摘要
青藏高原植物区系是第三纪古地中海退却,青藏高原成陆以后开始发展演变而来的。化石资料表明,在早第三纪时青藏高原具有同特提斯早第三纪喜暖的樟叶林一致的植物区系;在第三纪中期以后由于古地中海气候逐步旱化而逐步消失;在横断山及喜马拉雅和东亚其它地区得以保存和发展。新第三纪以后由于古地中海气候变得干旱,原暖湿植物区系逐步被现代旱生的地中海植物区系所取代。一些代表类群:黄花木属、沙冬青属、Anagyris、钩毛草属、无心菜属、铁筷子属,绿绒蒿属,芒苞草科,马桑属、高山栎组、沙棘属等类群分布区和地理分布格局的形成,说明了这些旱生的地中海成分随着青藏高原的隆升进一步分化形成了中亚成分、地中海—西亚—中亚成分、旧世界温带成分、北温带成分、中国喜马拉雅成分等,并形成了一些间断、残遗和特有的分布现象。因此,古地中海植物区系是现代青藏高原植物区系的一个重要源头。通过分析也进一步论证了第三纪早期沿古地中海东西迁移路线和在此路线分别同热带亚洲、非洲和南美洲进行的南北迁移可能是青藏高原同欧洲、北美、南半球等间断分布格局形成的一条重要途径。
The flora of QinghaiTibet Plateau started in late Cretaceous or early Tertiary. Paleobotanical data had showed that there were same or similar flora in QinghaiTibet Plateau to Tethyan Tertiary evergreen flora in that time. Along with the gradual climate change of the Tethys, which had become aridity since Neogene, the evergreen flora was gradually replaced by semiarid or arid flora of the Tethys and only preserved and developed in E Asian and IndoMalaya. Analysis of some representative groups:Piptanthus, Ammopiptanthus, Anagyris, Arenaria, Kelloggia, Coriaria, Hippophae, Velloziaceae, Meconopsis, Helleborus and sclerophyllus oaks in QinghaiTibet Plateau, showed that the uplift of the QinghaiTibet Plateau caused the semiarid or arid flora of Tethys evolved to adapt to different environment and differentiated into different elements, i.e. C Asian, MediterraneanW Asian and C Asian, the temperate of Old World, North Temperate and SinoHimalayas and others, as well as some disjunction, endemic and relic distribution. Furthermore, the analysis also demonstrated the dispersal pathway of Tethys flora along Tethys to and from east and west, and to from north and south, to Tropical Asia, Africa and South America in early tertiary, which was one of the main reasons causing modern disjunction between QinghaiTibet Plateau and Old World Temperate, as well as W America, Africa, S America and tropical Asia.
出处
《地球科学进展》
CAS
CSCD
2003年第6期852-862,共11页
Advances in Earth Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"高山植物区系重要特征类群起源和分化规律的研究"(编号:30270121)
"青藏高原特殊生境中植物样性的起源和进化机制的研究"(编号:40332021)
中国科学院知识创新重要方向项目"横断山及其邻近地区生物多样性的起源
演化和可持续利用"(编号:KSCX2 1 09)资助
