摘要
煤矿开采结束后,矿区环境恢复是当前的紧迫任务。闭坑矿区的污染源较多,固体废弃物、残煤的自燃、地表植被的破坏等都会对周围大气环境产生严重污染。通过对某露天矿区的现场监测、检测结果显示污染物主要是总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化硫(SO2)和氮氧化物(NOx),而臭氧(O3)则符合国家环境空气质量标准。研究表明:TSP的含量远远超出二级国家环境空气质量标准。因此为主要污染物。在每年春夏之交和秋冬之交两个时期会出现两个污染高峰期,表现出明显的季节特征,与气象条件紧密相关;气体污染物高峰期均处在冬季前后,在每年的夏季浓度最低,并且它们的变化关系具有一定的相关性,变化规律基本相同;CO、SO2的浓度与烟雾出现次数呈正比关系,二者的变化规律基本相同,主要是由于残煤自燃引起的;由于远离汽车尾气污染的影响,NOx主要是由于农事活动和人为活动引起的;研究还发现冬季燃煤量的增加会对监测结果产生影响。同时,对煤矸石的再生利用进行了研究。由于这些方法不但变废为宝,而且用量大、可操作性强,具有广阔的应用前景,可以完全解决矿山固体废弃物对环境的污染问题,对净化矿区环境有良好的效果。
After finishing the coal mine,the environment recovering operation is the pressing mission in mining area at present.There are many pollution sources in the closed mining area.All the items such as solid discards,self-ignition of remainding coal and damage of surface vegetation,etc.may be come into grave pollution to the surrounding atmospheric circulation. By monitoring some opencast area,the test result shows that the key contaminants are total suspended particular (TSP),Carbon monoxide(CO),Sulfur dioxide(SO_2)and Nitrogen oxide(No_x),while Ozone(O_3)accords with the ambient air quality standard.Research makes known that the content of TSP extremely goes beyond grade Ⅱ ambient air quality standard,so TSP is the main contaminant and there are two peak of pollution in the intersecting periods of spring-summer and fall-winter every year,which expresses obviously season feature relating to weather condition.The peak of gas pollution lies in winter,and its lowest point lies in summer every year.The alteration of gas pollution has certain correlation and the alteration rule is the same essentially.The concentration of CO and SO_2 is in direct proportion to occurrence frequency of smoke,and alternation rule of CO and SO_2 is the same essentially,so self-ignition of remaining coal leads to the increase of concentration.Since far away from the effect of motors tail gas pollution,NO_(2x) is mainly caused by farming and other human activities.At the same time,the methods of using waste coal have been researched.These methods not only 'change waste into treasure',but also consume large amount of waste coal and can be easily operated.Therefore,they can completely solve the problems of pollution caused by solid discards.
出处
《中国地质灾害与防治学报》
CSCD
2004年第2期71-73,77,共4页
The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control
关键词
闭坑
矿区
空气污染
环境整治
总悬浮颗粒物
closed pit
mining area
air pollution
environment harness
total suspended particalar
