摘要
家庭养老一直是老年学和社会学的热门话题。但是过去关于养老的研究忽视了家庭养老机制中的一个重要问题,即中国的代际关系与西方代际关系有着很大的区别,如果仅从理性经济人的假设出发是无法理解中国的家庭养老的。因为在中国,绝对不能忽视文化和伦理的因素对家庭养老的影响。本文以老年人在代际关系中表现出来的"责任伦理"为分析视角,以1999年9月的"北京市老年人需求调查"所获得的资料对北京市城区家庭养老的现状所做的定量分析为基础,认为家庭养老的现实可行性是建立在老年人对下一代的"责任伦理"(老年人对子女不计回报的付出,在家庭养老的三个方面———经济支持、生活照料和精神慰藉———尽量自立,始终想的是减轻子女的负担)的基础上的。家庭养老并不意味着子女给予老年人对等的"反哺",事实上老年人的付出总是远远大于子女的回报,并且,随着生活水平的提高,医疗条件的进一步改善,城市居民平均寿命的延长,老年人真正需要子女给予帮助和赡养的年龄已大大推迟。
There is great difference between the intergenerational relationship in China and the one in the Western countries. The difference of the mechanism of family support is the main cause because in China, we can not neglect the factors of culture and ethic which give impact on the family support but the Western people give explanation for the family support based on a theoretical hypothesis of 'rational person'. According to our data, the foundation of the real feasibility of family support is the ethic of responsibility of the aged for his or her children. It means that the pay from elderly people to their children is not considered to get repay from their children and elderly people ever rely on themselves as much as possible in three aspects of family support: economical support, care of daily life and communication of emotion in order to lighten their children's burden. So, family support does not mean children's equal feedback to their old parents while such people need other's help because of aging.
出处
《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2004年第1期71-84,共14页
Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
关键词
责任伦理
城市
家庭养老
社会变迁
ethic of responsibility
city
family support
social change
