摘要
目的尺骨鹰嘴粉碎性骨折后易出现骨折端短缩,导致肘关节功能障碍。通过尸体解剖实验,以不同的截骨厚度和方向来模拟骨折后尺骨鹰嘴短缩、变小等局部形态变化,探讨其对肘关节屈伸活动的影响。方法取3具新鲜成年男性尸体的双侧上肢标本,在距尺骨鹰嘴顶点25mm处行水平截骨并用两枚螺钉临时固定,再依次截骨1mm、3mm、5mm,测量肘关节的屈伸活动度。然后将标本分成两组,一组继续水平截骨至7mm和8mm,测量肘关节的屈伸活动度;而另一组则依次以5mm、7mm为水平截骨距离,分别采用楔形截骨的方法,观察肘关节屈伸功能的改善度。结果尺骨鹰嘴短缩3mm后原位固定,肘关节屈伸活动无明显受限;若尺骨鹰嘴缺损达5mm,则会因尺骨滑车切迹关节面弧度的改变而导致肘关节的伸直明显受限,将截骨处远端背侧的骨皮质去除3mm行楔形截骨后再固定,肘关节伸直功能还可以恢复正常。但若尺骨鹰嘴短缩达7mm和8mm时,肘关节的伸直受限分别为47°和35°,楔形截骨后也会出现肘关节不稳定。结论如尺骨鹰嘴粉碎性骨折所致的短缩在3mm之内,可行单纯固定,肘关节屈伸功能无明显受限;若短缩在3～5mm之间,仍可以采用短缩原位固定的方法,但应将尺骨鹰嘴后倾固定,使滑车切迹尽量保持原有的弧度;而若短缩达到7～8mm,即使保持滑车切迹的弧度。
Objective The olecranon is likely to become shorter following the treatment of its comminuted fractures, which will lead to the compromise of the function of elbow joint. So through the cadaver experiment, introduce the method of making different thickness and direction in osteotomy so as to intimate the shape change of the olecranon after the comminuted fractures, and explore its effect on the flexion-extension function of the elbow joint. Methods Through three cadaver(six arms), osteotomy at 25 mm below the olecranon process was made horizontally and fixed with two screws temporarily, furthermore, the bone fragment of 1 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm in length was resected in order, then specimens were divided into two groups: In the first group, osteotomy was made up to 7 mm and 8 mm continually, and the changes of the range of the elbow joint movement were measured; in the second group, the additional wedge osteotomy of 5 mm and 7 mm was performed respectively, then the outcomes between the two groups were compared. Results If the osteotomized bone was within 3 mm, shortening internal fixation was satisfactory for the reconstruction of the elbow joint function. However, in cases of osteotomized bone of 5 mm, the extension function would be limited as the loss of the trochlear notch is too much. In order to keep the normal range motion of the elbow, the dorsal cortex distal to osteotomy should be scarified about 3 mm for the wedge osteotomy. When the shortage attained to 7 mm, the elbow instability would occur, even if advanced wedge osteotomy was accomplished. Conclusion In cases of the comminuted olecranon fractures, if the osteotomy is made within 3 mm, the shortening fixation is appropriate; if it has not exceeded 5 mm, the fracture should be treated with advanced wedge osteotomy tilting back to keep the radian of the trochlea; and if it has reached 7 mm, bone grafting is necessary for recovering of the flexion-extension of the elbow joint.
出处
《中华骨科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第10期627-630,共4页
Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics
