摘要
20 0 0年 4～ 6月对分布在无锡太湖地区的 4种鹭鸟中的白鹭 (Egrettagarzetta)行为生态学及其生境污染状况进行了调查研究 .调查地白鹭主要栖息树种包括马尾松 (Pinusmassoniana)、香樟树 (Cin namomumhupehanum)、麻栎树 (Quercusacutissema)、榆树 (Ulmusprmila)和杨梅树 (Myricarubra) .栖息地总面积为 7hm2 ,白鹭总巢数为 42 0 0个 ,每棵树平均 0 .3 8个 .白鹭的孵化期为 19～ 2 1d ,卵重 2 3 .9±4.0g(n =41) ,平均卵大小 (44 .5± 4.1)mm× (3 2 .6± 4.9)mm(n =41) ,平均窝卵数 5 .0 2 (2～ 8)枚 ,平均窝雏数 3 .86(2～ 7)只 ,孵化成功率为 84.2 5 % .对白鹭雏鸟左右跗 的测量分析表明不对称性不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) .白鹭雏鸟食物较小 ,繁殖期间主要以小型鱼类和虾类为食 .污染物分析结果表明 ,白鹭卵中除Cd外 ,六氯苯、六六六、环二烯类、DDTs、DDE、PCBs、Cr、Hg和Pb均检测到 .食物链 (底泥 食物 白鹭雏鸟 )中 ,有机杀虫剂和重金属都逐级富集 .通过与相对无污染的鄱阳湖地区比较 ,太湖地区和鄱阳湖地区卵样品中的DDTs(包括DDT、DDE和DDD)浓度最高 (超过 2 μg·g-1) ,其它污染物浓度均较小 .太湖地区白鹭卵中的DDTs、Cd和Cr浓度低于鄱阳湖地区 ,其它污染物浓度鄱阳湖地区均低于太湖地区 .
There were four species of Ardeidae in Tai Lake. The dominant vegetations in the habitat were Pinus massoniana, Cinnamomum hupehanum, Quercus acutissema, Ulmus prmila and Myrica rubra , which were suitable for Egretta garzetta to make nests. The area of the habitat was about 7 hm 2, where there were totally 4200 Egretta garzetta nests with the density of 0.38 nest per tree in average. Studies on Egretta garzetta breeding ecology showed that the incubating time was 19～21 days,the average egg weight was 23.9±4.0 g( n =41), and the average egg size was 44.5±4.1 mm×32.6±4.9 mm( n =41). The mean clutch size and brood size were 5.02 (2～8) and 3.86(2～7), respectively, and the hatching rate was 84.25%. The measurements of Egretta garzetta nestling tarsus did not show any asymmetry ( P >0.05). Egretta garzetta fed mainly on small fish and shrimps in Tai Lake. The analysis results of Tai Lake samples showed that the pollutants including HCH, HCB, cyclodience, DDTs (DDT, DDE and DDD), PCBs, Cr, Hg and Pb in Egretta garzetta eggs were detected except Cd ,and these pollutants accumulated through prey chain from sediments and preys to nestlings. Comparing samples from Tai Lake and those from Poyang Lake as relatively unpolluted area, only the concentration of DDTs residues was higher than 2 μg·g -1 in both lakes,and the other residues from Tai Lake like organochlorine insecticides, PCBs and heavy metals were all lower than those from Poyang Lake, and did not affect the development and breeding success of Egretta garzetta at present.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
2003年第2期263-268,共6页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
欧共体国际合作发展项目 (IC18 CT98 0 2 94)
教育部优秀青年教师基金资助项目 (教人司 [2 0 0 0 ] 11号 )
