摘要
目的 了解小学生膳食与运动相关的知识、态度及行为现状 ,为儿童肥胖的预防提供理论依据。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法 ,对北京、武汉、深圳三市小学 3～ 4年级 3 691名学生进行统一问卷调查。结果 3 9 11%的学生正确回答了 6项以上知识问题 ,正确回答率在 75 %以上的比例仅为 1 16% ;8 3 %的学生了解肥胖对健康的影响 ,2 1 5 %的学生了解控制肥胖的措施。 75 %以上学生出示愿意获取有关膳食与运动知识的欲望 ,并愿意在获得相关知识的前提下 ,做出积极健康的行为改变。在 15项行为中 ,64 90 %的学生只能保持 3～ 5种正确行为 ,5 0 %以上学生在“睡觉前吃东西的习惯、做作业的时间、吃肥肉的次数、饮用最多的饮料、吃油炸食物的次数、吃早餐的习惯、睡觉时间的长短、吃饭的速度以及吃蔬菜的习惯”等 9个方面的行为问题上保持正确的行为 ,而能保证课外健身运动时间的学生只有 2 6 7%。结论 小学生对膳食与运动的认识比较缺乏 ,但有强烈的求知欲望 ,家庭、学校及有关部门应因势利导 ,通过多种形式提高学生对膳食、运动以及肥胖与健康的认识 。
Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practice about nutrition and physical exercise among the primary school pupils in China Methods A questionnaire survey, including 13 questions about knowledge of nutrition and physical exercise, 5 questions about attitudes towards nutrition and exercise, and 15 questions about nutrition and exercise related behaviors, was conducted among 3691 fourth graders and fifth graders of 5 primary schools in Beijing, Wuhan, and Shenzhen by random cluster sampling Results 39 11% of the pupils correctly answered 6 out of the 13 questions concerning knowledge of nutrition and exercise Only 1 16% of them showed a correct answer rate of 75% and over Seventeen pupils gave correct answer to none of the questions No one correctly answered all the questions 97 2% of them knew that benefit of vegetable to health; however,none of them knew the nutritional components of vegetable 63 7% of the pupils had heard of the food pyramid, however, only 2 of them knew the detailed information 21 2% of them knew about proper amount of exercise Only 8 3% of them knew the harm of obesity to health 52 25% of the pupils made correct choice concerning attitudes towards nutrition and exercise 90% of the pupils managed to keep up 3～5 correct nutrition and exercise related behaviors Only 4 pupils (0 11%) managed to keep up 9 and more correct behaviors More than 50% of the pupils practiced correctly concerning the habits of eating before going to bed, doing homework, eating fatty meat, drinking healthy beverage, having deep fried food, having breakfast, having enough sleep, speed of having meal, and taking vegetable Only 26 7% of them arranged specialized time for physical exercise extra PE class Conclusion Pupils in China still lack knowledge about nutrition and exercise Their practice about nutrition and exercise remain to be improved
出处
《中国健康教育》
2003年第6期403-405,共3页
Chinese Journal of Health Education
关键词
小学生
膳食
运动
知识
态度
行为
调查
肥胖
Pupils
Nutrition
Physical Exercise
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice
