摘要
海岸带是全球环境变化最为敏感的地区之一,其土地利用变化可引起多种资源与生态过程的改变。随着人口的增加以及经济的发展,盐城海岸带土地利用变化不断加剧,耕地和水域是其变化的2个核心。文章分析了该区土地利用及其变化对土壤环境、水环境以及生物多样性的生态效应,分析表明,滩涂在合理农业土地利用方式下可使土壤达到淋盐增肥的效果;入海河道污染负荷成倍增加,居民工矿用地扩展是导致盐城海岸带水环境质量下降的主要原因;因滩涂开发利用使生境压力增大、景观破碎化程度增加,威胁盐城海岸带生物多样性。
Coastal zone is one of the most sensitive regions to global environment change. Most of the physical phenomenon and ecological process changes in coastal zone took place because of the coastal land use changes. It is significant to study the coastal land use changes and their effects on the eco-environment for better understanding the regional eco-environment evolvement or global changes. With the increase of population and development of economy in the coastal zone of Yancheng, land use changes become more intensely. Cultivated land and water area change was the most important type in the coastal zone of Yancheng. The main pattern of land use changes is the area of cultivated land decreasing and the water area increasing during 1995～2002. In the history of tidal flat reclamation, the tidal flat was always considered as the land resources. There are 19.4×10~4hm^2 tidal flat had been reclaimed from 1950s to 1990s. Because of the driving of the income difference, the uses of the reclamation land become diverse. The paper analyses the effects of the coastal land use changes on eco-environment. As a result, the effects mainly include three aspects. That is:1) Effect on the soil environment: In the tidal flat, the rationally agricultural practices, mainly include growing crop and breed aquatics by freshwater, could decrease the soil salinity by 0.2%～0.5% and increase the amount of organic matter to 1% in the soil;2) Effect on the water environment: The pollutants of river increased in multiply. The main water pollution are volatile hydroxybenzene, COD and NH_4-N, caused by waste discharge of the industry and residential area,while the contributions of agricultural practice is less degree;3) Effect on bio-diversity: The reclamation in the tidal flat decreased and deteriorated the habitat and increased the fragmentation of landscape, which threatens the (bio-diversity.)
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第3期76-83,共8页
Resources Science
基金
中国科学院全国优秀博士论文基金
江苏省"333工程"基金联合资助。
关键词
土地利用变化
生态环境效应
水质
土壤
生物多样性
盐城海岸带
Land use changes
Effect on the eco-environment
Soil
Water
Bio-diversity
The coastal zone of Yancheng
