摘要
种子休眠是植物本身适应环境和延续生存的一种特性 ,是种子植物进化的一种稳定对策。野生植物特别是原产温带的植物 ,其种子大多有深而长的休眠期。关于种子休眠的概念有多种 ,这些概念引出了许多学说、假说和模型。种壳障碍、胚形态发育不完全和生理后熟以及种子中含有化学抑制剂等 ,都可导致种子休眠。根据不同的分类标准可将种子分成不同类型 ,一般将种子分为强迫休眠和机体休眠 ;机体休眠又可分为外部休眠、内部休眠和综合休眠。植物种类不同休眠特性也不同 ;同种植物的种子来源于不同的居群和植株时 ,若采集时期不同 ,其休眠也可能不同 ;甚至在同一果实中的不同种子 ,休眠特性亦可能有差异。影响休眠性状表达的基因既有核基因 ,也有质基因 ,休眠通常表现为一种受多基因控制的数量性状。种子休眠具有重要的生态学意义 ,能有效地调节种子萌发的时空分布。研究种子的休眠特性和机理及其解除方法 ,有助于农业生产和植物多样性保护。
Seed dormancy of many plants is a kind of specialization that has adapted them to the environment and to continue to live,and also is a evolutional stability strategy.Seeds of wild plants,especially,which live temperate zones,have very long and deep dormancy.There are lots of concepts of seed dormancy,and these concepts induce many theories and hypotheses and models.Husk obstruction,morphological embryo hypoplasia,physiological after-ripping,and chemical inhibitors in seeds all make seeds to be dormant.According to various criterions,seed dormancy could be classified into various categories,but dormancy was generally classified into exogenous,endogenous,and combinational dormancy.Causes of dormancy were complicated,and the seeds of different plant species had different characteristics of dormancy.There was variation in seed dormancy among the seeds from the same species because of various populations and individuals,periods for collecting and locations of mother plants.Moreover,there was difference among the seeds from the same fruit.Seed dormancy were generally quantitative traits influenced by a large number of genes including nuclear and plasmagene.Seed dormancy benefited regulating spatio-teporal distribution of seed germination.Studies on characteristics of seed dormancy and mechanism and on releasing methods of dormancy are very useful to agricultural production and plant-diversity conservation.This report summed up the research advances of mechanisms of seed dormancy in recent years.
出处
《云南植物研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第3期241-251,共11页
Acta Botanica Yunnanica
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目 (KSCX2 -SW - 1 1 7)
国家科技部基础性工作专项重点项目 (2 0 0 1DEA1 0 0 0 9)
国家自然科学基金 (30 1 70 1 0 2 )
云南省自然科学基金 (2 0 0 1C0 0 5 8M
2 0 0 1PY0 1 7)
关键词
种子
休眠
机理
植物
环境
生态学
Seed dormancy
Categories of seed dormancy
Concepts and theories of seed dormancy
Mechanism of seed dormancy
