摘要
朱德熙(1978)把"你在哪儿买的车?"和"你什么时候来的?"看作两种不同的句式。前者是"主语后置的主谓句",而后者不是"主语后置的主谓句"。其实,如已往研究所示,这些句子无论在意义层面、句法层面还是语用层面上都具有共同的特征,应该视为同一种句式。本文以这类"的"字句作为研究对象,考察其句式语义和"的"的语义功能。主要论点如下:1."的"字句里"的"字的语义功能是对行为动作加以区分性限制(=动作区分功能)。2."的"字句里"的"字的动作区分功能是由结构助词"的"具有的事物区分功能扩展而来的。3."的"字句的句式语义可以定性为:以行为动作的参与者(施事、受事、场所、时点、工具等等)为标准,对既定的行为动作加以区分性限制,并通过这种限制来确认其行为动作的属性。4.汉语里由指向事物的表达形式扩展为指向动作的表达形式这一现象并不少见。"的"字的事物区分功能扩展为动作区分功能可以看作是这种扩展的一个事例。
D. Zhu (1978) considers Ni zai nar mat de che? [you at where bought de car] and Ni shenme shihou lai de? [you when came de] as two different structures. The former is a sentence with a postposed subject, while the latter is not. In fact, these sentences share the same characteristics in syntax, semantics and pragmatics and therefore should be treated as having the same structure. This paper investigates the semantics of the de-construction and the semantic functions of de. The main claims of the paper are: 1) the semantic function of de in the Reconstruction is to demarcate the action (action-demarcating function); 2) the action-demarcating function of the de is an extension of its inherent entity-demarcating function; 3) the semantics of the de-construction can be described as follows: 'in accordance with the participants of the action (such as Agent, Patient, Location, Time and Instrument, etc.), a Re-sentence sets a demarcation on the specific action, and through this demarcation confirms the properties of the action. '; 4) in Chinese, the extension of an element's function from an entity-denoting one to an action-denoting one is a common phenomenon. In the cases considered in the paper, de extends its original entity-demarcating function to an action-demarcating one and so can be regarded as being part of this general pattern.
出处
《中国语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2003年第4期303-314,共12页
Studies of the Chinese Language
关键词
“的”字句
汉语
语法
语义功能
结构助词
数量宾语
de, entity-demarcating function, action-demarcating function, extended function
