摘要
明太祖朱元璋在开国之际广收义子,赐名改姓,与之结成拟制父子关系。朱元璋通过义子节制诸将、出镇地方,将军队置于拟家庭化的构建之中,缓解了乱世中“部下多易于去就”的内部信任危机。但随着朱元璋集团由地方势力向君主政权的转变,义子关系已不适用于皇权政治。洪武元年前后,朱元璋在推行“正纲纪、明上下”礼法秩序的同时,逐渐命义子复姓归宗,双方关系由“父子”变为“君臣”。在明初政治秩序的设计中,复姓后诸义子的政治身份逐渐转变为普通武臣和勋臣贵族。随后,朱元璋又分封诸王,代替义子出镇地方、控制军队。由此,朱元璋完成了对复姓后义子身份的重塑,以及对义子原有政治权力的重新分配。义子是考察朱元璋从起兵到建立王朝过程中权力结构建立与转变的重要视角,也是研究明初政治秩序的一个着眼点。
In the early Ming Dynasty, Ming Taizu adopted many men as his sons, and gave them his own family name as a reward. These adopted sons helped Ming Taizu manage the army, gave their fathers more power to control the army, to manage the affairs of the country, and to spy on the military officers. This way alleviated the internal trust crisis. But this relationship can’t survive in the politics of the imperial power. Around the first year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuan-zhang promoted Lizhi and began to take his family name back from his adopted sons gradually, so they were no longer his adopted children but his liegemen, which made them turn into ordinary military officers and aristocracies. Eventually, Zhu Yuan-zhang replaced these former adopted sons with his biological sons to do their job. From this Zhu Yuan-zhang reinstated these former adopted sons’ original identity, and redistributed the political power he used to give them. By this study on the adopted sons we can investigated Zhu Yuan-zhang’s personal behaviors in his earlier political career, and it is also an important perspective to study the political order in the early Ming dynasty.
作者
吕成震
LYU Cheng-zhen(College of the Humanities, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China)
出处
《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第1期97-105,共9页
Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)
关键词
明太祖
义子关系
拟家庭化
君臣
政治秩序
Ming Taizu
relationship of father and adopted sons
quasi-family
emperor and minister
political order
