Understanding bacterial strategies for coping with heavy metal stress is essential for elucidating their resilience in contaminated environments.However,whether cell wall exfoliation contributes to bacterial tolerance...Understanding bacterial strategies for coping with heavy metal stress is essential for elucidating their resilience in contaminated environments.However,whether cell wall exfoliation contributes to bacterial tolerance under heavy metal stress,such as cadmium(Cd)exposure,remains unclear and requires further investigation.In this study,we reveal a novel self-protective mechanism in Stenotrophomonas sp.H225 isolated from a Cd-contaminated farmland soil,which underwent controlled cell wall exfoliation and regeneration in response to Cd stress up to 200 mg L^(-1).Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses revealed that the exfoliated cell wall fragments served as extracellular Cd sinks,thereby reducing intracellular Cd accumulation.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated progressive peptidoglycan(PG)degradation,with exfoliated PG concentration in solution increasing from 148 ng mL^(-1) at 0 mg L^(-1) Cd to 240 ng mL^(-1) at 200 mg L^(-1) Cd.This degradation was counteracted by the compensatory upregulation of PG biosynthesis genes,with the enrichment ratio reaching up to 0.83,facilitating cell wall reconstruction.Transcriptomic analysis and gene knockout experiments identified mtgA(encoding a monofunctional transglycosylase)as a key determinant in cell wall repair and Cd resistance.To our knowledge,this is the first mechanistic evidence that bacteria can mitigate heavy metal toxicity through dynamic cell wall remodeling involving exfoliation and regeneration.This finding enhances our understanding of microbial survival strategies under environmental stress and highlights potential targets for engineering metal-tolerant strains for bioremediation applications.展开更多
Interactions involving chemical reagents,solid particles,gas bubbles,liquid droplets,and solid surfaces in complex fluids play a vital role in many engineering processes,such as froth flotation,emulsion and foam forma...Interactions involving chemical reagents,solid particles,gas bubbles,liquid droplets,and solid surfaces in complex fluids play a vital role in many engineering processes,such as froth flotation,emulsion and foam formation,adsorption,and fouling and anti-fouling phenomena.These interactions at the molecular,nano-,and micro scale significantly influence and determine the macroscopic performance and efficiency of related engineering processes.Understanding the intermolecular and surface interactions in engineering processes is of both fundamental and practical importance,which not only improves production technologies,but also provides valuable insights into the development of new materials.In this review,the typical intermolecular and surface interactions involved in various engineering processes,including Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek(DLVO)interactions(i.e.,van der Waals and electrical doublelayer interactions)and non-DLVO interactions,such as steric and hydrophobic interactions,are first introduced.Nanomechanical techniques such as atomic force microscopy and surface forces apparatus for quantifying the interaction forces of molecules and surfaces in complex fluids are briefly introduced.Our recent progress on characterizing the intermolecular and surface interactions in several engineering systems are reviewed,including mineral flotation,petroleum engineering,wastewater treatment,and energy storage materials.The correlation of these fundamental interaction mechanisms with practical applications in resolving engineering challenges and the perspectives of the research field have also been discussed.展开更多
The selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) into 2,5-diformylfuran(DFF) is an important reaction for renewable biomass building blocks. Compared with thermal catalytic processes, photocatalytic production ...The selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) into 2,5-diformylfuran(DFF) is an important reaction for renewable biomass building blocks. Compared with thermal catalytic processes, photocatalytic production of DFF from HMF has attracted tremendous attention. Herein, the MoS_(2)/CdIn_(2)S_(4)(MC)flower-like heterojunctions were prepared and considered as photocatalysts for selective oxidation of HMF into DFF under visible-light irradiation in aqueous solution. Results demonstrated MoS_(2) in MC heterojunction could promote the separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs, while the amount of MoS_(2) dropping was proved influenced on the photocatalytic performance. 80.93% of DFF selectivity was realized when using 12.5% MC as photocatalyst. In addition, the MC catalyst also showed great potential in transformation of other biomass derived benzyl-and furyl-alcohols. The catalytic mechanism suggested that ·O_(2)^(-) was the decisive active radical for HMF oxidation. Therefore, the MC heterojunction could be applied in photocatalytic conversion of biomass to valuable chemicals under ambient condition.展开更多
The intricate interplay between the human immune system and cancer development underscores the central role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment.Within this landscape,the innate immune system,a critical sentinel prote...The intricate interplay between the human immune system and cancer development underscores the central role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment.Within this landscape,the innate immune system,a critical sentinel protecting against tumor incursion,is a key player.The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(c GAS)and stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway has been found to be a linchpin of innate immunity:activation of this signaling pathway orchestrates the production of type I interferon(IFN-α/β),thus fostering the maturation,differentiation,and mobilization of immune effectors in the tumor microenvironment.Furthermore,STING activation facilitates the release and presentation of tumor antigens,and therefore is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy.Current strategies to activate the STING pathway,including use of pharmacological agonists,have made substantial advancements,particularly when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors.These approaches have shown promise in preclinical and clinical settings,by enhancing patient survival rates.This review describes the evolving understanding of the c GAS-STING pathway's involvement in tumor biology and therapy.Moreover,this review explores classical and non-classical STING agonists,providing insights into their mechanisms of action and potential for optimizing immunotherapy strategies.Despite challenges and complexities,the c GAS-STING pathway,a promising avenue for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy,has the potential to revolutionize patient outcomes.展开更多
Nowadays, most positioning systems carry out locational calculation based on the accurate location information of some devices in the network. However there is a deviation in the locational information of the part of ...Nowadays, most positioning systems carry out locational calculation based on the accurate location information of some devices in the network. However there is a deviation in the locational information of the part of the device, we need to reduce it in order to obtain higher positioning accuracy. In this paper, we proposed a new centralized D2D(Device-to-Device) co-location algorithm. This algorithm uses DBSACN(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) clustering to reduce the deviation of device location information. Numerical results show that the positioning accuracy of the centralized D2D co-localization algorithm is improved by 62.7% compared with the SPAWN algorithm, which positioning performance superior to the traditional co-localization algorithm.展开更多
The kagome superconductor CsV_(3)Sb_(5) with exotic electronic properties has attracted substantial research interest,and the interplay between the superconductivity and the charge-density wave is crucial for understa...The kagome superconductor CsV_(3)Sb_(5) with exotic electronic properties has attracted substantial research interest,and the interplay between the superconductivity and the charge-density wave is crucial for understanding its unusual electronic ground state.In this work,we performed resistivity and AC magnetic susceptibility measurements on CsV_(3)Sb_(5) single crystals uniaxially-strained along[100]and[110]directions.We find that the uniaxial-strain tuning effect of T_(c)(dT_(c)/dε)and T_(CDW)(dT_(CDW)/dε)are almost identical along these distinct high-symmetry directions.These findings suggest the in-plane uniaxial-strain-tuning of T_(c) and T_(CDW)in CsV_(3)Sb_(5) are dominated by associated c-axis strain,whereas the response to purely in-plane strains is likely small.展开更多
Strongly correlated electrons at the verge of quantum criticality give rise to unconventional phases of matter and behaviors,with the discovery of new quantum-critical materials driving synergistic experimental and th...Strongly correlated electrons at the verge of quantum criticality give rise to unconventional phases of matter and behaviors,with the discovery of new quantum-critical materials driving synergistic experimental and theoretical advances.In this paper,we report the structural and physical properties of a new quaternary Ce-based heavy fermion compound,Ce_(2)NiAl_(6)Si_(5),which was synthesized via the self-flux method.This compound forms a layered tetragonal structure(space group P4/nmm)with square nets of Ce atoms separated by Si-Al or Ni-Si-Ge layers.Specific heat measurements show a low-temperature Sommerfeld coefficient of 1.4 J/mol-Ce・K^(2)with reduced entropy,indicative of significant Kondo interactions.Below 0.6 K,an increase in resistivity and a deviation in magnetic susceptibility suggest the appearance of magnetic ordering or the development of dynamic magnetic correlations,which is further supported by a bulge in the specific heat around 0.4 K.The findings of this study suggest that Ce_(2)NiAl_(6)Si_(5)is a layered heavy fermion metal naturally located near a spin-density-wave quantum critical point.展开更多
It has been discussed whether reduced glutathione (GSH) could promote the chondrogenic differentiation ability of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). hUC-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cor...It has been discussed whether reduced glutathione (GSH) could promote the chondrogenic differentiation ability of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). hUC-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord and their specificity was identified, then induced into cartilage-like cells in chondrogenic induction medium with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), especially with GSH. The morphological change before and after induction was observed through inverted phase contrast microscope, Type II collagen (COL2-A1) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were analyzed qualitatively by Toluidine blue and immunofluorescence technique, respectively, the contents of COL2-A1 and GAG were estimated from the determination of hydroxyproline content and Alcian Blue method separately. The mRNA expressions of GAG and COL2-A1 were assayed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. After continuously cultured for 21 days with GSH, Toluidine blue staining and immunofluorescence reaction were all positive in basic induction medium group (group B), basic induction medium +0.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) group (group BD) and basic induction medium +0.5% DMSO +500 μM GSH group (group BDG). Moreover, compared with group B and group BD, the contents of COL2-A1 and GAG in group BDG relatively increased and the mRNA expression level of COL2-A1 and GAG also comparatively increased (P < 0.05) and both had a significant statistical significance (P < 0.05). So GSH might promote the induction of hUC-MSCs to differentiate into cartilage-like cells.展开更多
Objective:To systematically evaluate the effects of Shenfu Injection on immune function of sepsis patients by meta-analysis.Methods:The randomized controlled trials of Shenfu Injection in the treatment of sepsis publi...Objective:To systematically evaluate the effects of Shenfu Injection on immune function of sepsis patients by meta-analysis.Methods:The randomized controlled trials of Shenfu Injection in the treatment of sepsis published from 2000 to February 2021 were searched in CNKI,WanFang database and VIP database.The control group was treated with routine treatment;The experimental group was treated with Shenfu Injection on the basis of routine treatment.The included literature was evaluated by Cochrane bias risk evaluation table,and Shenfu Injection was used to treat patients with sepsis with RevMan 5.3 software.The results of meta-analysis were as reported.Conclusion:However,due to the limitation of the quality and quantity of the included research,multi center,large sample volume and high-quality RCT are still needed to verify the research results.展开更多
The increasing popularity of information technology has generated many innovative product marketing strategies.To facilitate the sustainable development of the probabilistic selling strategy,we developed a game-theore...The increasing popularity of information technology has generated many innovative product marketing strategies.To facilitate the sustainable development of the probabilistic selling strategy,we developed a game-theoretic model incorporating a manufacturer and a retailer to explore whether and when they should implement a probabilistic product and examine its effect on supply chain performance in vertically differentiated markets.First,the marketing strategy preference is closely related to product quality differentiation and the demand cannibalization effect.While a retailer benefits from adopting probabilistic selling(PS)regardless of quality differentiation,the manufacturer prefers traditional selling(TS)under certain market conditions.Second,the PS strategy increases the retailer’s profit from low-quality products by adjusting prices,though the manufacturer benefits only under certain conditions.Third,demand cannibalization intensifies with weak quality differentiation and low wholesale price discount,and a“win-win”situation is achieved only when product heterogeneity is limited.Furthermore,we provide managerial implications for supply chain members when PS is employed as a marketing strategy.展开更多
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that are essential for cellular energy generation,metabolic regulation,and signal transduction.Their structural complexity enables adaptive responses to diverse physiological demand...Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that are essential for cellular energy generation,metabolic regulation,and signal transduction.Their structural complexity enables adaptive responses to diverse physiological demands.In cancer,mitochondria orchestrate multiple cellular processes critical to tumor development.Metabolic reprogramming enables cancer cells to exploit aerobic glycolysis,glutamine metabolism,and lipid alterations,supporting uncontrolled growth,survival,and treatment resistance.Genetic and epigenetic alterations in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA disrupt oxidative phosphorylation,tricarboxylic acid cycle dynamics,and redox homeostasis,driving oncogenic progression.Mitochondrial dysfunction in tumors is highly heterogeneous,influencing disease phenotypes and treatment responses across cancer types.Within the tumor microenvironment,mitochondria profoundly impact immune responses by modulating T-cell survival and function,macrophage polarization,NK cell cytotoxicity,and neutrophil activation.They also mediate stromal cell functions,particularly in cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor endothelial cells.Although targeting mitochondrial function represents a promising therapeutic strategy,mitochondrial heterogeneity and adaptive resistance mechanisms complicate interventional approaches.Advances in mitochondrial genome editing,proteomics,and circulating mitochondrial DNA analysis have enhanced tumor diagnostic precision.This review synthesizes the developmental landscape of mitochondrial research in cancer,comprehensively summarizing mitochondrial structural dynamics,metabolic plasticity,signaling networks,and interactions with the tumor microenvironment.Finally,we discuss the translational challenges in developing effective mitochondria-based cancer interventions.展开更多
Macroscopic films assembled from graphene sheets could be ideal for lightweight and flexible electromagnetic interference shielding applications if the excellent mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of indi...Macroscopic films assembled from graphene sheets could be ideal for lightweight and flexible electromagnetic interference shielding applications if the excellent mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of individual graphene can be replicated on the macroscale.However,in practice,a large performance gap remains between individual graphene and graphene-based macroscopic films.In this work,we report macroscopic graphene-based films with high mechanical strength and electrical conductivity(1.70±0.05 GPa and 1170±60 S cm^(-1))obtained by introducing a covalent conjugating aromatic amide group to bridge graphene edges.The bridging was achieved by reacting a doctor-bladed GO film with 1,2,4,5-benzenetetraamine hydrochloride followed by chemical reduction.Impact load tests demonstrated efficient stress transfer in these films,with stress spread uniformly well beyond the impact area.This is in sharp contrast to previously reported films,which showed the immediate initiation of cracks followed by crack extension in random directions.Our conducting films achieved a shielding effectiveness of 114.1 dB for a 120μm thick film,and the specific shielding effectiveness was calculated to be 67.9 dB cm^(3) g^(-1),which significantly exceeds those of currently known shielding materials as well as graphene films synthesized under similar conditions without thermal annealing.Owing to the graphene films’mechanical robustness,the shielding performance was maintained even after repeated folding.展开更多
Deformable batteries with compressive and impact-buffered abilities are essential for enhancing battery safety.However,existing compressible electrodes often face limited physical deformation and generate high stress,...Deformable batteries with compressive and impact-buffered abilities are essential for enhancing battery safety.However,existing compressible electrodes often face limited physical deformation and generate high stress,leading to package bulges of batteries.Here,we present a metamaterial-inspired design to develop negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR)structural electrodes using a directional freezing 3D printing-assisted strategy.This approach incorporates both macroscopic NPR structures and microscopic directional porous structures,which enhances ion transport,improves compressibility and provides impact resistance,effectively preventing package bulges during compression.Consequently,the electrodes demonstrate a high 50%compressible deformation and recover their original state even after 50 cycles of 25%compression.The 3D-printed lithium iron phosphate cathodes deliver a high average specific capacity of 153 mAh/g over 100 cycles and exhibit outstanding rate capability.Furthermore,the assembled full cell maintains both excellent compressibility and impact-buffered resistance,highlighting its potential applications.This innovative design of NPR metamaterial-structured electrodes provides a universal platform for developing the next generation of impact-buffered,compressible structural batteries.展开更多
This paper presents an energy resolution study of the JUNO experiment,incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase.The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an ...This paper presents an energy resolution study of the JUNO experiment,incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase.The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV.To achieve this ambitious goal,significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector.Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution,extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons,such as the properties of the liquid scintillator,performance of photomultiplier tubes,and the energy reconstruction algorithm.To account for these effects,a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed.This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution.The results of this study reveal an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 Mev.Furthermore,this study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget.This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data collection.Moreover,it provides a guideline for comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors.展开更多
Rare earth permanent magnets(REPMs)with both localized moments and itinerant conduction bands are not only important for fundamental research but also have significant technological applications.In particular,Sm2Co17i...Rare earth permanent magnets(REPMs)with both localized moments and itinerant conduction bands are not only important for fundamental research but also have significant technological applications.In particular,Sm2Co17is a prototypical hightemperture REPM,where the Co atoms form a kagome-honeycomb stacked lattice.Here we report the synthesis of epitaxial Sm_(2)Co_(17)films using molecular beam epitaxy and measurements of their momentum-resolved electronic structure from in-situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.Our results unveil two flat bands from Co 3d orbitals near the Fermi level(EF),one at ~-300 me V and another right at E_(F),which arise from orbital-selective destructive interference and strong electron correlations,respectively.In addition,our results reveal that Sm 4f states are far away from E_(F)(hence mostly localized)and exhibit an anomalous temperature dependence,caused by the 3d-4f magnetic coupling.Our findings provide direct spectroscopic insights to understand the strong uniaxial ferromagnetism in Sm_(2)Co_(17)(and REPMs alike).Our work also opens avenues to explore flatband physics near E_(F) and emergent phenomena in correlated kagome-honeycomb lattices.展开更多
Intermittent fasting(IF)is increasingly recognized as an effective dietary intervention for slowing aging process and alleviating metabolic disturbances in multiple chronic diseases,especially in cardiovascular diseas...Intermittent fasting(IF)is increasingly recognized as an effective dietary intervention for slowing aging process and alleviating metabolic disturbances in multiple chronic diseases,especially in cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).Despite recent progress,the mechanisms behind its effects on cardiovascular health from the perspective of circadian rhythms are not yet fully understood.This review aims to explore the interaction between IF and circadian rhythms,focusing on their combined effects on cardiometabolic risks and cardiovascular outcomes.Evidence from animal models and clinical trials suggests that IF provides protective effects against cardiac damage and dysfunction.It is also indicated that IF influences key cardiometabolic risk factors,such as insulin sensitivity,inflammation,and lipid metabolism,by aligning with the intrinsic biological rhythms.Additionally,we discuss the therapeutic potential of IF in cardiovascular outcomes,particularly in individuals with circadian disruptions.This review also highlights future research directions to identify the most effective fasting protocols and assess the long-term cardiovascular benefits of IF in disease prevention and treatment.展开更多
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China.This paper presents an updated estimate of JUNO’s sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering usin...The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China.This paper presents an updated estimate of JUNO’s sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering using the reactor antineutrinos emitted from eight nuclear reactor cores in the Taishan and Yangjiang nuclear power plants.This measurement is planned by studying the fine interference pattern caused by quasi-vacuum oscillations in the oscillated antineutrino spectrum at a baseline of 52.5 km and is completely independent of the CP violating phase and neutrino mixing angleθ_(23).The sensitivity is obtained through a joint analysis of JUNO and Taishan Antineutrino Observatory(TAO)detectors utilizing the best available knowledge to date about the location and overburden of the JUNO experimental site,local and global nuclear reactors,JUNO and TAO detector responses,expected event rates and spectra of signals and backgrounds,and systematic uncertainties of analysis inputs.We find that a 3σmedian sensitivity to reject the wrong mass ordering hypothesis can be reached with an exposure of about 6.5 years×26.6 GW thermal power.展开更多
The development of strategies to inhibit structural degradation and surface side reactions is the key to promoting the large-scale application of lithiumrich manganese-based cathode materials Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13...The development of strategies to inhibit structural degradation and surface side reactions is the key to promoting the large-scale application of lithiumrich manganese-based cathode materials Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_(2)(LMNCO).Herein,LMNCO was triply modified from the inside to the outside,by bulk doping of Mo6+,fabricating oxygen vacancies(OVs)defects,and surface coating of S,N-doped carbon nanolayers(SNCN).The integration of Mo6+doping and OVs defects widens and stabilizes the Li+diffusion channel,and the surface coating of SNCN provides additional electrons for LMNCO in the conduction band region,achieving a simultaneous improvement in both ionic and electronic conductivity.Meanwhile,Mo^(6+)doping and OVs mitigate the irreversible phase transitions caused by oxygen loss and transition metal(TM)out-of-plane migration,while SNCN inhibits the corrosion of the electrolyte on the material surface and enhances the stability of the surface structure.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of these modifications,the structural evolution of the modified material is highly reversible,and the layered structure remains intact during repeated lithiation/delithiation processes,while the mechanical properties of material are also improved,effectively suppressing crack generation and TM dissolution.As a result,at room temperature(25℃),the modified cathode demonstrates a high capacity retention of 94.6%after 200 cycles at 1 C,and a high rate capacity of 161.0 mAh·g^(-1) at 5 C.Especially,under harsh conditions,the capacity retention is 76.3%after 150 cycles at 55℃ and 1 C.This work provides a new solution for developing advanced LMNCO cathode materials.展开更多
Disruption of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species （mitoROS） plays a major role in cancer cell apoptosis. Here, we designed a core/shell-structured mitochondriatargeting upconversion-based nano-photosensitizer （TP...Disruption of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species （mitoROS） plays a major role in cancer cell apoptosis. Here, we designed a core/shell-structured mitochondriatargeting upconversion-based nano-photosensitizer （TPP-UC（PS）） with a lanthanidedoped upconversion nanoparticle （UCNP） core coated by a photosensitizer （PS）-incorporated dense silica shell. Following irradiation with external nearinfrared laser （NIR）, TPP-UC（PS） in mitochondria caused serious mitochondrial matrix swelling for the activated upconversion-based photodynamic therapy （UC-PDT）, and the mobilization of cytochrome c （cyt c） was amplified in response to the increased mitoROS. Specifically, this heme-containing cyt c could be monitored by varying TPP-UC（PS）＇s upconversion luminescence signal （UCL）, which may facilitate the in situ detection of cyt c for apoptosis research. As a proof of concept, our designed TPP-UC（PS） may provide significant opportunities for controlling cancer cell apoptosis under NIR stimulation and for studying apoptosis using the dynamic UCL, which is influenced by local cyt c.展开更多
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42377004 and 41991334)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 226-2025-0004)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System (No. CARS-01)the opportunity granted by the China Scholarship Council (No. 202406320448)
文摘Understanding bacterial strategies for coping with heavy metal stress is essential for elucidating their resilience in contaminated environments.However,whether cell wall exfoliation contributes to bacterial tolerance under heavy metal stress,such as cadmium(Cd)exposure,remains unclear and requires further investigation.In this study,we reveal a novel self-protective mechanism in Stenotrophomonas sp.H225 isolated from a Cd-contaminated farmland soil,which underwent controlled cell wall exfoliation and regeneration in response to Cd stress up to 200 mg L^(-1).Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses revealed that the exfoliated cell wall fragments served as extracellular Cd sinks,thereby reducing intracellular Cd accumulation.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated progressive peptidoglycan(PG)degradation,with exfoliated PG concentration in solution increasing from 148 ng mL^(-1) at 0 mg L^(-1) Cd to 240 ng mL^(-1) at 200 mg L^(-1) Cd.This degradation was counteracted by the compensatory upregulation of PG biosynthesis genes,with the enrichment ratio reaching up to 0.83,facilitating cell wall reconstruction.Transcriptomic analysis and gene knockout experiments identified mtgA(encoding a monofunctional transglycosylase)as a key determinant in cell wall repair and Cd resistance.To our knowledge,this is the first mechanistic evidence that bacteria can mitigate heavy metal toxicity through dynamic cell wall remodeling involving exfoliation and regeneration.This finding enhances our understanding of microbial survival strategies under environmental stress and highlights potential targets for engineering metal-tolerant strains for bioremediation applications.
文摘Interactions involving chemical reagents,solid particles,gas bubbles,liquid droplets,and solid surfaces in complex fluids play a vital role in many engineering processes,such as froth flotation,emulsion and foam formation,adsorption,and fouling and anti-fouling phenomena.These interactions at the molecular,nano-,and micro scale significantly influence and determine the macroscopic performance and efficiency of related engineering processes.Understanding the intermolecular and surface interactions in engineering processes is of both fundamental and practical importance,which not only improves production technologies,but also provides valuable insights into the development of new materials.In this review,the typical intermolecular and surface interactions involved in various engineering processes,including Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek(DLVO)interactions(i.e.,van der Waals and electrical doublelayer interactions)and non-DLVO interactions,such as steric and hydrophobic interactions,are first introduced.Nanomechanical techniques such as atomic force microscopy and surface forces apparatus for quantifying the interaction forces of molecules and surfaces in complex fluids are briefly introduced.Our recent progress on characterizing the intermolecular and surface interactions in several engineering systems are reviewed,including mineral flotation,petroleum engineering,wastewater treatment,and energy storage materials.The correlation of these fundamental interaction mechanisms with practical applications in resolving engineering challenges and the perspectives of the research field have also been discussed.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China ( 2018YFB1501704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22078018)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2222016)。
文摘The selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) into 2,5-diformylfuran(DFF) is an important reaction for renewable biomass building blocks. Compared with thermal catalytic processes, photocatalytic production of DFF from HMF has attracted tremendous attention. Herein, the MoS_(2)/CdIn_(2)S_(4)(MC)flower-like heterojunctions were prepared and considered as photocatalysts for selective oxidation of HMF into DFF under visible-light irradiation in aqueous solution. Results demonstrated MoS_(2) in MC heterojunction could promote the separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs, while the amount of MoS_(2) dropping was proved influenced on the photocatalytic performance. 80.93% of DFF selectivity was realized when using 12.5% MC as photocatalyst. In addition, the MC catalyst also showed great potential in transformation of other biomass derived benzyl-and furyl-alcohols. The catalytic mechanism suggested that ·O_(2)^(-) was the decisive active radical for HMF oxidation. Therefore, the MC heterojunction could be applied in photocatalytic conversion of biomass to valuable chemicals under ambient condition.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFC3401500 and 2020YFA0803201 to P.W.,and 2021YFA1302200 to L.F.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31830053,31920103007,and 82341028 to P.W.+1 种基金82122056,82073153,and 31871398 to L.F.and 31900568 to P.W.)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.22ZR1450700 to Z.J.W.)。
文摘The intricate interplay between the human immune system and cancer development underscores the central role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment.Within this landscape,the innate immune system,a critical sentinel protecting against tumor incursion,is a key player.The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(c GAS)and stimulator of interferon genes(STING)pathway has been found to be a linchpin of innate immunity:activation of this signaling pathway orchestrates the production of type I interferon(IFN-α/β),thus fostering the maturation,differentiation,and mobilization of immune effectors in the tumor microenvironment.Furthermore,STING activation facilitates the release and presentation of tumor antigens,and therefore is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy.Current strategies to activate the STING pathway,including use of pharmacological agonists,have made substantial advancements,particularly when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors.These approaches have shown promise in preclinical and clinical settings,by enhancing patient survival rates.This review describes the evolving understanding of the c GAS-STING pathway's involvement in tumor biology and therapy.Moreover,this review explores classical and non-classical STING agonists,providing insights into their mechanisms of action and potential for optimizing immunotherapy strategies.Despite challenges and complexities,the c GAS-STING pathway,a promising avenue for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy,has the potential to revolutionize patient outcomes.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research&Development Program under Grant No.2018YFC0809702。
文摘Nowadays, most positioning systems carry out locational calculation based on the accurate location information of some devices in the network. However there is a deviation in the locational information of the part of the device, we need to reduce it in order to obtain higher positioning accuracy. In this paper, we proposed a new centralized D2D(Device-to-Device) co-location algorithm. This algorithm uses DBSACN(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) clustering to reduce the deviation of device location information. Numerical results show that the positioning accuracy of the centralized D2D co-localization algorithm is improved by 62.7% compared with the SPAWN algorithm, which positioning performance superior to the traditional co-localization algorithm.
基金supported by the National Key Projects for Research and Development of China (Grant No.2021YFA1400400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12174029 and 11922402)+3 种基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFA1402200)the Pioneer and Leading Goose Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province,China (Grant No.2022SDX-HDX0005)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province,China (Grant No.2021C01002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12274363)。
文摘The kagome superconductor CsV_(3)Sb_(5) with exotic electronic properties has attracted substantial research interest,and the interplay between the superconductivity and the charge-density wave is crucial for understanding its unusual electronic ground state.In this work,we performed resistivity and AC magnetic susceptibility measurements on CsV_(3)Sb_(5) single crystals uniaxially-strained along[100]and[110]directions.We find that the uniaxial-strain tuning effect of T_(c)(dT_(c)/dε)and T_(CDW)(dT_(CDW)/dε)are almost identical along these distinct high-symmetry directions.These findings suggest the in-plane uniaxial-strain-tuning of T_(c) and T_(CDW)in CsV_(3)Sb_(5) are dominated by associated c-axis strain,whereas the response to purely in-plane strains is likely small.
基金supported by the Pioneer and Leading Goose R&D Program of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2022SDXHDX0005)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1402200 and 2023YFA1406100)+2 种基金the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2021C01002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12034017,12274363,and 12350710785)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.226-2024-00068).
文摘Strongly correlated electrons at the verge of quantum criticality give rise to unconventional phases of matter and behaviors,with the discovery of new quantum-critical materials driving synergistic experimental and theoretical advances.In this paper,we report the structural and physical properties of a new quaternary Ce-based heavy fermion compound,Ce_(2)NiAl_(6)Si_(5),which was synthesized via the self-flux method.This compound forms a layered tetragonal structure(space group P4/nmm)with square nets of Ce atoms separated by Si-Al or Ni-Si-Ge layers.Specific heat measurements show a low-temperature Sommerfeld coefficient of 1.4 J/mol-Ce・K^(2)with reduced entropy,indicative of significant Kondo interactions.Below 0.6 K,an increase in resistivity and a deviation in magnetic susceptibility suggest the appearance of magnetic ordering or the development of dynamic magnetic correlations,which is further supported by a bulge in the specific heat around 0.4 K.The findings of this study suggest that Ce_(2)NiAl_(6)Si_(5)is a layered heavy fermion metal naturally located near a spin-density-wave quantum critical point.
文摘It has been discussed whether reduced glutathione (GSH) could promote the chondrogenic differentiation ability of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). hUC-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord and their specificity was identified, then induced into cartilage-like cells in chondrogenic induction medium with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), especially with GSH. The morphological change before and after induction was observed through inverted phase contrast microscope, Type II collagen (COL2-A1) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were analyzed qualitatively by Toluidine blue and immunofluorescence technique, respectively, the contents of COL2-A1 and GAG were estimated from the determination of hydroxyproline content and Alcian Blue method separately. The mRNA expressions of GAG and COL2-A1 were assayed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. After continuously cultured for 21 days with GSH, Toluidine blue staining and immunofluorescence reaction were all positive in basic induction medium group (group B), basic induction medium +0.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) group (group BD) and basic induction medium +0.5% DMSO +500 μM GSH group (group BDG). Moreover, compared with group B and group BD, the contents of COL2-A1 and GAG in group BDG relatively increased and the mRNA expression level of COL2-A1 and GAG also comparatively increased (P < 0.05) and both had a significant statistical significance (P < 0.05). So GSH might promote the induction of hUC-MSCs to differentiate into cartilage-like cells.
文摘Objective:To systematically evaluate the effects of Shenfu Injection on immune function of sepsis patients by meta-analysis.Methods:The randomized controlled trials of Shenfu Injection in the treatment of sepsis published from 2000 to February 2021 were searched in CNKI,WanFang database and VIP database.The control group was treated with routine treatment;The experimental group was treated with Shenfu Injection on the basis of routine treatment.The included literature was evaluated by Cochrane bias risk evaluation table,and Shenfu Injection was used to treat patients with sepsis with RevMan 5.3 software.The results of meta-analysis were as reported.Conclusion:However,due to the limitation of the quality and quantity of the included research,multi center,large sample volume and high-quality RCT are still needed to verify the research results.
基金supported by the Henan Provincial Social Science Planning Decision-Making Consultation Project under Grant No.2024JC123General Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province under Grant No.2026-ZZJH-066+1 种基金Zhengzhou Railway Group Corporation Science and Technology Research and Development Plan under Grant No.2025KY08School-level Project of Zhengzhou Railway Vocational Technology College under Grant No.2025KY021.
文摘The increasing popularity of information technology has generated many innovative product marketing strategies.To facilitate the sustainable development of the probabilistic selling strategy,we developed a game-theoretic model incorporating a manufacturer and a retailer to explore whether and when they should implement a probabilistic product and examine its effect on supply chain performance in vertically differentiated markets.First,the marketing strategy preference is closely related to product quality differentiation and the demand cannibalization effect.While a retailer benefits from adopting probabilistic selling(PS)regardless of quality differentiation,the manufacturer prefers traditional selling(TS)under certain market conditions.Second,the PS strategy increases the retailer’s profit from low-quality products by adjusting prices,though the manufacturer benefits only under certain conditions.Third,demand cannibalization intensifies with weak quality differentiation and low wholesale price discount,and a“win-win”situation is achieved only when product heterogeneity is limited.Furthermore,we provide managerial implications for supply chain members when PS is employed as a marketing strategy.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China[2022YFC2704204]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[82272334 and 82472281]the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai[22ZR1450700].
文摘Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that are essential for cellular energy generation,metabolic regulation,and signal transduction.Their structural complexity enables adaptive responses to diverse physiological demands.In cancer,mitochondria orchestrate multiple cellular processes critical to tumor development.Metabolic reprogramming enables cancer cells to exploit aerobic glycolysis,glutamine metabolism,and lipid alterations,supporting uncontrolled growth,survival,and treatment resistance.Genetic and epigenetic alterations in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA disrupt oxidative phosphorylation,tricarboxylic acid cycle dynamics,and redox homeostasis,driving oncogenic progression.Mitochondrial dysfunction in tumors is highly heterogeneous,influencing disease phenotypes and treatment responses across cancer types.Within the tumor microenvironment,mitochondria profoundly impact immune responses by modulating T-cell survival and function,macrophage polarization,NK cell cytotoxicity,and neutrophil activation.They also mediate stromal cell functions,particularly in cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor endothelial cells.Although targeting mitochondrial function represents a promising therapeutic strategy,mitochondrial heterogeneity and adaptive resistance mechanisms complicate interventional approaches.Advances in mitochondrial genome editing,proteomics,and circulating mitochondrial DNA analysis have enhanced tumor diagnostic precision.This review synthesizes the developmental landscape of mitochondrial research in cancer,comprehensively summarizing mitochondrial structural dynamics,metabolic plasticity,signaling networks,and interactions with the tumor microenvironment.Finally,we discuss the translational challenges in developing effective mitochondria-based cancer interventions.
基金support from the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(52425310)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173288).
文摘Macroscopic films assembled from graphene sheets could be ideal for lightweight and flexible electromagnetic interference shielding applications if the excellent mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of individual graphene can be replicated on the macroscale.However,in practice,a large performance gap remains between individual graphene and graphene-based macroscopic films.In this work,we report macroscopic graphene-based films with high mechanical strength and electrical conductivity(1.70±0.05 GPa and 1170±60 S cm^(-1))obtained by introducing a covalent conjugating aromatic amide group to bridge graphene edges.The bridging was achieved by reacting a doctor-bladed GO film with 1,2,4,5-benzenetetraamine hydrochloride followed by chemical reduction.Impact load tests demonstrated efficient stress transfer in these films,with stress spread uniformly well beyond the impact area.This is in sharp contrast to previously reported films,which showed the immediate initiation of cracks followed by crack extension in random directions.Our conducting films achieved a shielding effectiveness of 114.1 dB for a 120μm thick film,and the specific shielding effectiveness was calculated to be 67.9 dB cm^(3) g^(-1),which significantly exceeds those of currently known shielding materials as well as graphene films synthesized under similar conditions without thermal annealing.Owing to the graphene films’mechanical robustness,the shielding performance was maintained even after repeated folding.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3807200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22109021)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,Major Project(BK20222005)the Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University(RF1028623150)the Taihu Lake Innovation Fund for the School of Future Technology of Southeast University.
文摘Deformable batteries with compressive and impact-buffered abilities are essential for enhancing battery safety.However,existing compressible electrodes often face limited physical deformation and generate high stress,leading to package bulges of batteries.Here,we present a metamaterial-inspired design to develop negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR)structural electrodes using a directional freezing 3D printing-assisted strategy.This approach incorporates both macroscopic NPR structures and microscopic directional porous structures,which enhances ion transport,improves compressibility and provides impact resistance,effectively preventing package bulges during compression.Consequently,the electrodes demonstrate a high 50%compressible deformation and recover their original state even after 50 cycles of 25%compression.The 3D-printed lithium iron phosphate cathodes deliver a high average specific capacity of 153 mAh/g over 100 cycles and exhibit outstanding rate capability.Furthermore,the assembled full cell maintains both excellent compressibility and impact-buffered resistance,highlighting its potential applications.This innovative design of NPR metamaterial-structured electrodes provides a universal platform for developing the next generation of impact-buffered,compressible structural batteries.
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Key R&D Program of China+20 种基金the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,Wuyi Universitythe Tsung-Dao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in Chinathe Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules(IN2P3)in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN)in Italythe Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFCthe Fond de la Recherche Scientifique(F.R.S-FNRS)FWO under the"Excellence of Science-EOS"in Belgiumthe Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnològico in Brazilthe Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo and ANID Millennium Science Initiative Program—ICN2019_044 in Chilethe Charles University Research Centre and the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republicthe Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)the Helmholtz Associationthe Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+in Germanythe Joint Institute of Nuclear Research(JINR)Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russiathe joint Russian Science Foundation(RSF)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)research programthe MOST and MOE in Taiwan,Chinathe Chulalongkorn University and Suranaree University of Technology in Thailandthe University of California at Irvinethe National Science Foundation in USA。
文摘This paper presents an energy resolution study of the JUNO experiment,incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase.The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV.To achieve this ambitious goal,significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector.Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution,extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons,such as the properties of the liquid scintillator,performance of photomultiplier tubes,and the energy reconstruction algorithm.To account for these effects,a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed.This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution.The results of this study reveal an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 Mev.Furthermore,this study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget.This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data collection.Moreover,it provides a guideline for comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1402200,2023YFA1406303 and 2022YFA1403202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174331,12350710785 and 12274353)+4 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2021C01002)the State Key Project of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LZ22A040007)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.LGG22E020006 and LDG25A040001)Centro Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)(Grant No.404312/2024-1)S?o Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)(Garnt No.2018/08845-3)。
文摘Rare earth permanent magnets(REPMs)with both localized moments and itinerant conduction bands are not only important for fundamental research but also have significant technological applications.In particular,Sm2Co17is a prototypical hightemperture REPM,where the Co atoms form a kagome-honeycomb stacked lattice.Here we report the synthesis of epitaxial Sm_(2)Co_(17)films using molecular beam epitaxy and measurements of their momentum-resolved electronic structure from in-situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.Our results unveil two flat bands from Co 3d orbitals near the Fermi level(EF),one at ~-300 me V and another right at E_(F),which arise from orbital-selective destructive interference and strong electron correlations,respectively.In addition,our results reveal that Sm 4f states are far away from E_(F)(hence mostly localized)and exhibit an anomalous temperature dependence,caused by the 3d-4f magnetic coupling.Our findings provide direct spectroscopic insights to understand the strong uniaxial ferromagnetism in Sm_(2)Co_(17)(and REPMs alike).Our work also opens avenues to explore flatband physics near E_(F) and emergent phenomena in correlated kagome-honeycomb lattices.
基金supported by the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0503204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82421001,823B2005,824B1015,82230014,81930007,and 32100426)+8 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2502300 and 2022YFE0103500)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(81625002)the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(2022JC013,2023ZZ02021,GWVI-11.1-26,and 2022ZZ01008)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22JC1402100,22DZ2292400,and 20YF1426100)the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(SHSMU-ZDCX20210700)the Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning,the Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai(SHSMUZDCX20210700)(Project 2021-01-07-00-02-E00083)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-C023)the Medical-Engineering Joint Funds of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(YG2022QN107)the Pudong New District Health Commission(PW2023E-02).
文摘Intermittent fasting(IF)is increasingly recognized as an effective dietary intervention for slowing aging process and alleviating metabolic disturbances in multiple chronic diseases,especially in cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).Despite recent progress,the mechanisms behind its effects on cardiovascular health from the perspective of circadian rhythms are not yet fully understood.This review aims to explore the interaction between IF and circadian rhythms,focusing on their combined effects on cardiometabolic risks and cardiovascular outcomes.Evidence from animal models and clinical trials suggests that IF provides protective effects against cardiac damage and dysfunction.It is also indicated that IF influences key cardiometabolic risk factors,such as insulin sensitivity,inflammation,and lipid metabolism,by aligning with the intrinsic biological rhythms.Additionally,we discuss the therapeutic potential of IF in cardiovascular outcomes,particularly in individuals with circadian disruptions.This review also highlights future research directions to identify the most effective fasting protocols and assess the long-term cardiovascular benefits of IF in disease prevention and treatment.
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the National Key R&D Program of Chinathe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,Wuyi University,and the TsungDao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China+3 种基金the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules(IN2P3)in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN)in Italy,the Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFC,the Fond de la Recherche Scientifique(F.R.S-FNRS)and FWO under the“Excellence of Science–EOS”in Belgium,the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient´ıfico e Tecnol`ogico in Brazil,the Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo and ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-ICN2019_044 in Chilethe Charles University Research Centre and the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republic,the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)the Helmholtz Association,and the Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+in Germany,the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research(JINR)and Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russia,the joint Russian Science Foundation(RSF)and National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)research program,the MOST and MOE in Taiwan,China,the Chulalongkorn University and Suranaree University of Technology in Thailand,University of California at Irvine and the National Science Foundation in the US。
文摘The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China.This paper presents an updated estimate of JUNO’s sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering using the reactor antineutrinos emitted from eight nuclear reactor cores in the Taishan and Yangjiang nuclear power plants.This measurement is planned by studying the fine interference pattern caused by quasi-vacuum oscillations in the oscillated antineutrino spectrum at a baseline of 52.5 km and is completely independent of the CP violating phase and neutrino mixing angleθ_(23).The sensitivity is obtained through a joint analysis of JUNO and Taishan Antineutrino Observatory(TAO)detectors utilizing the best available knowledge to date about the location and overburden of the JUNO experimental site,local and global nuclear reactors,JUNO and TAO detector responses,expected event rates and spectra of signals and backgrounds,and systematic uncertainties of analysis inputs.We find that a 3σmedian sensitivity to reject the wrong mass ordering hypothesis can be reached with an exposure of about 6.5 years×26.6 GW thermal power.
基金supported by Key Research and Development Program of Gansu(No.24YFGA025)Joint Research Foundation of Gansu(No.21JRRA832)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22269012)Gansu Provincial Department of Education:Graduate Student“Innovation Star”Project(No.2025CXZX532).
文摘The development of strategies to inhibit structural degradation and surface side reactions is the key to promoting the large-scale application of lithiumrich manganese-based cathode materials Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_(2)(LMNCO).Herein,LMNCO was triply modified from the inside to the outside,by bulk doping of Mo6+,fabricating oxygen vacancies(OVs)defects,and surface coating of S,N-doped carbon nanolayers(SNCN).The integration of Mo6+doping and OVs defects widens and stabilizes the Li+diffusion channel,and the surface coating of SNCN provides additional electrons for LMNCO in the conduction band region,achieving a simultaneous improvement in both ionic and electronic conductivity.Meanwhile,Mo^(6+)doping and OVs mitigate the irreversible phase transitions caused by oxygen loss and transition metal(TM)out-of-plane migration,while SNCN inhibits the corrosion of the electrolyte on the material surface and enhances the stability of the surface structure.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of these modifications,the structural evolution of the modified material is highly reversible,and the layered structure remains intact during repeated lithiation/delithiation processes,while the mechanical properties of material are also improved,effectively suppressing crack generation and TM dissolution.As a result,at room temperature(25℃),the modified cathode demonstrates a high capacity retention of 94.6%after 200 cycles at 1 C,and a high rate capacity of 161.0 mAh·g^(-1) at 5 C.Especially,under harsh conditions,the capacity retention is 76.3%after 150 cycles at 55℃ and 1 C.This work provides a new solution for developing advanced LMNCO cathode materials.
基金This work has been financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 51372260, 51132009, and 81471714）, and the Shanghai Excellent Academic Leaders Program （No. 16XD1404000）. Thanks to Linlin Zhang, Heliang Yao, Qingfeng Xiao,Huaiyong Xing, Wenpei Fan, Zhaowen Cui, Li Jiang, and Jianan Liu from Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences for useful discussions.
文摘Disruption of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species （mitoROS） plays a major role in cancer cell apoptosis. Here, we designed a core/shell-structured mitochondriatargeting upconversion-based nano-photosensitizer （TPP-UC（PS）） with a lanthanidedoped upconversion nanoparticle （UCNP） core coated by a photosensitizer （PS）-incorporated dense silica shell. Following irradiation with external nearinfrared laser （NIR）, TPP-UC（PS） in mitochondria caused serious mitochondrial matrix swelling for the activated upconversion-based photodynamic therapy （UC-PDT）, and the mobilization of cytochrome c （cyt c） was amplified in response to the increased mitoROS. Specifically, this heme-containing cyt c could be monitored by varying TPP-UC（PS）＇s upconversion luminescence signal （UCL）, which may facilitate the in situ detection of cyt c for apoptosis research. As a proof of concept, our designed TPP-UC（PS） may provide significant opportunities for controlling cancer cell apoptosis under NIR stimulation and for studying apoptosis using the dynamic UCL, which is influenced by local cyt c.
