摘要
目的 研究分析北京城区 6 0岁以上老年人钙和铁的膳食来源。方法 采用整群随机抽样方法从北京四个城区获得调查对象 2 2 6 3人。用 2 4小时回顾法进行三天膳食调查 ,计算每人每日各种食物摄入量。将食物分为 18类 ,计算各类食物对调查对象钙和铁的贡献率。结果 奶类是钙的主要来源 ,贡献率 34 5 %。蔬菜、粮谷及豆类对钙的贡献率分别为 19 5 % ,14 5 %和 10 9%。北京市区老年人铁的主要来源是谷类、蔬菜、豆类等 ,其贡献率分别为 38 0 % ,13 7%和 7 2 %。膳食中肉、禽及鱼类供应的铁只占 12 8%。结论 从调查结果可见 ,近年来 ,北京城区老年人奶类消费量及钙摄入量已明显增加。但经常饮奶的人只占调查对象的三分之一 ,且钙的平均摄入量也仅达到适宜摄入量的 5 0 %。若能进一步改进高钙食物如酸奶、深色叶菜及各种风味豆制品的供应 ,将更有利于改善老年人钙的营养状况。植物性食物来源的铁主要为非血红素铁 ,其生物利用率很低 ,但大量增加老年人肉类的消费来提高膳食铁利用率的作法并不可取。因此 ,开发和推广铁强化食品来改善居民铁营养状况 ,不失为一种有效措施。
Objective To analyze the food sources of calcium and iron among the man and women aged 60 years or older from central districts of Beijing.Methods The subjects included 2263 elderly who were selected through random cluster-sampling from 4 central districts of Beijing. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall method was used to obtain their food intakes, and the intakes of calcium and iron from different food groups were calculated. Results Milk and milk products were the most important sources of calcium. Its contribution was 34.5%. The contribution of vegetables, cereals and legumes was 19.5%, 14.5%, and 10.9%, respectively. Grain products were the major food sources of iron in this study, 38.0% of total iron intake is derived from them. The contribution of vegetables and legumes is 13.7 and 7.2 percent respectively. Proportion of dietary iron from meat, poultry and fish is only 12.8%. Conclusion The calcium intake and milk consumption of Beijing elderly was significantly increased recently. But just only 1/3 of the subjects often take milk, and the average calcium intake is only about 1/2 of the recommended amount of adequate calcium intake for the elderly. It would be benefit for improving people's calcium nutritional status, if more variety food rich in calcium were available in the market. Iron from those plant sources are nonheme iron, their bioavailability is very low. For improving people's iron nutritional status, using iron fortification food may be a good choice.
出处
《卫生研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第3期336-338,共3页
Journal of Hygiene Research
关键词
老年人
钙
铁
食物来源
the elderly,calcium, iron, food sources
