摘要
1979-1988年对杂交水稻汕优3号、四优2号、汕优63和汕优64等组合分期播种试验的有关数据,运用数学方法分析籽粒灌浆特性及其与气候条件的关系.结果:①杂交水稻群体籽粒具有明显的2次灌浆高峰.汕优3号的两次高峰分别出现在开花后的第12天和30天.②杂交水稻自开花至完熟分5个阶段,其中汕优3号开花后0-5天灌浆缓慢,需要足光和高温.在19-30℃,灌浆速度与温度呈正相关.6-10天和11-15天以日均温27.3℃,强光照,相对湿度75%为最适.16-20天和21-完熟期以日均温22.3℃,每天日照不少于6.53小时,相对湿度70-80%为宜.开花后6-10天和16-20天,日最高温>35℃对灌浆不利,秕谷率高,减产.③环境不适或后期叶片早衰,杂交水稻只有一次灌浆高峰,结实率和粒重均低,减产.故后期田间管理很重要.
Shanyou 3, Siyou 2 and Shanyou 63 etc. of hybrid rice were used for the studies in 1979-1988. The results were as follows: 1. Hybrid rice Shanyou 3 had two peak periods of grain-filling. It happened respectively at the 12th and the 30th day after anthesis. 2. The duration of grain-filling in hybrid rice consisted of five stages from heading to maturation. The dry matter was accumulated slowly within 0-5 days after the anthesis of Shanyou 3. Adequate unlight and higher temperature were needed for matter production and translocation, the rate of grain-filling was positively correlated with temperature within 19-30℃ at this stage. 27. 3℃ mean daily temperature, 75% R. H. and enough sunshine per day were helpful to grain-filling in 5-10 and 11-15 days after anthesis. But 22. 2℃, 70-80% R. H. and more than 6. 53 hr. per day were optimum for it in late maturation period. If the daily highest temperature (more than 35℃) appeared in 6-10 or 16-20 days after anthesis, setting percentage would markedly decrease. 3. If adverse weather occured or the upper leave of rice withered early at late growing period, the grain-filling of hybrid rice had only on peak, which in turn let to the decreace of setting percentage, 1000-grain weight and yield. So. the anagement of field was very important before harvest.
出处
《中国农业气象》
CSCD
北大核心
1992年第2期4-8,共5页
Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology
