BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium(POD)is a common and serious complication in surgical patients,particularly older adults.Alterations in cholinergic function have been implicated in its pathophysiology.AIM To evaluate...BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium(POD)is a common and serious complication in surgical patients,particularly older adults.Alterations in cholinergic function have been implicated in its pathophysiology.AIM To evaluate the association between preoperative serum cholinesterase(ChE)activity—specifically butyrylcholinesterase(BuChE)and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)—and the risk of POD in adult surgical patients in a meta-analysis.METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science up to March 28,2025 for studies reporting preoperative serum BuChE or AChE activity in relation to subsequent POD incidence.Standardized mean differences(SMDs)and odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were pooled using random-effects models.Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed based on follow-up duration and analytic models.RESULTS Thirteen studies(n=2730 patients)were included.Patients who developed POD had significantly lower preoperative BuChE activity than those who did not(SMD=-0.28;95%CI:-0.39 to-0.16;I²=18%).Higher BuChE activity was associated with a reduced risk of POD(OR per 100 unit increment=0.97;95%CI:0.95-0.99;I2=0%).In contrast,pooled AChE activity did not differ significantly between POD and non-POD groups(SMD=-0.25;95%CI:-0.53 to 0.03;P=0.08;I2=80%),and the ORs per 1 unit increment in AChE activity were not statistically significant(OR=0.98;95%CI:0.95-1.01).CONCLUSION Lower preoperative serum BuChE activity is associated with an increased risk of POD in adults undergoing surgery.BuChE activity may serve as a potential preoperative biomarker for POD risk stratification.展开更多
钻孔注浆封孔作为瓦斯抽采的主要技术手段之一,封孔质量的优劣直接决定着抽采效果的好坏。为提高注浆堵漏效果,将所采集岩样进行钻孔割缝,并对不同割缝数量的岩样进行注浆封堵,制成割缝注浆试样。基于煤岩三轴压缩试验系统,对试样进行...钻孔注浆封孔作为瓦斯抽采的主要技术手段之一,封孔质量的优劣直接决定着抽采效果的好坏。为提高注浆堵漏效果,将所采集岩样进行钻孔割缝,并对不同割缝数量的岩样进行注浆封堵,制成割缝注浆试样。基于煤岩三轴压缩试验系统,对试样进行三轴压缩力学测试,得到不同割缝数量注浆试样的抗压强度。通过工业CT扫描设备对压缩后试样进行扫描,得到试样破坏后的二维裂隙网络特征,利用AVIZO图像分析软件对不同试样CT扫描结果进行识别,分析不同试样压缩后裂隙的二维发育特征,同时利用VG Studio MAX图像分析处理软件进行三维重构,分析试样割缝数量与裂隙率、分形维数和欧拉数的相关性。结果表明:割缝数量直接影响钻孔注浆试样的力学性质,随着割缝数量的增多,试样强度呈减弱趋势;根据破坏试样的工业CT扫描结果,分析裂隙发育情况及裂隙网络的复杂性和连通性发现,割缝对受载注浆体的裂隙发育扩展具有导向作用,孔裂隙发育的优势角度为±45°,且该方向裂隙发育较为突出;随着割缝数量的增加,裂隙率和三维分形维数呈线性增大,欧拉数则随着钻孔割缝数量的增加呈线性减小;钻孔割缝注浆有利于提高封孔质量,但割缝数量过多会劣化封孔质量。展开更多
An efficient copper-catalyzed regioselective acyloxy-trifluoromethylation of allenamides using Togni'sⅡreagent as the source of both the trifluoromethyl and acyloxy moieties was developed to create a workable rou...An efficient copper-catalyzed regioselective acyloxy-trifluoromethylation of allenamides using Togni'sⅡreagent as the source of both the trifluoromethyl and acyloxy moieties was developed to create a workable route to CF_(3)-substituted allylic esters.The reaction exhibited good functional group tolerance and high efficiency,affording the products in moderate to good yields.Mechanistic investigations indicated a radical process was likely involved in this transformation.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium(POD)is a common and serious complication in surgical patients,particularly older adults.Alterations in cholinergic function have been implicated in its pathophysiology.AIM To evaluate the association between preoperative serum cholinesterase(ChE)activity—specifically butyrylcholinesterase(BuChE)and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)—and the risk of POD in adult surgical patients in a meta-analysis.METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science up to March 28,2025 for studies reporting preoperative serum BuChE or AChE activity in relation to subsequent POD incidence.Standardized mean differences(SMDs)and odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were pooled using random-effects models.Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed based on follow-up duration and analytic models.RESULTS Thirteen studies(n=2730 patients)were included.Patients who developed POD had significantly lower preoperative BuChE activity than those who did not(SMD=-0.28;95%CI:-0.39 to-0.16;I²=18%).Higher BuChE activity was associated with a reduced risk of POD(OR per 100 unit increment=0.97;95%CI:0.95-0.99;I2=0%).In contrast,pooled AChE activity did not differ significantly between POD and non-POD groups(SMD=-0.25;95%CI:-0.53 to 0.03;P=0.08;I2=80%),and the ORs per 1 unit increment in AChE activity were not statistically significant(OR=0.98;95%CI:0.95-1.01).CONCLUSION Lower preoperative serum BuChE activity is associated with an increased risk of POD in adults undergoing surgery.BuChE activity may serve as a potential preoperative biomarker for POD risk stratification.
文摘钻孔注浆封孔作为瓦斯抽采的主要技术手段之一,封孔质量的优劣直接决定着抽采效果的好坏。为提高注浆堵漏效果,将所采集岩样进行钻孔割缝,并对不同割缝数量的岩样进行注浆封堵,制成割缝注浆试样。基于煤岩三轴压缩试验系统,对试样进行三轴压缩力学测试,得到不同割缝数量注浆试样的抗压强度。通过工业CT扫描设备对压缩后试样进行扫描,得到试样破坏后的二维裂隙网络特征,利用AVIZO图像分析软件对不同试样CT扫描结果进行识别,分析不同试样压缩后裂隙的二维发育特征,同时利用VG Studio MAX图像分析处理软件进行三维重构,分析试样割缝数量与裂隙率、分形维数和欧拉数的相关性。结果表明:割缝数量直接影响钻孔注浆试样的力学性质,随着割缝数量的增多,试样强度呈减弱趋势;根据破坏试样的工业CT扫描结果,分析裂隙发育情况及裂隙网络的复杂性和连通性发现,割缝对受载注浆体的裂隙发育扩展具有导向作用,孔裂隙发育的优势角度为±45°,且该方向裂隙发育较为突出;随着割缝数量的增加,裂隙率和三维分形维数呈线性增大,欧拉数则随着钻孔割缝数量的增加呈线性减小;钻孔割缝注浆有利于提高封孔质量,但割缝数量过多会劣化封孔质量。
文摘An efficient copper-catalyzed regioselective acyloxy-trifluoromethylation of allenamides using Togni'sⅡreagent as the source of both the trifluoromethyl and acyloxy moieties was developed to create a workable route to CF_(3)-substituted allylic esters.The reaction exhibited good functional group tolerance and high efficiency,affording the products in moderate to good yields.Mechanistic investigations indicated a radical process was likely involved in this transformation.
