摘要
以云南长角 (甘蓝型油菜 ,B .napus)、青海牛尾梢 (芥菜型油菜 ,B .juncea)、汕头芥蓝 (B .alboglabra)和黑芥(B .nigracygiebra)为参照品种 ,对不同地理来源的 82份白菜型油菜 (B .campestrisL .)资源进行了形态学鉴定和RAPD分子标记分析。利用分子进化遗传分析软件 (MEGA)构建白菜型油菜的系统发育树 ,以揭示白菜型油菜在我国的起源与进化。分析表明 :北方小油菜 (B .campestrisvar.oleifera)的起源早于南方油白菜 (B .chinensisvar.oleif era) ;冬油菜 (WintertypeB .campestrisvar.oleifera)的起源早于春油菜 (SpringtypeB .campestrisvar.oleifera) ;关中蔓菁是起源较早的北方小油菜。陕西可能是北方小油菜的起源地 ,后来逐渐分化出广泛种植于甘肃、青海等地的春油菜 ;南方油白菜可能起源于云南、贵州、四川、湖北等地。形态性状与分子标记相结合 。
China is the origin center of B.campestris L.which is cultivated in a large area and has evolved into several biotypes:spring type,winter type and semi winter type.Spring and winter types are cultivated in the north China while semi winter type is cultivated in the south China.In order to distinguish oil use with vegetable use B.campestris and distinguish different biotypes,spring and winter type cultivated in the north China are named B.campestris var. oleifera while semi winter type cultivated in the south China is named B.chinensis var. oleifera .It is important to study its origin and evolution.Morphological identification and RAPD analysis were carried out on 82 germplasm samples of B.campestris L.originated in different regions of China as well as on the out group germplasm consisting of B.napus,B.juncea,B.alboglabra and B.nigra cy giebra. Based on morphological data,RAPD data and RAPD morphological combined data,genetic distances were calculated by the formula of Sokal and Sneath (1963).Three phylogenetic trees were constructed with MEGA Version 2 1 by UPGMA method in the aim of revealing the evolution and origin of B.campestris L.in China.Average divergence time of spring type,winter type and semi winter type were calculated based on morphological tree,RAPD tree and RAPD morphological tree.It was showed that B.campestris var. oleifera originated earlier than B.chinensis var. oleifera .In B.campestris var. oleifera ,winter type originated earlier than spring type.The germplasm,‘Guanzhongmanjing’,was the oldest among varieties of B.campestris var. oleifera.B.campestris var. oleifera might originate in Shaanxi and evolve into spring type which has been largely cultivated in Gansu and Qinghai etc. B.chinensis var. oleifera might originate in the area of Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan and Hubei.This study demonstrated that morphological characters combined with molecular markers can be well employed to study the origin and evolution of B.campestris L.
基金
国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目 (编号 3 982 5 117)~~
