In this paper,we introduce an innovative method for computer-aided design(CAD)segmentation by concatenating meshes and CAD models.Many previous CAD segmentation methods have achieved impressive performance using singl...In this paper,we introduce an innovative method for computer-aided design(CAD)segmentation by concatenating meshes and CAD models.Many previous CAD segmentation methods have achieved impressive performance using single representations,such as meshes,CAD,and point clouds.However,existing methods cannot effectively combine different three-dimensional model types for the direct conversion,alignment,and integrity maintenance of geometric and topological information.Hence,we propose an integration approach that combines the geometric accuracy of CAD data with the flexibility of mesh representations,as well as introduce a unique hybrid representation that combines CAD and mesh models to enhance segmentation accuracy.To combine these two model types,our hybrid system utilizes advanced-neural-network techniques to convert CAD models into mesh models.For complex CAD models,model segmentation is crucial for model retrieval and reuse.In partial retrieval,it aims to segment a complex CAD model into several simple components.The first component of our hybrid system involves advanced mesh-labeling algorithms that harness the digitization of CAD properties to mesh models.The second component integrates labelled face features for CAD segmentation by leveraging the abundant multisemantic information embedded in CAD models.This combination of mesh and CAD not only refines the accuracy of boundary delineation but also provides a comprehensive understanding of the underlying object semantics.This study uses the Fusion 360 Gallery dataset.Experimental results indicate that our hybrid method can segment these models with higher accuracy than other methods that use single representations.展开更多
We studied the separation and recovery of copper(Ⅱ), nickel(Ⅱ), cobalt(Ⅱ), zinc(Ⅱ), and cadmium(Ⅱ) from magnesium and calcium, using synergistic solvent extraction(SSX) in a typical hydrometallurgical waste solut...We studied the separation and recovery of copper(Ⅱ), nickel(Ⅱ), cobalt(Ⅱ), zinc(Ⅱ), and cadmium(Ⅱ) from magnesium and calcium, using synergistic solvent extraction(SSX) in a typical hydrometallurgical waste solution. A mixture of Versatic 10 acid and Mextral 984 H, diluted with Mextral DT100, was used to obtain fundamental data on p H and distribution isotherms, as well as the kinetics of extraction and stripping. We also investigated the main effects and interactions of common solvent extraction factors: the extraction p H at equilibrium, the temperature, and the extractant concentration. The synergistic effect for extracting metals was confirmed. The results showed that the addition of Mextral 984 H enhanced the separation factors of copper, nickel, cobalt,zinc, and cadmium over magnesium and calcium. Compared with Versatic 10 acid alone, for a mixture of0.5 mol·L^(-1) Versatic 10 acid/0.5 mol·L^(-1)Mextral 984 H, Δp H50 values of copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and cadmium were found to be N 2.0, 3.30, 2.85, 0.95, and 1.32 p H units, respectively. The Δp H_(50)(Zn–Mg)and Δp H_(50)(Zn–Ca)values were 3.27 and 2.25, respectively, indicating easy separation and recovery of copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt,and cadmium. The extraction and stripping of copper, cobalt, zinc, and cadmium were fast, with 90% of the metal transferred in 2 min. We next studied whether the metals could be stripped from the extracted liquid selectively in sequence, by using sulfuric acid at different concentrations. The influence of the molecular structure of the oxime and carboxylic acid components upon the synergistic effects was identified by numerical analysis.Excellent separation of copper, nickel, cobalt, and zinc over magnesium and calcium was achieved with this synergistic solvent extraction system.展开更多
The storage of hydrogen in a compact,safe and cost-effective manner can be one of the key enabling technologies to power a more sustainable society.Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))has attracted strong research interest as a...The storage of hydrogen in a compact,safe and cost-effective manner can be one of the key enabling technologies to power a more sustainable society.Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))has attracted strong research interest as a hydrogen carrier because of its high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen densities.However,the practical use of MgH_(2)for hydrogen storage has been limited due to high operation temperatures and sluggish kinetics.Catalysis is of crucial importance for the enhancement of hydrogen cycling kinetics of Mg/MgH_(2)and considerable work has been focused on designing,fabricating and optimizing catalysts.This review covers the recent advances in catalyzed Mg-based hydrogen storage materials.The fundamental properties and the syntheses of MgH_(2)as a hydrogen carrier are first briefly reviewed.After that,the general catalysis mechanisms and the catalysts developed for hydrogen storage in MgH_(2)are summarized in detail.Finally,the challenges and future research focus are discussed.Literature studies indicate that transition metals,rare-earth metals and their compounds are quite effective in catalyzing hydrogen storage in Mg/MgH_(2).Most metal-containing compounds were converted in situ to elemental metal or their magnesium alloys,and their particle sizes and dispersion affect their catalytic activity.The in-situ construction of catalyzed ultrasmall Mg/MgH_(2)nanostructures(<10 nm in size)is believed to be the future research focus.These important insights will help with the design and development of high-performance catalysts for hydrogen storage in Mg/MgH_(2).展开更多
Clubroot disease,a major plant root disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae,has become one of the most destructive diseases among cultivated cruciferous vegetables.However,clubroot-resistant Brassica oleracea mater...Clubroot disease,a major plant root disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae,has become one of the most destructive diseases among cultivated cruciferous vegetables.However,clubroot-resistant Brassica oleracea materials are rare.A few clubroot-resistant cabbage varieties are available on the market,but all are Ogura cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)types.Therefore,in this study,to reutilize the clubroot-resistant Ogura CMS germplasm of cabbage,a new fertility-restored Ogura CMS material,16Q2-11,was used as a bridge to transfer the clubroot resistance(CR)gene from the Ogura CMS cytoplasm to the normal cytoplasm by a two-step method(a fertility restoration and cytoplasm replacement method).In the first cross for fertility restoration of Ogura CMS clubroot-resistant cabbage(FRCRC),16Q2-11 was used as a restorer to cross with Ogura CMS materials containing the CR gene CRb2.Eleven Rfo-positive progenies were generated,of which four contained CRb2:F8-514,F8-620,F8-732 and F8-839.After inoculation with race 4 of P.brassicae,these four CRb2-positive individuals showed resistance.Furthermore,F8-514 and F8-839 were then used as male parents in the second cross of FRCRC to cross with cabbage inbred lines,resulting in the successful introgression of the CRb2 gene into the inbred lines.All offspring produced from this step of cross,which had a normal cytoplasm,showed a high resistance to race 4 of P.brassicae and could be utilized for the breeding of clubrootresistant cabbage varieties in the future.This is the first time that the Ogura CMS restorer has been used to restore the fertility of Ogura CMS clubroot-resistant cabbages,which could improve germplasm diversity in cabbage and provide a reference method for using CMS germplasm in Brassica crops.展开更多
To better understand the genetic diversity and population structure of broccoli cultivars planted in China,a total of 161 representative broccoli cultivars in the past 25 years were collected and analysed based on sin...To better understand the genetic diversity and population structure of broccoli cultivars planted in China,a total of 161 representative broccoli cultivars in the past 25 years were collected and analysed based on single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers.Ten pairs of primers with good polymorphism and high resolution were screened from 315 pairs of SNP primers by 3 broccoli accessions(inbred lines)with different phenotypes and maturity.The 10 pairs of SNP primers were selected,producing 78 alleles.The diversity analysis indicated that the polymorphism information content(PIC)of SNP primer ranged from 0.64 to 0.90.The observed number of alleles(Na)was 2.00,the effective number of alleles(Ne)was 1.11–2.00,the Nei’s gene diversity(H)was 0.10–0.50,and Shannon information index(I)was 0.20–0.70 using PopGene32 software.The clustering results showed that the 161 broccoli cultivars could be divided into 4 major subgroups(A,B,C and D),foreign cultivars were all assigned to subgroup A,and domestic cultivars were assigned to 3 subgroups of B,C,and D.This study indicated that some domestic cultivars and foreign cultivars were similar in genetic background,but most domestic cultivars were still different from the Japanese cultivars.When K=2,the population structure result presented that 161 broccoli cultivars could be divided into 1 simple group(2 groups)and 1 mixed group.When Q≥0.6,143(88.82%)broccoli cultivars belonged to the simple groups.In simple groups 68(42.24%)broccoli cultivars of group 1 were derived from Japan,the United States,Switzerland,the Netherlands,China-Taiwan,and China-Mainland;75(46.58%)broccoli cultivars belonged to group 2;when Q<0.6,18(11.18%)broccoli cultivars belonged to the mixed groups.This study is helpful to understand the diversity and resolution of broccoli cultivars from worldwide,which is beneficial to plant breeding and materials innovation.And meanwhile,this result is also used for construction of broccoli fingerprint serving for cultivar identification.展开更多
Cytokinins are a class of phytohormones that promote cell division and differentiation and are thought to affect plant immunity to multiple pathogens.However,a comprehensive analysis of cytokinin dehydrogenase/oxidase...Cytokinins are a class of phytohormones that promote cell division and differentiation and are thought to affect plant immunity to multiple pathogens.However,a comprehensive analysis of cytokinin dehydrogenase/oxidase(CKX)family genes in cabbage has not been reported.In this study,a total of 36 CKX genes were identified using a genome-wide search method.Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into three groups.They were distributed unevenly across nine chromosomes in B.oleracea,and 15 of them did not contain any introns.The results of colinearity analysis showed that 36 CKX gene in Arabidopsis was present in several copies in the Brassica oleracea genome.An analysis of cisacting elements indicated that all genes possessed at least one stress or hormone responsive cis-acting element.A heatmap of CKX gene expression showed the patterns of expression of these genes in various tissues and organs.Three genes(Bol028363,Bol031036 and Bol018140)were relatively highly expressed in all of the investigated tissues under normal conditions,showing the expression profile of housekeeping genes.Generally,the expression patterns of CKX genes in Jingfeng 1 and Xiangan 336 were quite different under the same treatment.Notably,three genes(Bol020547,Bol028392 and Bol045724)were significantly down-regulated and up-regulated in the susceptible and resistant material,respectively,after inoculation,which may indicate their crucial roles in resistance to clubroot disease.The results provide insights for better understanding the roles of CKX genes in the B.oleracea–P.brassicae interaction.展开更多
Brassica species include many economically important crops that provide nutrition and health-promoting substances to humans worldwide.However,as with all crops,their production is constantly threatened by emerging vir...Brassica species include many economically important crops that provide nutrition and health-promoting substances to humans worldwide.However,as with all crops,their production is constantly threatened by emerging viral,bacterial,and fungal diseases,whose incidence has increased in recent years.Traditional methods of control are often costly,present limited effectiveness,and cause environmental damage;instead,the ideal approach is to mine and utilize the resistance genes of the Brassica crop hosts themselves.Fortunately,the development of genomics,molecular genetics,and biological techniques enables us to rapidly discover and apply resistance(R)genes.Herein,the R genes identified in Brassica crops are summarized,including their mapping and cloning,possible molecular mechanisms,and application in resistance breeding.Future perspectives concerning how to accurately discover additional R gene resources and efficiently utilize these genes in the genomic era are also discussed.展开更多
Cabbage has significant heterosis and most commercial cultivars are hybrids.To explore genetic basis of cabbage heterosis and promote cabbage heterosis utilization,we constructed two populations by crossing 100 DH lin...Cabbage has significant heterosis and most commercial cultivars are hybrids.To explore genetic basis of cabbage heterosis and promote cabbage heterosis utilization,we constructed two populations by crossing 100 DH lines derived from a cabbage hybrid 01–20×96–100 with two female parents.Hybrids exhibited different extents of heterosis,the mean value of economic yield was 2.6 times bigger than parents.We identified 66 and 73 QTLs associated with mid-parent heterosis and transgressive heterosis of twelve yield-related traits,respectively.Some QTLs could be detected under the two-year experiment existed in two populations with different testers,showing relatively high phenotypic contribution rate(15.8%–20.0%).Heterosis QTLs exhibited clustered distribution in several cabbage chromosome regions.Two dominant genetic regions,mk300–316 and mk258–268,originated from the elite parent 01–20,exhibited significant genetic effects for yield-related heterosis,which were first identified.Three elite DH lines(D22,D46,D83)harboring these two dominant regions were selected as having strong heterosis in cabbage production.Candidate gene analysis revealed that some genes participating in biosynthetic processes of carbohydrates and some responses to auxin might affect cabbage yield heterosis.QTL identification and genetic dissection of yield-related traits provide new insights into the genetic effects of cabbage heterosis.展开更多
In this retrospective cohort study,we aimed to identify the influence of the CYP2C9*3 and CYP4F2 rs2108622 gene alleles on over-anticoagulation and bleeding complications associated with warfarin therapy.A total of 19...In this retrospective cohort study,we aimed to identify the influence of the CYP2C9*3 and CYP4F2 rs2108622 gene alleles on over-anticoagulation and bleeding complications associated with warfarin therapy.A total of 196 patients were included,including 80 males,the mean age was 50.8±10.7 years,and the average follow-up was 26.9±11.8 months.These patients underwent heart valve replacement surgery in the Cardiovascular Surgery of Fujian Provincial Hospital between January 2018 and August 2019,who took warfarin for at least 3 months and had target international normalized ratio(INR)between 1.8 and 2.5.Genotypes of CYP2C9*3 and CYP4F2 rs2108622 genes were tested by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-gene sequencing technique.SPSS19.0 software was utilized to analyze the association between genotypes and warfarin-related over-anticoagulation and bleeding complications.Of the 434 patient-years,18 severe bleedings and 59 mild ones occurred in 31 patients.Patients with CYP2C9*1/*3 were associated with a higher over-anticoagulation risk compared with the*1/*1 carriers(hazard rate(HR)7.10;95%confidence interval(CI):2.54–19.79,P<0.001).The CYP4F2 rs2108622 mutant genotype did not cause significant increase in bleeding risk(HR 0.89;95%CI:0.43–1.82,P=0.74)or over-anticoagulation(HR 0.43;95%CI:0.16–1.13,P=0.09).Meanwhile,Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the time to over-anticoagulation in CYP2C9*1/*3 carriers was significantly shorter compared with the*1/*1 carriers(log-rank test,P<0.001),while that in CYP4F2 rs2108622 mutant genotype patients was longer compared with the wild-type patients(P=0.05).CYP2C9*3 and CYP4F2 rs2108622 might be major predictive factors of over-anticoagulation for warfarin therapy in Chinese patients.展开更多
Brassica oleracea comprises several important vegetable and ornamental crops,including curly kale,ornamental kale,cabbage,broccoli,and others.The accumulation of anthocyanins,important secondary metabolites valuable t...Brassica oleracea comprises several important vegetable and ornamental crops,including curly kale,ornamental kale,cabbage,broccoli,and others.The accumulation of anthocyanins,important secondary metabolites valuable to human health,in these plants varies widely and is responsible for their pink to dark purple colors.Some curly kale varieties lack anthocyanins,making these plants completely green.The genetic basis of this trait is still unknown.We crossed the curly kale inbred line BK2019(without anthocyanins)with the cabbage inbred line YL1(with anthocyanins)and the Chinese kale inbred line TO1000(with anthocyanins)to generate segregating populations.The no-anthocyanin trait was genetically controlled by a recessive gene,bona1.We generated a linkage map and mapped bona1 to a 256-kb interval on C09.We identified one candidate gene,Bo9g058630,in the target genomic region;this gene is homologous to AT5G42800,which encodes a dihydroflavonol-4-reductase-like(DFR-like)protein in Arabidopsis.In BK2019,a 1-bp insertion was observed in the second exon of Bo9g058630 and directly produced a stop codon.To verify the candidate gene function,CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology was applied to knock out Bo9g058630.We generated three bona1 mutants,two of which were completely green with no anthocyanins,confirming that Bo9g058630 corresponds to BoNA1.Different insertion/deletion mutations in BoNA1 exons were found in all six of the other no-anthocyanin kale varieties examined,supporting that independent disruption of BoNA1 resulted in no-anthocyanin varieties of B.oleracea.This study improves the understanding of the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in B.oleracea subspecies.展开更多
Increasing the urban tree cover percentage(TCP) is widely recognized as an efficient way to mitigate the urban heat island effect. The cooling efficiency of urban trees can be either enhanced or attenuated on hotter d...Increasing the urban tree cover percentage(TCP) is widely recognized as an efficient way to mitigate the urban heat island effect. The cooling efficiency of urban trees can be either enhanced or attenuated on hotter days, depending on the physiological response of urban trees to rising ambient temperature. However, the response of urban trees' cooling efficiency to rising urban temperature remains poorly quantified for China's cities. In this study, we quantify the response of urban trees' cooling efficiency to rising urban temperature at noontime [~1330 LT(local time), LT=UTC+8] in 17summers(June, July, and August) from 2003–19 in 70 economically developed cities of China based on satellite observations. The results show that urban trees have stronger cooling efficiency with increasing temperature, suggesting additional cooling benefits provided by urban trees on hotter days. The enhanced cooling efficiency values of urban trees range from 0.002 to 0.055℃ %-1 per 1℃ increase in temperature across the selected cities, with larger values for the lowTCP-level cities. The response is also regulated by background temperature and precipitation, as the additional cooling benefit tends to be larger in warmer and wetter cities at the same TCP level. The positive response of urban trees' cooling efficiency to rising urban temperature is explained mainly by the stronger evapotranspiration of urban trees on hotter days.These results have important implications for alleviating urban heat risk by utilizing urban trees, particularly considering that extreme hot days are becoming more frequent in cities under global warming.展开更多
Brassica oleracea is an important biennial herbaceous species in the Cruciferae family.With an estimated 3.77 million hectares planted worldwide,these cole crops,for instance,cabbage,broccoli,and cauliflower,constitut...Brassica oleracea is an important biennial herbaceous species in the Cruciferae family.With an estimated 3.77 million hectares planted worldwide,these cole crops,for instance,cabbage,broccoli,and cauliflower,constitute significant agricultural resources(Li et al.,2024).In recent years,the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)technology has been extensively applied in major crops,including rice,wheat,and potato.This technology can be utilized to regulate or disrupt gene expression to develop high-quality,disease-resistant.展开更多
Global food production is a major challenge currently facing humanity,and the primary way to secure global food security is to increase crop yields and enhance nutritional value.Heterosis utilization by crossing of tw...Global food production is a major challenge currently facing humanity,and the primary way to secure global food security is to increase crop yields and enhance nutritional value.Heterosis utilization by crossing of two different homozygous inbred lines has long been applied to increase crop yield.Doubled haploid(DH)technology greatly shortens the breeding process of homozygous lines by up to 3-5 years.In recent years,new haploid induction(HI)techniques based on genes such as DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION 679 membrane protein(DMP)and CENTROMERIC HISTONE3(CENH3)were exciting progresses in generating DHs in a more efficient and simple way(Jiang et al.,2022;Qu et al.,2024).展开更多
Zn^(2+)is required for the activity of many mitochondrial proteins,which regulate mitochondrial dynamics,apoptosis and mitophagy.However,it is not understood how the proper mitochondrial Zn^(2+)level is achieved to ma...Zn^(2+)is required for the activity of many mitochondrial proteins,which regulate mitochondrial dynamics,apoptosis and mitophagy.However,it is not understood how the proper mitochondrial Zn^(2+)level is achieved to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.Using Caenorhabditis elegans,we reveal here that a pair of mitochondrion-localized transporters controls the mitochondrial level of Zn^(2+).We demonstrate that SLC-30A9/ZnT9 is a mitochondrial Zn^(2+)exporter.Loss of SLC-30A9 leads to mitochondrial Zn^(2+)accumulation,which damages mitochondria,impairs animal development and shortens the life span.We further identify SLC-25A25/SCaMC-2 as an important regulator of mitochondrial Zn^(2+)import.Loss of SLC-25A25 suppresses the abnormal mitochondrial Zn^(2+)accumulation and defective mitochondrial structure and functions caused by loss of SLC-30A9.Moreover,we reveal that the endoplasmic reticulum contains the Zn^(2+)pool from which mitochondrial Zn^(2+)is imported.These findings establish the molecular basis for controlling the correct mitochondrial levels for normal mitochondrial structure and functions.展开更多
Preterm birth(PTB)is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide,yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving this condition remain undeciphered,thus limiting discovery of new therapies.In-depth...Preterm birth(PTB)is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide,yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving this condition remain undeciphered,thus limiting discovery of new therapies.In-depth analyses of human and mouse tissues associated with PTB,in combination with cellular studies,indicated that aberrantly high-expressed neutrophil cytoplasmic factor(NCF)1 leads to oxidative distress,recruitment,and pro-inflammatory activation of neutrophils and macrophages,while sequentially overexpressed pro-inflammatory mediators induce contractions of uterine smooth muscle cells(USMCs)as well as apoptosis of USMCs and amniotic epithelial cells,thereby causing PTB.According to these new findings,we rationally engineered an amphiphilic macromolecular conjugate LPA by covalently integrating low-molecular-weight heparin,a reactive oxygen species-responsive/scavenging component,and an anti-inflammatory peptide.This bioengineered macromolecular conjugate can selfassemble into multi-bioactive nanoparticles(LPA NP).In a mouse model of PTB,LPA NP effectively delayed PTB and inhibited adverse pregnancy outcomes,by regulating NCF1-mediated oxidativeinflammatory cascades,i.e.,attenuating oxidative stress,inhibiting inflammatory cell activation,reducing local inflammation,and decreasing contraction/apoptosis of myometrial cells.Packaging LPA NP into temperature-responsive,self-healing,and bioadhesive hydrogel further potentiated its in vivo efficacies after intravaginal delivery,by prolonging retention time,sustaining nanotherapy release,and increasing bioavailability in the placenta/uterus.Importantly,both the conjugate/nanotherapy and hydrogel formulations exhibited excellent safety profiles in pregnant mice,with negligible side effects on the mother and offspring.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB3311703)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61932003)Beijing Science and Technology Plan Project(Z221100006322003).
文摘In this paper,we introduce an innovative method for computer-aided design(CAD)segmentation by concatenating meshes and CAD models.Many previous CAD segmentation methods have achieved impressive performance using single representations,such as meshes,CAD,and point clouds.However,existing methods cannot effectively combine different three-dimensional model types for the direct conversion,alignment,and integrity maintenance of geometric and topological information.Hence,we propose an integration approach that combines the geometric accuracy of CAD data with the flexibility of mesh representations,as well as introduce a unique hybrid representation that combines CAD and mesh models to enhance segmentation accuracy.To combine these two model types,our hybrid system utilizes advanced-neural-network techniques to convert CAD models into mesh models.For complex CAD models,model segmentation is crucial for model retrieval and reuse.In partial retrieval,it aims to segment a complex CAD model into several simple components.The first component of our hybrid system involves advanced mesh-labeling algorithms that harness the digitization of CAD properties to mesh models.The second component integrates labelled face features for CAD segmentation by leveraging the abundant multisemantic information embedded in CAD models.This combination of mesh and CAD not only refines the accuracy of boundary delineation but also provides a comprehensive understanding of the underlying object semantics.This study uses the Fusion 360 Gallery dataset.Experimental results indicate that our hybrid method can segment these models with higher accuracy than other methods that use single representations.
基金Startup Fund for scientific researchFujian Medical University (Grant No. 2017XQ010)+1 种基金Beijing Medical and Health Foundation (Grant No. B183023)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian (Grant No. 2022J011011),China。
基金Supported by the National Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(2010ZX07212-006)the International S&T Cooperation Program“Research of a New Combined Technology Based on Membrane Distillation Synergistic Extraction for Heavy Metal Waste Water Treatment”(2014DFA90920)
文摘We studied the separation and recovery of copper(Ⅱ), nickel(Ⅱ), cobalt(Ⅱ), zinc(Ⅱ), and cadmium(Ⅱ) from magnesium and calcium, using synergistic solvent extraction(SSX) in a typical hydrometallurgical waste solution. A mixture of Versatic 10 acid and Mextral 984 H, diluted with Mextral DT100, was used to obtain fundamental data on p H and distribution isotherms, as well as the kinetics of extraction and stripping. We also investigated the main effects and interactions of common solvent extraction factors: the extraction p H at equilibrium, the temperature, and the extractant concentration. The synergistic effect for extracting metals was confirmed. The results showed that the addition of Mextral 984 H enhanced the separation factors of copper, nickel, cobalt,zinc, and cadmium over magnesium and calcium. Compared with Versatic 10 acid alone, for a mixture of0.5 mol·L^(-1) Versatic 10 acid/0.5 mol·L^(-1)Mextral 984 H, Δp H50 values of copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and cadmium were found to be N 2.0, 3.30, 2.85, 0.95, and 1.32 p H units, respectively. The Δp H_(50)(Zn–Mg)and Δp H_(50)(Zn–Ca)values were 3.27 and 2.25, respectively, indicating easy separation and recovery of copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt,and cadmium. The extraction and stripping of copper, cobalt, zinc, and cadmium were fast, with 90% of the metal transferred in 2 min. We next studied whether the metals could be stripped from the extracted liquid selectively in sequence, by using sulfuric acid at different concentrations. The influence of the molecular structure of the oxime and carboxylic acid components upon the synergistic effects was identified by numerical analysis.Excellent separation of copper, nickel, cobalt, and zinc over magnesium and calcium was achieved with this synergistic solvent extraction system.
基金the financial support received from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3803700)the National Outstanding Youth Foundation of China(No.52125104)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LD21E010002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52001277 and U22A20120)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2021FZZX001-09 and 226-2022-00246)the National Youth Top-Notch Talent Support Program.
文摘The storage of hydrogen in a compact,safe and cost-effective manner can be one of the key enabling technologies to power a more sustainable society.Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))has attracted strong research interest as a hydrogen carrier because of its high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen densities.However,the practical use of MgH_(2)for hydrogen storage has been limited due to high operation temperatures and sluggish kinetics.Catalysis is of crucial importance for the enhancement of hydrogen cycling kinetics of Mg/MgH_(2)and considerable work has been focused on designing,fabricating and optimizing catalysts.This review covers the recent advances in catalyzed Mg-based hydrogen storage materials.The fundamental properties and the syntheses of MgH_(2)as a hydrogen carrier are first briefly reviewed.After that,the general catalysis mechanisms and the catalysts developed for hydrogen storage in MgH_(2)are summarized in detail.Finally,the challenges and future research focus are discussed.Literature studies indicate that transition metals,rare-earth metals and their compounds are quite effective in catalyzing hydrogen storage in Mg/MgH_(2).Most metal-containing compounds were converted in situ to elemental metal or their magnesium alloys,and their particle sizes and dispersion affect their catalytic activity.The in-situ construction of catalyzed ultrasmall Mg/MgH_(2)nanostructures(<10 nm in size)is believed to be the future research focus.These important insights will help with the design and development of high-performance catalysts for hydrogen storage in Mg/MgH_(2).
基金supported by the Major State Research Development Program(2016YFD0101702)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAASASTIP-IVFCAAS)the earmarked fund for the Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System,China(nycytx-35-gw01).
文摘Clubroot disease,a major plant root disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae,has become one of the most destructive diseases among cultivated cruciferous vegetables.However,clubroot-resistant Brassica oleracea materials are rare.A few clubroot-resistant cabbage varieties are available on the market,but all are Ogura cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)types.Therefore,in this study,to reutilize the clubroot-resistant Ogura CMS germplasm of cabbage,a new fertility-restored Ogura CMS material,16Q2-11,was used as a bridge to transfer the clubroot resistance(CR)gene from the Ogura CMS cytoplasm to the normal cytoplasm by a two-step method(a fertility restoration and cytoplasm replacement method).In the first cross for fertility restoration of Ogura CMS clubroot-resistant cabbage(FRCRC),16Q2-11 was used as a restorer to cross with Ogura CMS materials containing the CR gene CRb2.Eleven Rfo-positive progenies were generated,of which four contained CRb2:F8-514,F8-620,F8-732 and F8-839.After inoculation with race 4 of P.brassicae,these four CRb2-positive individuals showed resistance.Furthermore,F8-514 and F8-839 were then used as male parents in the second cross of FRCRC to cross with cabbage inbred lines,resulting in the successful introgression of the CRb2 gene into the inbred lines.All offspring produced from this step of cross,which had a normal cytoplasm,showed a high resistance to race 4 of P.brassicae and could be utilized for the breeding of clubrootresistant cabbage varieties in the future.This is the first time that the Ogura CMS restorer has been used to restore the fertility of Ogura CMS clubroot-resistant cabbages,which could improve germplasm diversity in cabbage and provide a reference method for using CMS germplasm in Brassica crops.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Plan(Grant No.2017YFD0101805)the National Science and Technology Foundation(Grant No.31501761)+2 种基金the National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Special Fund Project(Grant No.CARS-23-A8)the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Science and Technology Innovation Project(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-IVF-CAAS)the State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation.
文摘To better understand the genetic diversity and population structure of broccoli cultivars planted in China,a total of 161 representative broccoli cultivars in the past 25 years were collected and analysed based on single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers.Ten pairs of primers with good polymorphism and high resolution were screened from 315 pairs of SNP primers by 3 broccoli accessions(inbred lines)with different phenotypes and maturity.The 10 pairs of SNP primers were selected,producing 78 alleles.The diversity analysis indicated that the polymorphism information content(PIC)of SNP primer ranged from 0.64 to 0.90.The observed number of alleles(Na)was 2.00,the effective number of alleles(Ne)was 1.11–2.00,the Nei’s gene diversity(H)was 0.10–0.50,and Shannon information index(I)was 0.20–0.70 using PopGene32 software.The clustering results showed that the 161 broccoli cultivars could be divided into 4 major subgroups(A,B,C and D),foreign cultivars were all assigned to subgroup A,and domestic cultivars were assigned to 3 subgroups of B,C,and D.This study indicated that some domestic cultivars and foreign cultivars were similar in genetic background,but most domestic cultivars were still different from the Japanese cultivars.When K=2,the population structure result presented that 161 broccoli cultivars could be divided into 1 simple group(2 groups)and 1 mixed group.When Q≥0.6,143(88.82%)broccoli cultivars belonged to the simple groups.In simple groups 68(42.24%)broccoli cultivars of group 1 were derived from Japan,the United States,Switzerland,the Netherlands,China-Taiwan,and China-Mainland;75(46.58%)broccoli cultivars belonged to group 2;when Q<0.6,18(11.18%)broccoli cultivars belonged to the mixed groups.This study is helpful to understand the diversity and resolution of broccoli cultivars from worldwide,which is beneficial to plant breeding and materials innovation.And meanwhile,this result is also used for construction of broccoli fingerprint serving for cultivar identification.
基金supported by the Youth Science Fund Project(Grant No. 31801876)。
文摘Cytokinins are a class of phytohormones that promote cell division and differentiation and are thought to affect plant immunity to multiple pathogens.However,a comprehensive analysis of cytokinin dehydrogenase/oxidase(CKX)family genes in cabbage has not been reported.In this study,a total of 36 CKX genes were identified using a genome-wide search method.Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into three groups.They were distributed unevenly across nine chromosomes in B.oleracea,and 15 of them did not contain any introns.The results of colinearity analysis showed that 36 CKX gene in Arabidopsis was present in several copies in the Brassica oleracea genome.An analysis of cisacting elements indicated that all genes possessed at least one stress or hormone responsive cis-acting element.A heatmap of CKX gene expression showed the patterns of expression of these genes in various tissues and organs.Three genes(Bol028363,Bol031036 and Bol018140)were relatively highly expressed in all of the investigated tissues under normal conditions,showing the expression profile of housekeeping genes.Generally,the expression patterns of CKX genes in Jingfeng 1 and Xiangan 336 were quite different under the same treatment.Notably,three genes(Bol020547,Bol028392 and Bol045724)were significantly down-regulated and up-regulated in the susceptible and resistant material,respectively,after inoculation,which may indicate their crucial roles in resistance to clubroot disease.The results provide insights for better understanding the roles of CKX genes in the B.oleracea–P.brassicae interaction.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701927)Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Y2020PT01,Y2018YJ04)+1 种基金earmarked fund for the Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System,China(CARS-23)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS).
文摘Brassica species include many economically important crops that provide nutrition and health-promoting substances to humans worldwide.However,as with all crops,their production is constantly threatened by emerging viral,bacterial,and fungal diseases,whose incidence has increased in recent years.Traditional methods of control are often costly,present limited effectiveness,and cause environmental damage;instead,the ideal approach is to mine and utilize the resistance genes of the Brassica crop hosts themselves.Fortunately,the development of genomics,molecular genetics,and biological techniques enables us to rapidly discover and apply resistance(R)genes.Herein,the R genes identified in Brassica crops are summarized,including their mapping and cloning,possible molecular mechanisms,and application in resistance breeding.Future perspectives concerning how to accurately discover additional R gene resources and efficiently utilize these genes in the genomic era are also discussed.
基金financially supported by the Major State Research Development Program(Grant No.2016YFD0101702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31872948)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIPIVFCAAS)。
文摘Cabbage has significant heterosis and most commercial cultivars are hybrids.To explore genetic basis of cabbage heterosis and promote cabbage heterosis utilization,we constructed two populations by crossing 100 DH lines derived from a cabbage hybrid 01–20×96–100 with two female parents.Hybrids exhibited different extents of heterosis,the mean value of economic yield was 2.6 times bigger than parents.We identified 66 and 73 QTLs associated with mid-parent heterosis and transgressive heterosis of twelve yield-related traits,respectively.Some QTLs could be detected under the two-year experiment existed in two populations with different testers,showing relatively high phenotypic contribution rate(15.8%–20.0%).Heterosis QTLs exhibited clustered distribution in several cabbage chromosome regions.Two dominant genetic regions,mk300–316 and mk258–268,originated from the elite parent 01–20,exhibited significant genetic effects for yield-related heterosis,which were first identified.Three elite DH lines(D22,D46,D83)harboring these two dominant regions were selected as having strong heterosis in cabbage production.Candidate gene analysis revealed that some genes participating in biosynthetic processes of carbohydrates and some responses to auxin might affect cabbage yield heterosis.QTL identification and genetic dissection of yield-related traits provide new insights into the genetic effects of cabbage heterosis.
基金Startup Fund for scientific research,Fujian Medical University (Grant No. 2017XQ010)Beijing Medical and Health Fou ndation (Grant No. B183023),China。
文摘In this retrospective cohort study,we aimed to identify the influence of the CYP2C9*3 and CYP4F2 rs2108622 gene alleles on over-anticoagulation and bleeding complications associated with warfarin therapy.A total of 196 patients were included,including 80 males,the mean age was 50.8±10.7 years,and the average follow-up was 26.9±11.8 months.These patients underwent heart valve replacement surgery in the Cardiovascular Surgery of Fujian Provincial Hospital between January 2018 and August 2019,who took warfarin for at least 3 months and had target international normalized ratio(INR)between 1.8 and 2.5.Genotypes of CYP2C9*3 and CYP4F2 rs2108622 genes were tested by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-gene sequencing technique.SPSS19.0 software was utilized to analyze the association between genotypes and warfarin-related over-anticoagulation and bleeding complications.Of the 434 patient-years,18 severe bleedings and 59 mild ones occurred in 31 patients.Patients with CYP2C9*1/*3 were associated with a higher over-anticoagulation risk compared with the*1/*1 carriers(hazard rate(HR)7.10;95%confidence interval(CI):2.54–19.79,P<0.001).The CYP4F2 rs2108622 mutant genotype did not cause significant increase in bleeding risk(HR 0.89;95%CI:0.43–1.82,P=0.74)or over-anticoagulation(HR 0.43;95%CI:0.16–1.13,P=0.09).Meanwhile,Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the time to over-anticoagulation in CYP2C9*1/*3 carriers was significantly shorter compared with the*1/*1 carriers(log-rank test,P<0.001),while that in CYP4F2 rs2108622 mutant genotype patients was longer compared with the wild-type patients(P=0.05).CYP2C9*3 and CYP4F2 rs2108622 might be major predictive factors of over-anticoagulation for warfarin therapy in Chinese patients.
基金This work was funded by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAASASTIPIVFCAAS)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-23).
文摘Brassica oleracea comprises several important vegetable and ornamental crops,including curly kale,ornamental kale,cabbage,broccoli,and others.The accumulation of anthocyanins,important secondary metabolites valuable to human health,in these plants varies widely and is responsible for their pink to dark purple colors.Some curly kale varieties lack anthocyanins,making these plants completely green.The genetic basis of this trait is still unknown.We crossed the curly kale inbred line BK2019(without anthocyanins)with the cabbage inbred line YL1(with anthocyanins)and the Chinese kale inbred line TO1000(with anthocyanins)to generate segregating populations.The no-anthocyanin trait was genetically controlled by a recessive gene,bona1.We generated a linkage map and mapped bona1 to a 256-kb interval on C09.We identified one candidate gene,Bo9g058630,in the target genomic region;this gene is homologous to AT5G42800,which encodes a dihydroflavonol-4-reductase-like(DFR-like)protein in Arabidopsis.In BK2019,a 1-bp insertion was observed in the second exon of Bo9g058630 and directly produced a stop codon.To verify the candidate gene function,CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology was applied to knock out Bo9g058630.We generated three bona1 mutants,two of which were completely green with no anthocyanins,confirming that Bo9g058630 corresponds to BoNA1.Different insertion/deletion mutations in BoNA1 exons were found in all six of the other no-anthocyanin kale varieties examined,supporting that independent disruption of BoNA1 resulted in no-anthocyanin varieties of B.oleracea.This study improves the understanding of the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in B.oleracea subspecies.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20240170)Open fund by Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (KHK2203)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau Youth Fund (KQ202314)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2024300330)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change。
文摘Increasing the urban tree cover percentage(TCP) is widely recognized as an efficient way to mitigate the urban heat island effect. The cooling efficiency of urban trees can be either enhanced or attenuated on hotter days, depending on the physiological response of urban trees to rising ambient temperature. However, the response of urban trees' cooling efficiency to rising urban temperature remains poorly quantified for China's cities. In this study, we quantify the response of urban trees' cooling efficiency to rising urban temperature at noontime [~1330 LT(local time), LT=UTC+8] in 17summers(June, July, and August) from 2003–19 in 70 economically developed cities of China based on satellite observations. The results show that urban trees have stronger cooling efficiency with increasing temperature, suggesting additional cooling benefits provided by urban trees on hotter days. The enhanced cooling efficiency values of urban trees range from 0.002 to 0.055℃ %-1 per 1℃ increase in temperature across the selected cities, with larger values for the lowTCP-level cities. The response is also regulated by background temperature and precipitation, as the additional cooling benefit tends to be larger in warmer and wetter cities at the same TCP level. The positive response of urban trees' cooling efficiency to rising urban temperature is explained mainly by the stronger evapotranspiration of urban trees on hotter days.These results have important implications for alleviating urban heat risk by utilizing urban trees, particularly considering that extreme hot days are becoming more frequent in cities under global warming.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFE0111400)the Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2023366)+4 种基金S&T Program of Hebei Province(22322912D)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-23)Wulanchabu City's Chal enge and Recruitment Project(2022JB006)partly supported by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education(No.075-15-2023-582)。
文摘Brassica oleracea is an important biennial herbaceous species in the Cruciferae family.With an estimated 3.77 million hectares planted worldwide,these cole crops,for instance,cabbage,broccoli,and cauliflower,constitute significant agricultural resources(Li et al.,2024).In recent years,the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)technology has been extensively applied in major crops,including rice,wheat,and potato.This technology can be utilized to regulate or disrupt gene expression to develop high-quality,disease-resistant.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1201501)the Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2023366)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-23).
文摘Global food production is a major challenge currently facing humanity,and the primary way to secure global food security is to increase crop yields and enhance nutritional value.Heterosis utilization by crossing of two different homozygous inbred lines has long been applied to increase crop yield.Doubled haploid(DH)technology greatly shortens the breeding process of homozygous lines by up to 3-5 years.In recent years,new haploid induction(HI)techniques based on genes such as DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION 679 membrane protein(DMP)and CENTROMERIC HISTONE3(CENH3)were exciting progresses in generating DHs in a more efficient and simple way(Jiang et al.,2022;Qu et al.,2024).
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China(91954204 and 31730053)the National Basic Research Program of China(2017YFA0503403)Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department(#202001BB050077 and#202105AB160003).
文摘Zn^(2+)is required for the activity of many mitochondrial proteins,which regulate mitochondrial dynamics,apoptosis and mitophagy.However,it is not understood how the proper mitochondrial Zn^(2+)level is achieved to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.Using Caenorhabditis elegans,we reveal here that a pair of mitochondrion-localized transporters controls the mitochondrial level of Zn^(2+).We demonstrate that SLC-30A9/ZnT9 is a mitochondrial Zn^(2+)exporter.Loss of SLC-30A9 leads to mitochondrial Zn^(2+)accumulation,which damages mitochondria,impairs animal development and shortens the life span.We further identify SLC-25A25/SCaMC-2 as an important regulator of mitochondrial Zn^(2+)import.Loss of SLC-25A25 suppresses the abnormal mitochondrial Zn^(2+)accumulation and defective mitochondrial structure and functions caused by loss of SLC-30A9.Moreover,we reveal that the endoplasmic reticulum contains the Zn^(2+)pool from which mitochondrial Zn^(2+)is imported.These findings establish the molecular basis for controlling the correct mitochondrial levels for normal mitochondrial structure and functions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82301918)Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20346)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0856)the Key Program for Technological Innovation&Application Development of Chongqing(CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0156)the Key Medical Program Integrated by Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau and Chongqing Health Commission(2023GGXM005)the Program for Scientific and Technological Innovation Leader of Chongqing(CQYC20210302362).
文摘Preterm birth(PTB)is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide,yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving this condition remain undeciphered,thus limiting discovery of new therapies.In-depth analyses of human and mouse tissues associated with PTB,in combination with cellular studies,indicated that aberrantly high-expressed neutrophil cytoplasmic factor(NCF)1 leads to oxidative distress,recruitment,and pro-inflammatory activation of neutrophils and macrophages,while sequentially overexpressed pro-inflammatory mediators induce contractions of uterine smooth muscle cells(USMCs)as well as apoptosis of USMCs and amniotic epithelial cells,thereby causing PTB.According to these new findings,we rationally engineered an amphiphilic macromolecular conjugate LPA by covalently integrating low-molecular-weight heparin,a reactive oxygen species-responsive/scavenging component,and an anti-inflammatory peptide.This bioengineered macromolecular conjugate can selfassemble into multi-bioactive nanoparticles(LPA NP).In a mouse model of PTB,LPA NP effectively delayed PTB and inhibited adverse pregnancy outcomes,by regulating NCF1-mediated oxidativeinflammatory cascades,i.e.,attenuating oxidative stress,inhibiting inflammatory cell activation,reducing local inflammation,and decreasing contraction/apoptosis of myometrial cells.Packaging LPA NP into temperature-responsive,self-healing,and bioadhesive hydrogel further potentiated its in vivo efficacies after intravaginal delivery,by prolonging retention time,sustaining nanotherapy release,and increasing bioavailability in the placenta/uterus.Importantly,both the conjugate/nanotherapy and hydrogel formulations exhibited excellent safety profiles in pregnant mice,with negligible side effects on the mother and offspring.
