1Mark Lewis，Sanctioned Violence in Earty China，Albany，State University of New York，1990，pp．7—9，44．
2吴阎生：《左传微》，安徽：新华书店，1995年，第499页。
3《白话左传》，沈玉成译，台北：文明书局，1982年，第280页。
4吴阎生：《左传微》，第236页。[1]David Ownby，“Secret Societies Reconsidered，”In Secret Societies Reconsidered—Perspectives on the Social History of Modern South China and Southeast Asia，ed．By David Ownby and Mary S．Heidhues，Armonk，New York：An East Gate Book，1993，p．5．[1]C.K.Yong，Religion in Chinese Society-A Study of Contemporary Social Functions of Religion and Some of Their Historical Factors，Berkeley：University of California Press，1961，pp．279-280．
5Robert Antony，“Brotherhood，Secret Societies，and the Law in Qing-Dynasty China，”in Secret Societies Reconsidered-Perspectives on the Social History of Modern South China and Southeast Asia，p．206．
6Ownby，“Hui and the Early Modern Social Order，”in Secret Societies Reconsidered-Perspectives on the Social History of Modern South China and Southeast Asia，p．56．
7《孟子梁惠王篇》，《新译四书读本》，台北：三民书局，1987年，第344页。[1]Yuji Muramatsu,"Some Themes in Chinese Rebel Ideologies,"in The Confucian Persuasion,ed.by Arthur F.Wright,Stanford:Stanford university Press,1960, pp. 241-267.[1]David K.Jordan,"Sworn Brothers:A Study in Chinese Ritual Kinship,"in The Chinese Family and Its Ritual Behavior,pp.242-243.
8David Jordan,"Sworn Brothers:A Study in Chinese Ritual Kinship,"p.242.
9Wing-Tsit Chen,"Confucian Ethics"in The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Ethics,Philadelphia:The Westminster Press,1986.[1]《三国演义》，第77回，上海古籍出版社，1989年，第633页。
