摘要
本文从甲壳动物化学受体的形态、动物个体的行为反应以及化学感觉神经元的电生理三方面综述了甲壳动物化学感觉研究近20年的进展。水生动物,如甲壳动物特别是底栖甲壳动物,主要依赖化学感受器获得其生存环境的信息,从而表现出摄食、逃避捕食者、觅偶、交配、洄游等各种不同的行为反应。早期的研究主要是直观的行为观察和化学感受器的形态描述,内容偏重于动物的摄食习性和化学感受器的结构及其分布。随后电生理方法和电镜技术的引入,使化学感觉生理学的研究深入到细胞水平,发现了受体细胞的一些特性,如低自发放电频率、低阈值、调制、适应和去适应、范围分级等。另外,还提出了甲壳动物化学受体对化学信号的两种基本编码方式,即单线编码模式和交叉神经元模式。
The advances of chemoreception studies on crustaceans in the past 20 years or so as are reviewed in three sections, i.e. morphological studies of chemoreceptor cells and organs, behavioral studies of individual animals, and electrophysiological studies of primary sensory neurons. Many aquatic organisms such as crustaceans possess well-developed chemosensory systems adapted to monitoring changes in the chemical composition of their aqueous environment. Specific chemicals in the external environment may. evoke highly predictable changes in their behavior (know to include those associated with feeding, avoiding predators, recognizing a suitable habitat, reproducing, migrating and interacting with conspecific organisms). The first section details the morphology and distribution of chemoreceptor cells and organs. Chemoreceptors are widely distributed in crustaceans and heavily protected by accessory structures (setae, canals, pouches or depressions) and may be in the antennules, antennae, legs or mouthparts, but all have the following common anatomical features: (1) they are modified ciliary cells; (2) they are bipolar neuron with somota in the periphery; and (3) they have axons projecting into the CNS, apparently without forming synapses in the periphery.The second section discusses the chemical control of behaviors of crustaceans and gives as example to illustrate the effects of chemical stimuli on feeding behavior. This section also deals with search images, mixture effects, differential aversive associative conditioning paradigm, etc.The third section summarizes the electrophysiological studies of chemoreceptors in crustaceans. Many crustacean chemoreceptor cells have very low levels of spontaneous activity ( ≤1 Hz). In a chemosensory cell, different stimulatory compounds usually evoke responses in similar temporal patterns. The rate of discharge of chemoreceptor cells is typically a simple function of the stimulus concentration. A striking feature of some crustacean chemoreceptors is their low threshold. Chemoreceptor cells are usually narrowly tuned to particular amino acids and nucleotides found in food organisms.
出处
《海洋与湖沼》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1992年第3期334-342,共9页
Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica
基金
博士研究生课题
关键词
甲壳动物
化学感觉
化学感受器
Crustacean, Chemoreception, Chemoreceptor, Feeding behavious, Electro-phsiology.
