摘要
勘查地球化学经过 70年的发展 ,已从矿产勘查从属地位的一种战术手段上升到能左右整个矿产勘查全局的战略地位 ,并且从一门经验或技术 ,发展成为一门地学分支科学。这主要表现在 (1)系统地建立了各种类型的地球化学分散模式 ,并根据这些分散模式所形成的地球化学异常去追踪和发现矿床的理论 ;(2 )发展了各种尺度和各种不同介质的地球化学采样方法 ,多元素高灵敏分析方法和数据处理与图件表达方法 ;(3)发展了不同尺度 (局部、区域、国家和全球 )地球化学填图理论 ,一些国家开始陆续完成和出版了区域性或国家性地球化学图 ;(4 )在全世界发现了一大批新的矿产地 ,包括从 2 0世纪 30年代一直延续到 70年代在前苏联、北美和南美发现的许多斑岩铜矿 ,70年代在北美发现许多铀矿 ,80年代开始在中国发现数百个金矿。勘查地球化学尽管取得了从理论到实践的很大成功 ,但它也面临如下的挑战 :(1)全球各种介质中的地球化学基准与全球地球化学填图 ,(2 )隐伏区三维地球化学分散模式、深穿透地球化学与隐伏区矿产勘查 ,(3)巨量金属的聚集机理、地球化学块体与大型矿集区或巨型矿床的定量评价 ,(4 )难识别矿种或难识别类型的地球化学勘查与评价方法。
With 70 year development, exploration geochemistry has expanded its scope from a tactical mineral exploration tool into a strategic methodology and from an experience technology into a science. Those can be seen from the following points: (1) Geochemical dispersion patterns have been established, (2) Multi media sampling methods, high sensitive analytical methods and data processing and interpretation methods have been developed, (3) Some national or regional geochemical atlases have been or are being published, (4) Great achievements have been made in the mineral discoveries all over the world, such as porphyry copper deposits in the former Soviet Union and North America during 1930s 1970s, uranium deposits in North America during 1970s and gold deposits in China from 1980s to present. Although splendid achievements have been made, exploration geochemistry is facing the following challenges: (1) geochemical baseline and global geochemical mapping, (2) three dimension geochemical dispersion patterns and deep penetration geochemical methods for concealed deposits, (3) geochemical blocks by accumulation of huge mass of metals and quantitative assessment for giant ore deposits, and (4) geochemical exploration for new difficult recognized types of mineral deposits.
出处
《地学前缘》
EI
CAS
CSCD
2003年第1期239-248,共10页
Earth Science Frontiers
基金
国家重点基础研究项目 (G19990 43 2 12 )
地质大调查项目 (DKD990 40 0 5 )
关键词
矿产勘查地球化学
地球化学分散模式
矿床
数据处理
矿种
exploration geochemistry
achievements and challenges
global geochemical mapping
deep penetration geochemistry
