摘要
实验室研究了采自越南胡志明市、我国海南三亚市、北京市和新疆石河子市 4个棉蚜地理种群对温度和光周期的适应性分化特征。在 1 8℃配合光周期 L:D=8:1 6和 L:D=1 0 :1 4的条件下 ,越南和中国海南种群无性蚜分化现象 ,而北京和新疆种群则产生大量性蚜并产下受精卵 ,表明短光照已不能诱导低纬度热带地区种群产生性蚜。应用实验种群生命表技术研究了 3 5℃、3 0℃、2 5℃、2 0℃、1 5℃五个温度下新疆种群、北京种群和越南种群的存活、生长发育、繁殖及内禀增长率的差异 ,结果表明 ,在 2 0℃～ 3 0℃的温度区间内 ,各种群间生命参数差异不显著 ,而在低温下 (1 5℃ ) ,差异则比较显著 ,成蚜寿命和产蚜量均为新疆种群 >北京种群 >越南种群 ,表现为高纬度种群大于低纬度种群 ,其内禀增长率也随纬度升高逐渐增大 ,而来自热带地区的越南种群对高温则比较适应 ,其在 3
Cotton aphid Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae), an important agricultural pest, its distribution extends from 60°N to 40°S in the world. This insect is capable to survive under different climatic conditions due to its wider adaptability. In summer, this insect reproduces parthenogenetically from generation to generation, after the late autumn it produces sexual aphids to lay eggs to over-winter. This paper presents studies on ecological adaptability of Aphis gossypii under different temperature and photoperiod ranges in the laboratory. Adults of Aphis gossypii were collected from cotton plants in Ho Chi Minh city of Vietnam (106.42°E, 10.45°N), Beijing (116.5°E, 39.9°N), Shihezi city of Xinjiang Municipality (85°E, 45°N) and Sanya city of Hainan Province (109.5°E, 18.2°N) in 2001 and these adult populations were named as YN, BJ, XJ and HN respectively. Each aphid culture was maintained on cotton seedlings at 22℃, 70%RH, and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L∶D). The relationship between emergence of sexual morphs and photoperiod (L∶D=8∶16 and L:D=10∶14) at 18℃ as well as the life parameters of these populations at different temperatures were evaluated. In the 1 st part of the study with asexual aphids (collected from cotton plants), forty 4 th instar aphids (G 0)were transferred into environment chamber and allowed to breed using Leaf Wafer Method. After 24 hours, the G 0 adult aphids were removed, and forty new nymph (G 1) from G 0 generation were introduced to breed until generation (G 3). The G 2 nymphs were kept on feeding, which were produced at the 2nd, 7th, 12th and 17th day separately. During the growth period, the number of apteral and alate aphids was checked and the alate ones were transferred to cotton plants having 3 to 4 leaves to get G 3 generation. The cotton plants were enclosed with transparent plastic sleeves, which were covered at the top with gauze. The rates of development of three types of aphids [(1) virginoparae cotton aphid in G 3 with reproductive potential, (2) male alate aphid with genetalia without reproductive potential and, (3) female apteral aphid having eggs] were observed. In the 2 nd part of the study, fifty aphids from each of the 3 populations (i.e. YN, BJ and XJ) were placed at various temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35℃ respectively) maintaining 70%RH, and photoperiod L:D=16:8. Each aphid from respective population was fed on cotton cotyledon in 25ml glass beaker with 10ml-dissolved medium at the bottom. The newly produced aphids were transferred on cotyledon, and the cotton cotyledon was put on the surface of culture medium tightly. The newly produced nymphs were picked out everyday, but the adults were allowed to remain in the same container with replacement of fresh cotyledon and medium as and when required. Ecdysis, reproduction and death of aphid were observed everyday until all aphid adults died. The results showed: Sexual aphids of Aphis gossypii from BJ and XJ could be induced successfully at 18℃ and photoperiod (L∶D=8∶16 or L∶D=10∶14). An increasing trend in percentage of sexual aphids with enhancement of reproductive duration was observed in BJ and XJ populations, whereas sexual aphids of Aphis gossypii from YN could not be reproduced. The cotton aphid was found to survive normally at temperature ranging from 15℃ to 30℃, but they died quickly in nymph stage at 35℃. There were also observed significant differences in adult duration among YN, BJ and XJ populations. Adult duration of the aphid in YN was much longer than those of the other two populations at 30℃. The duration showed an increasing trend with the increase in latitude of location at 15℃, and fecundity of the aphid also showed a similar trend. Sexual morphs of aphids collected from temperate regions could be reproduced under artificial conditions, whereas the aphids collected from tropical regions could not be reproduced. Significant differences were also observed in life parameters of cotton aphid among the populations obtained from different agro-ecological zon
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第5期863-869,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
科技部科技攻关资助项目 (2 0 0 1 BA5 0 9B0 5 )~~
关键词
地理种群
棉蚜
温度
光周期
生态适应性
cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii)
temperature
photoperiod
ecological adaptability
