coronal heating,and to directly measure the coronal magnetic field.The mission will perform in situ measurements of the current sheet between coronal mass ejections and their associated solar flares,and energetic particles produced by either reconnection or fast-mode shocks driven by coronal mass ejections.This will help to resolve the nature of reconnections in current sheets,and energetic particle acceleration regions.To investigate coronal heating,the mission will observe nano-flares on scales smaller than 70 km in the solar corona and regions smaller than 40 km in the photosphere,where magnetohydrodynamic waves originate.To study solar wind acceleration mechanisms,the mission will also track the process of ion charge-state freezing in the solar wind.A key achievement will be the observation of the coronal magnetic field at unprecedented proximity to the solar photosphere.The polar regions will also be observed at close range,and the inner edge of the solar system dust disk may be identified for the first time.This work presents the detailed background,science,and mission concept of SCOPE and discusses how we aim to address the questions mentioned above.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072623)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFD1601103).
文摘UV-B application enhances the aroma quality of oolong tea;however,the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear.This study investigates the regulatory role of UV-B in the biosynthesis of a-farnesene,an important floral and fruity characteristic aroma.UV-B treatment significantly improved the aroma quality of‘Foshou’and‘Yuquan’oolong teas,increasing a-farnesene levels by 1.8-and 1.4-fold,respectively.The a-farnesene synthase(CsAFS),ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5(CsHY5),and myelocytomatosis protein 2(CsMYC2)exhibited a highly correlated expression pattern closely associated with a-farnesene accumulation.Single-factor treatment revealed that CsAFS expression was induced by both UV-B and mechanical wounding,with CsHY5 predominantly responding to UV-B radiation,while CsMYC2 primarily responded to tumbling-induced mechanical wounding signal.Transient suppression of CsHY5 in tea leaves reduced the expression of both CsAFS and CsMYC2 whereas CsMYC2 suppression decreased CsAFS expression.G-box motifs were identified in promoters of CsMYC2 and CsAFS,and the dual-luciferase reporter assay(LUC)and electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSA)demonstrated direct binding functions of CsHY5 to CsAFS and CsMYC2 promoters,as well as CsMYC2 to the CsAFS promoter.Based on sensory evaluation,odourant quantification,gene expression,and molecular functional analysis,we propose that UV-B radiation and tumbling-induced wounding signals synergistically regulate a-farnesene biosynthesis through a coordinated interaction of CsHY5 and CsMYC2 during oolong tea processing.These findings improve our understanding of flavour formation during oolong tea production and also provide novel insights into artificial light application in tea manufacturing.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71774049).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the mediating effect of social support between depression and resilience in elderly patients with first-episode stroke.[Methods]The general information questionnaire,PHQ-9 depression screening scale,Social Support Rating scale and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to construct and test the mediation model.[Results]The total score of depressive symptoms was(8.64±3.28)points,the detection rate of depressive symptoms was 51.65%,the score of social support was(37.28±5.98)points,and the score of psychological resilience was(22.05±5.25)points.The resilience of patients was positively correlated with social support(r=0.470,P<0.01),and negatively correlated with depressive symptoms(r=-0.470,P<0.01).Social support was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms(r=-0.523,P<0.01).Social support played a partial mediating role between depression and resilience in elderly patients with first-episode stroke,and the mediating effect accounted for 16.1%of the total effect.[Conclusions]Social support can mediate the effect of depression on resilience in elderly patients with first-episode stroke.Medical staff can improve patients'psychological resilience by psychological counseling of depression and improving their social support,so as to promote their subjective well-being and maintain a healthy and positive mental state.
基金Supported by National Key R and D Program of China,No.2022YFC3500704National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82305376+1 种基金Project of Supporting Young Scientific and Technological Talents in Jiangsu Province in 2024,No.JSTJ-2024-380College Students'Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program,No.202310315029Z.
文摘Heart failure(HF)during pregnancy presents unique challenges due to the complex interplay between physiological changes and underlying cardiac conditions.Pregnancy-induced increases in blood volume,cardiac output,and heart rate can exacerbate pre-existing heart diseases or trigger new-onset HF,such as peripartum cardiomyopathy and preeclampsia-related HF.With pregnancy-related physiological changes altering pharmacokinetics,dosage adjustment becomes crucial,making its application limited to carefully selected cases where benefits outweigh the risks.Medication management for these patients requires a meticulous approach.Beta-blockers like metoprolol and bisoprolol are preferred despite limited evidence,and carvedilol may be cautiously used per clinical experience;atenolol is contraindicated for low-birth-weight risk.Diuretics(furosemide,bumetanide)are safe for congestion relief but warrant judicious dosing.Digoxin is generally safe but requires dose adjustment and regular monitoring due to pregnancy-induced pharmacokinetic alterations.Among positive inotropes,dobutamine exhibits favorable safety in pregnancy,whereas milrinone should be used cautiously for hypotension risk.Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors,mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are all contraindicated owing to risks of fetal malformations,male fetal feminization,and insufficient safety evidence,respectively.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFF0503800)National Natural Science Foundation of China grants (12073073, 11933009, 12273107 and U2031141)+6 种基金grants associated with the Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Programthe Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Light of West China Program)the Yunling Scholar Project of Yunnan Provincethe Yunnan Province Scientist Workshop of Solar Physicsthe Applied Basic Research of Yunnan Province grants (202101AT070018 and 2019FB005)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants (12273107 and U2031141)the Yunnan Key Laboratory of Solar Physics and Space Science (202205AG070009)
文摘The Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)mission will send a spacecraft into the solar atmosphere at a low altitude of just 5 R☉from the solar center.It aims to elucidate the mechanisms behind solar eruptions and coronal heating,and to directly measure the coronal magnetic field.The mission will perform in situ measurements of the current sheet between coronal mass ejections and their associated solar flares,and energetic particles produced by either reconnection or fast-mode shocks driven by coronal mass ejections.This will help to resolve the nature of reconnections in current sheets,and energetic particle acceleration regions.To investigate coronal heating,the mission will observe nano-flares on scales smaller than 70 km in the solar corona and regions smaller than 40 km in the photosphere,where magnetohydrodynamic waves originate.To study solar wind acceleration mechanisms,the mission will also track the process of ion charge-state freezing in the solar wind.A key achievement will be the observation of the coronal magnetic field at unprecedented proximity to the solar photosphere.The polar regions will also be observed at close range,and the inner edge of the solar system dust disk may be identified for the first time.This work presents the detailed background,science,and mission concept of SCOPE and discusses how we aim to address the questions mentioned above.
