摘要
麻黄的出口量和使用量在逐年增加,麻黄碱的提取一直以野生资源为原料,使麻黄野生资源将近枯竭,土地沙化日趋严重,生态环境受到严重破坏。为了保护野生资源,国务院颁发了有关禁止滥挖干草和麻黄的通知,鼓励人工种植麻黄,从根本上解决麻黄资源紧缺的问题。目前人工种植麻黄的种源主要依靠采集野生种子育苗,由于野生麻黄的种源是一混杂的群体,因此栽培的麻黄在形态、生长发育及其有效成分上都存在差异,影响麻黄的产量和质量,从而制约了我国麻黄企业的发展。因此利用生物技术进行麻黄快速繁殖及种质保存、细胞离体培养产生代谢药用产物的研究具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了国内外麻黄组织培养、细胞悬浮培养等研究状况,为麻黄资源可持续利用提供了一个新的有效途径。
There exists a serious contradiction between the conservation of wild resources and the production of pharmaceutical industry of Chinese Ephedra herb. The annual exports and the uses in medical treatment at home of ephedrine have been increasing gradually due to its importance in clinic. As wild resources of Ephedra herb constitute the main raw material for the extraction of ephedrine, emerge such problems as the closing exhaustion of the wild resources of Ephedra herb, the increasingly serious desertification of the land where wild ephedra herb grows and the heavy deterioration of ecological environment involved. For the protection of wild resources, the State Council has issued the 《Announcement of Prohibiting Collection and Sale of Facai and Excessive Gathering of Root of Ural Licorice and Ephedra Herb As Well As Other Problems involved》, encouraging artificial cultivation of ephedra herb in the hope of easing the shortage of the resources of this plant thoroughly.At present, the seeds of Ephedra herb for artificial breeding have to be collected from its wild species. Owing to the fact that the collected seeds are a mixture of different species, all the cultivated plants assume their differences in morphological characters, growth and development and effective constituents so that the output and quality of ephedra herb are greatly declining and the development of its industry in China is restricted accordingly. Therefore, great importance should be attached to the studies of how to propagate ephedra herb quickly, conserve its germplasms and conduct in vitro culture of its cells by biotechnology so as to produce effective secondary metabolites for medicinal products. The studies may have broad prospects of application. This paper summarizes the recent studies in tissue culture, cell suspension culture and alkaloid yields in vitro of ephedra herb in China and abroad and puts forward a new and efficient approach to the sustainable utilization of the resources of Chinese Ephedra herb.
出处
《世界科学技术-中医药现代化》
2003年第2期37-39,共3页
Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica-World Science and Technology
