Nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))accumulation and transport processes in the thick vadose zone affect the evolution of the groundwater NO_(3)^(-)content in intensive agricultural regions.Agricultural land-use change(ALUC),typically...Nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))accumulation and transport processes in the thick vadose zone affect the evolution of the groundwater NO_(3)^(-)content in intensive agricultural regions.Agricultural land-use change(ALUC),typically accompanied by substantial alterations in nitrogen fertilizer application and irrigation practices,is an important influencing factor.This study evaluated the changes in NO_(3)^(-)accumulation and transport in the deep vadose zone(DVZ,below the root zone),and the groundwater NO_(3)^(-)content associated with ALUC from grain to vegetable fields in the North China Plain(NCP).The ALUC from grain to vegetable resulted in nitrate–nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N)accumulation in DVZ increased by 235.5 kg ha^(-1)m^(-1)(163.2%)in the piedmont plain and 224.9 kg ha^(-1)m^(-1)(102.7%)in the central plain,respectively.This change accelerated downward transport velocity in the DVZ(from 0.81±0.47 to 0.89±0.55 m yr^(-1)in the piedmont plain,and from 0.24±0.12 to 0.92±0.12 m yr^(-1)in the central plain)and increased NO_(3)^(-)leaching fluxes.High transport velocity and leaching fluxes resulted in chemical N-fertilizer entering the aquifer in several areas in the piedmont plain.The impact of the agricultural activity intensity changes,accompanied by the ALUC,on groundwater quantity and quality should be considered in similar regions.展开更多
以欧亚种酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’为试材,通过高效液气相色谱-质谱联用法研究单干单臂、单干双臂和单干双层双臂3种整形方式对葡萄果皮非花色苷酚类物质的影响,并采用聚类分析和偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares-discrimination ana...以欧亚种酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’为试材,通过高效液气相色谱-质谱联用法研究单干单臂、单干双臂和单干双层双臂3种整形方式对葡萄果皮非花色苷酚类物质的影响,并采用聚类分析和偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares-discrimination analysis,PLS-DA)筛选不同整形方式间单体非花色苷酚的差异组分。结果表明:与单干单臂和单干双层双臂整形相比,单干双臂整形可以提高葡萄果皮中的槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-半乳糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷类黄酮醇物质的含量;单干单臂和单干双臂整形葡萄果皮中杨梅酮-3-O-葡萄糖苷、异鼠李亭-3-O-葡萄糖苷、丁香亭-3-O-葡萄糖苷类黄酮醇类物质和表没食子酸儿茶素、儿茶素类黄烷醇类物质及原儿茶酸类、香草酸酚酸类物质的含量均高于或显著高于单干双层双臂整形,而单干双层双臂整形葡萄果皮中仅原花色素C1的含量较高。聚类分析结果显示,部分单体非花色苷酚类物质受年份的影响较大,且单干单臂和单干双臂整形对非花色苷酚类物质的影响模式类似,而两者与单干双层双臂整形区别较大。PLS-DA结果表明,不同整形方式的葡萄果皮中单体非花色苷酚类物质组分差异较大。槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、杨梅酮-3-O-葡萄糖苷等黄酮醇类物质是3类整形方式所处理的葡萄果皮的主要差异组分,且对单干双臂整形处理组的贡献值较大,单干双臂整形的葡萄果皮中含有较高的黄酮醇类物质含量。综上,单干双臂整形方式有助于葡萄果皮非花色苷酚类物质的积累,可被应用于陕西关中地区酿酒葡萄的栽培生产中。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41930865Project for Innovative Capacity Improvement in Hebei Province,No.225A4201D。
文摘Nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))accumulation and transport processes in the thick vadose zone affect the evolution of the groundwater NO_(3)^(-)content in intensive agricultural regions.Agricultural land-use change(ALUC),typically accompanied by substantial alterations in nitrogen fertilizer application and irrigation practices,is an important influencing factor.This study evaluated the changes in NO_(3)^(-)accumulation and transport in the deep vadose zone(DVZ,below the root zone),and the groundwater NO_(3)^(-)content associated with ALUC from grain to vegetable fields in the North China Plain(NCP).The ALUC from grain to vegetable resulted in nitrate–nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N)accumulation in DVZ increased by 235.5 kg ha^(-1)m^(-1)(163.2%)in the piedmont plain and 224.9 kg ha^(-1)m^(-1)(102.7%)in the central plain,respectively.This change accelerated downward transport velocity in the DVZ(from 0.81±0.47 to 0.89±0.55 m yr^(-1)in the piedmont plain,and from 0.24±0.12 to 0.92±0.12 m yr^(-1)in the central plain)and increased NO_(3)^(-)leaching fluxes.High transport velocity and leaching fluxes resulted in chemical N-fertilizer entering the aquifer in several areas in the piedmont plain.The impact of the agricultural activity intensity changes,accompanied by the ALUC,on groundwater quantity and quality should be considered in similar regions.
文摘以欧亚种酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’为试材,通过高效液气相色谱-质谱联用法研究单干单臂、单干双臂和单干双层双臂3种整形方式对葡萄果皮非花色苷酚类物质的影响,并采用聚类分析和偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares-discrimination analysis,PLS-DA)筛选不同整形方式间单体非花色苷酚的差异组分。结果表明:与单干单臂和单干双层双臂整形相比,单干双臂整形可以提高葡萄果皮中的槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-半乳糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷类黄酮醇物质的含量;单干单臂和单干双臂整形葡萄果皮中杨梅酮-3-O-葡萄糖苷、异鼠李亭-3-O-葡萄糖苷、丁香亭-3-O-葡萄糖苷类黄酮醇类物质和表没食子酸儿茶素、儿茶素类黄烷醇类物质及原儿茶酸类、香草酸酚酸类物质的含量均高于或显著高于单干双层双臂整形,而单干双层双臂整形葡萄果皮中仅原花色素C1的含量较高。聚类分析结果显示,部分单体非花色苷酚类物质受年份的影响较大,且单干单臂和单干双臂整形对非花色苷酚类物质的影响模式类似,而两者与单干双层双臂整形区别较大。PLS-DA结果表明,不同整形方式的葡萄果皮中单体非花色苷酚类物质组分差异较大。槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、杨梅酮-3-O-葡萄糖苷等黄酮醇类物质是3类整形方式所处理的葡萄果皮的主要差异组分,且对单干双臂整形处理组的贡献值较大,单干双臂整形的葡萄果皮中含有较高的黄酮醇类物质含量。综上,单干双臂整形方式有助于葡萄果皮非花色苷酚类物质的积累,可被应用于陕西关中地区酿酒葡萄的栽培生产中。
