摘要
将磷酸二铵 (DAP)、硫酸铵 (DAS)、钝感剂RFM - 1、RFM - 2和RFM - 3与硝酸铵混合后 ,按照工业炸药配方配制成铵木油炸药 ,对硝酸铵的爆轰安全性进行了评价。采用恒温热分解方法 ,研究了含上述添加剂的硝酸铵及铵木油炸药的热分解行为 ,得出如下结论 :硝酸铵中含 2 5 %以上的磷酸二铵或硫酸铵 ,铵木油炸药不能被 8号雷管起爆 ,在本实验条件下硝酸铵的爆炸特性得以消除 ;而钝感剂RFM - 1、RFM - 2和RFM - 3阻爆效果非常理想 ,仅需 5 %的添加量就能消除硝酸铵的爆炸特性。在 390℃恒温加热 1min的热分解实验结果表明 ,添加 5 %的RFM - 1、RFM - 2或RFM - 3可以使硝酸铵的热分解率从 96 .8%下降至 41.2 %、2 8.5 %和 2 2 .0 %,40 %的DAS和 40 %的DAP使硝酸铵的热分解率下降至 2 8.4%和 45 .9%,可见硝酸铵热稳定性的提高是爆炸特性得以消除的原因。硝酸铵经过改良后是否具有爆炸性可以通过测定热分解率来判断。
Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium sulfate(AS), deactivating agents RFM-1, RFM-2 and RFM-3, and ammonium nitrate are mixed, then formulated according to an industrial explosive formula into ammonpulver, and the detonation safety of ammonium nitrate is evaluated. The method of thermolysis under constant temperature is used to study the thermolytic behavior of ammonium nitrate with the above additives and the ammonpulver and the conclusion obtained is as follows: when ammonium nitrate contains more than 25% of DAP or AS , the ammonpulver will not be detonated by the No.8 detonator, and under these experimental conditions the explosive characteristic of ammonium nitrate is thus eliminated; the anti-detonation results of the deactivating agents RFM-1, RFM-2 and RFM-3 are very ideal, and an addition of only 5% is sufficient to eliminate the explosive characteristic of ammonium nitrate. The results of a thermolytic experiment at a constant temperature of 390 ℃ with heating for one minute show that an addition of 5% of RFM-1, RFM-2 or RFM-3 will reduce the thermolytic rate of ammonium nitrate from 96.8% to 41.2%, 28.5% and 22.0%, and an addition of 40% AS and 40% DAP will decrease the rate to 28.4% and 45.9%, and therefore it can be seen that the improvement on the heat stability of ammonium nitrate is due to the elimination of its explosive characteristic. Whether ammonium nitrate after modification has explosivity or not can be judged by the determination of its thermolytic rate.
出处
《化肥工业》
CAS
2003年第4期28-29,32,共3页
Chemical Fertilizer Industry
