摘要
土地利用／ 土地覆被变化对区域生态环境的影响是土地利用／ 土地覆被变化研究的重要内容。本文分析了土地利用／ 土地覆被变化对区域气候、土壤、水量和水质的影响。土地利用／ 土地覆被变化通过改变地表发射率、温室气体和痕量气体的含量影响区域气候；土地利用／土地覆被变化影响着能量交换、水交换、侵蚀与堆积、生物循环和作物生产等土壤主要生态过程，不同土地利用方式和土地覆被类型的空间组合影响着土壤养分的迁移规律；土地利用／ 土地覆被变化对水质的影响主要是通过非点源污染途径，许多非点源污染来源都同土地利用／土地覆被变化紧密联系。文中还探讨了由于人类不合理的土地利用造成的土壤侵蚀、土地退化、水资源短缺、海水入侵等生态环境问题。
Land use/land cove changes has been the core program of global environmental change research. Its impacts to regional ecological environment are one of the important contents of land use/land cover research. This paper analyzed the effects of land use/land cover changes on regional climate, atmospheric quality, soil properties, water quantity and quality. Land use/land cover changes influence regional climate by altering the surface albedo and the composition of green gas and trace gas in atmosphere. They affect some soil ecological processes and different compositions of land use/land cover have important effects on nutrient flow in soil. Non-point source pollution is the main methods by which land use/land cover changes influence water quality, many important Non-point pollution sources are linked with the changes. Some eco-environmental problems caused by human improper utility such as soil erosion, land degradation, water scarcity and sea approaching are also proposed.
基金
国家自然科学基金!重点项目资助( 批准号:49831020)
