摘要
惩罚性赔偿是美国一个特殊的制度。传统规则上,它一般适用在侵权之诉中,只有在构成独立的侵权的情况下,违反合同才可以被判予惩罚性赔偿。在20世纪70、80年代,惩罚性赔偿在合同领域内适用得到扩展,但后来随着预期违约理论得到普遍承认,惩罚性赔偿在违约中的适用又有所倒退。因此,在美国法上其适用范围经历了一个从扩展到收缩的过程。
Punitive damages is a special system in American law. It may be awarded in ton actions in traditional rule. And it would not be awarded unless breach of contract constitutes an independent tort. Punitive damages allowed for breach of contract was expanded in 1970s and 1980s, but contracted along with the theory of 'efficient breach' acknowledged broadly. So, its scope of application allowed for breach passed through a process of expansion and contraction in. American law.
出处
《商业研究》
北大核心
2003年第11期145-147,共3页
Commercial Research
关键词
惩罚性赔偿
美国
适用范围
违约责任
美国
侵权
投诉
punitive damages
traditional rule
breach of contract
scope of application
