摘要
鸟类属于高等脊椎动物,是食物链中的高级消费者,由于生物富集作用,鸟类容易受到环境中污染物质的影响。鸟类羽毛和卵壳中的重金属浓度可以反映其所处环境中重金属的污染状况,因此可以用鸟类作为指示生物来监测环境中的重金属污染。对重金属污染的来源和特征进行了介绍,阐述了重金属污染对环境安全构成威胁的原因,分析了汞、铅、镉、砷、铜等几种重金属元素在鸟体内富集的特点及其对鸟类的危害。重金属污染物在不同生物体内的浓度存在差异,反映出它们通过食物链的生物富集和放大,对环境和鸟类的毒害作用有所增加。建议选择野生鹭类、麻雀和喜鹊等鸟类作为指示生物监测环境中的重金属污染。
Many widespread and common bird species are at, or near, the top of the food chain and consequently prone to accumulating environmental pollutants. Because levels of heavy metals in the feathers and eggshells of birds reflect the background abundance of these pollutants birds can be useful indicators of heavy metal pollution in the environment. This paper introduces sources and characteristics of heavy metal pollution and describes the threats these substances pose to the environment, with particularly emphasis on the effects of specific heavy metals （Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Cu ） on birds. Comparison of concentrations of heavy metals at different levels in the food chain indicates that processes of bioaccumulation and biomagnification cause these pollutants to reach significantly greater concentrations at higher tropic levels, which is where they pose the greatest threat to birds and the environment in general. Previous studies on birds as bioindicators of environmental pollution, the characteristics of heavy metal accumulation in the tissues of birds, directions for future research and guidelines for environmental monitoring are discussed. Herons （Ardeidae）, sparrows （Passerinae） and common magpies （Corvidae） are suggested as useful bioindicators of environmental pollution.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第1期296-303,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.30270265
30570257)~~
关键词
重金属污染
鸟类
环境监测
指示生物
environmental pollution
bioaccumulation
biomagnification
bioindicator
food chain
