摘要
生态批评 (ecocriticism)是近十年来兴起于北美并迅速向世界扩展的批评浪潮 ,它为拘谨的批评界带来了一股新鲜活泼的自然之风。生态批评以对人与自然的联系的关注使批评家进一步突破文本的社会历史语境 ,站在地球生物圈的高度上考察传统文学经典的构成、现存文学理论的得失 ,从而能够再现缺席已久的自然在文本乃至文化中的地位。 2 0 0 2年 5月 ,我与美国哈佛大学英语系主任劳伦斯·布依尔 (LawrenceBuell)在北京进行了接触。布依尔教授早年潜心于美国超验主义文学 ,对爱默生、梭罗、霍桑等作家有精深的研究 ,这为他近年转向生态批评打下了坚实的基础。布依尔现在是美国生态批评的代表人物之一 ,而中国的生态文艺学建设也正在如火如荼地进行着。为了促成双方的交流 ,在清华大学王宁教授的安排下 ,布依尔与我商定通过电子邮件做一个访谈。
Ecocriticism is a critical movement that arose in the 1990s and is stil l prospering. In this interview, Lawrence Buell, the distinguished Chair Profess or of the English Department, Harvard University, presents a sketch of what ecoc riticism is like and what he believes Chinese scholars will be able to do to con struct its theory. For him, ecocriticism is interdisciplinary, and is usually un dertaken in a spirit of environmental praxis. In its critical perspective, all f orms of discourse can in principle fruitfully be put under the sign of 'environ ment', not only the genres focused on the nonhuman world and human nature in c ontact with it. 'Environmental crisis' is not just a matter of threat to land or nonhuman life forms but a comprehensively civilizational phenomenon, and the mission of ecocriticism is not so much as to encourage 'putting people back in touch with nature' but to instill awareness of the 'environmentality' of huma n existence. Buell also feels confident that there must be resources within Chinese art and c ulture that will ensure the likelihood, and that the Chinese ecocritics have the potential to make a distinctive intervention. Confucianism, for instance, provi des significant resources that China potentially has to offer to ecocriticism. F urthermore, China's specific experience with modernization may help Chinese eco critics to make a distinctive contribution.
出处
《文艺研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2004年第1期64-70,共7页
Literature & Art Studies
