摘要
物种生态位构建与其进化关系的研究属于生态位理论的新进展 .本文就生态位构建理论做出全面的介绍 ,分别论述了该理论中最基本的定义 什么是生态位构建 ,其进化意义 对双点位种群基因模型的分析结果 及生态位构建与环境的相互作用 .主要结果有 :1物种的生态位构建机制 ,从进化尺度上具体描述了其通过新陈代谢、活动和选择来确定自身的生态位 包括部分的创建 ,毁灭 ;2自然选择与人工选择具有进化方向异向性 ,生态位构建可能导致进化惯量与进化动量不同的变化规律 ;3生态位构建能导致有害的等位基因的修复 ,能支持或消除稳定的多态现象 ,引起不平衡等 .据此 ,提出对未来工作的 3点展望 :1由于人类的生态位构建除了所有物种都具有的特性外 ,文化是其重要的进化源 ,因此可将该理论应用到人类社会学科中探讨人类的发展进程 ;2最初提出生态位构建是基于种群水平的 ,也可将其作用机制放大或缩小至各种不同的尺度研究具体问题 ;3由于生态位构建中两种进化方向的异向性 ,所以在现实的生态环境中特别突出人工选择的作用 ,可为品种选育和人工调控提供理论依据 .
The research on relationship between niche construction of species and its evolutionary consequences belongs to the new field in niche theory.We will introduce entirely a development of niche construction theory,discuss the fundamental definition,i.e.what is niche construction,and explore the evolutionary consequence of niche construction by two locus population genetic model.The primary conclusions are:① Niche construction describes the species with evolution scale,materially.Species determine its niche through metabolism,action and selection,including some creation and destruction of its niche;② The pressure of natural selection and the artificial selection have different directions,and the niche construction can lead to different law of evolutionary inertia and evolutionary momentum;③ Niche construction can be a potent evolutionary agent by generating selection that leads to the fixation of otherwise deleterious alleles,supporting stable polymorphisms where none are expected,eliminating what would otherwise be stable polymorphisms and generating unusual evolutionary dynamics,even small amounts of niche construction,or niche construction that only weakly efforts resource dynamics,can significantly alter both ecological and evolutionary patterns.Based on these,we will go deep into our work for three directions and have further comprehension about positive feedback from organisms and their environments.First,building on conventional evolutionary theory,the model emphasizes the capacity of organisms to modify sources of natural selection in their environment;the evolutionary dynamics can also be broadened to incorporate ontogenetic and cultural process,with phenotypes playing a much more active role in evolution.Culture amplifies the capacity of human beings to modify sources of selection in their environments to the point that capacity raises some new questions about the process of human adaptation.So it can be applied to human social science.Second,the proposal of niche construction theory is based on the level of population,but this can be enlarged or reduced to explore explicit problems with various scales.Third,Due to the different evolutionary directions of natural and artificial selection,there would specially highlight the effect of artificial selection on ecological environment influenced by human factors.The above results can be the theoretical supports to the breed and selection of the crop species and the artificial regulation of the crop fields.
出处
《西北植物学报》
CAS
CSCD
2004年第3期558-562,共5页
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
基金
国家重大基础研究前期专项 2 0 0 2 CCA0 0 3 0 0
国家自然科学基金项目 3 0 0 70 13 9
教育部科技重点项目 0 1172
甘肃省自然科学基金项目资助 ZS0 3 1-A2 5 -0 3 6-D
关键词
生态位构建
模型尺度
正反馈
异向性
niche construction
model scale
positive feedback
different directions
