摘要
通过对翔实历史与考古资料的调查,并结合于中国古建筑遗构的勘测,进行了许多有关这类结构的起源、发展和演变方面的研究工作,结果表明:(1)木构架具有相当好的抗(耐)震性能,由于这类木造结构的材料具有良好的弹塑性性能、以及榫卯节点的柔性连接,以致在地震过程中,大量的地震动能量被消耗掉。(2)在其结构构造方面,采用了许多诸如柱的生起、侧脚等木作工艺;柱顶、柱脚分别连以阑额、地以及其他的结构构件,使柱架层形成一个闭合的构架系统,并与重量很大的屋盖结合,俾使构架具有很大的稳定性和抗震性能。(3)通过阑额、由额与柱头方之间施以拱眼壁或蜀柱或人字拱;在节点部位施以绰幕方等的构造方式,显著增强了结构整体与其构件和节点的抗弯刚度。(4)对于单体建筑,通常情况下采用矩形或其他规则的几何图形作为其平面,在构架竖向上,通常为(下大上小的)棱台形,尤其对于多层建筑。实践证明这种构造方式具有较好的抗震性能。(5)通过抛光柱基础的顶面,显著地减少柱底与柱基础顶面之间的摩擦进而有效地产生隔震作用,使结构免于坍塌。总之,中国古建筑结构体系是高度有机的,对其科学的构造原理进行研究和探索,是一件有意义的事情,并且无疑地对我们现代的建筑活动以有益的启示。
By means of full and accurate investigation of historic and archaeological data, and combining with the survey of the relict structures of ancient Chinese buildings, a lot of investigations has been done, the origins, development, evolution of timber buildings in Chinese various historic times are studied with principle, types, constructions and functions of the structure. The results show that (1) the wooden frames own a fairly good aseismatic function as a result of elasto-plastic nature of the timber and the mortise-tenon joints’ flexible conjunction in ancient Chinese timber buildings, so a considerable amount of seismic energy is dissipated during earthquakes; (2) in terms of construction, as a result of many structural carpentries, such as shengqi (a gradual increase in the height of the columns from the central bay toward the corners of the building ), cejiao (a slight inward incline of the columns, about 1:100), apart from, lintels, sills, and other structural members installed on tops or feet of the columns, forming a complete frame system, and furthermore, with the large roof whose weight is considerably large,so strong stability and aseismatic functions have been achieved; (3) between large lintel and small lintel,stomach plank or king posts or inverted-V brackets are set, and the t’i-mu are also installed on the site of the joints,to strengthening obviously the deflection stiffness of whole structure and the structural members and joints; (4) For an individual building, rectangle or other regular geometric figure is usually to be its plan and the frame elevation is usually frustum particular to a multi-storied building, which turns out to be advantageous to withstand earthquakes; (5) by means of polishing the surface of plinth, which decreases obviously the friction between plinth and foot of column so as to isolate ground motion effectively and protect the building from falling. In one word, ancient Chinese construction is a highly ”organic” structural system, it is significant to study and explore its scientific construction principle, and undoubtedly it will greatly enlighten us in modern construction activities.
出处
《世界地震工程》
CSCD
2004年第1期100-104,共5页
World Earthquake Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(59878043)
陕西省自然科学研究计划项目(98C09)
关键词
构造原理
隔震作用
抗震性能
结构稳定性
中国古代
ancient Chinese timber structural system
construction principle
origins
development
evolution
